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Debnath S, Sarkar A, Perveen K, Bukhari NA, Kesari KK, Verma A, Chakraborty NR, Tesema M. Principal Component and Path Analysis for Trait Selection Based on the Assessment of Diverse Lentil Populations Developed by Gamma-Irradiated Physical Mutation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9679181. [PMID: 35898676 PMCID: PMC9314173 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9679181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lentil is a notable legume crop valued for its high protein, vitamin, mineral, and amino acid (lysine and tryptophan) content. This crop has a narrow genetic base due to the formation of gene pool barriers during interspecific hybridization within and across species. Mutagenesis may be seen as a novel and alternative breeding technique for the production of new diversity. For the identification of new alleles, the creation of mutants followed by selection in subsequent generations would be necessary. Induction of mutation in lentil cv. Moitree by gamma rays therefore produced high variation for the majority of quantitative measures examined. Henceforth, principal component analysis (PCA) and path coefficient analysis were conducted to identify and exclude redundant mutant genotypes with similar traits as the success of breeding is dependent on understanding the relationship between morpho-agronomic traits and seed yield. As shown by the findings of this research, the total quantity of pods per mutant plant should be given considerable priority. The identified mutant genotypes, such as lines 24, 43, 28, 33, and 10, may be used as parents in future breeding or released directly following trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Debnath
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, PIN-731236 West Bengal, India
| | - Abhik Sarkar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, PIN-731236 West Bengal, India
| | - Kahkashan Perveen
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najat A. Bukhari
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, P.O. Box 11000, Otakaari 1B, Finland
| | - Amit Verma
- University Centre for Research & Development & Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Chakraborty
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, PIN-731236 West Bengal, India
| | - Mulugeta Tesema
- Department of Chemistry (Analytical), College of Natural and Computational Sciences, DambiDollo University, Dambi Dollo, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
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Raina A, Laskar RA, Wani MR, Jan BL, Ali S, Khan S. Gamma Rays and Sodium Azide Induced Genetic Variability in High-Yielding and Biofortified Mutant Lines in Cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:911049. [PMID: 35774825 PMCID: PMC9237497 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.911049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
With the twin pressures of high population growth and extreme weather events, developing countries are the worst hit in meeting the food demands of their people, with millions unable to access adequate and nutritionally balanced food. Crop production must be increased by 70% to keep up with the food demands of a rapidly growing population, which is expected to rise to 9.6 billion by 2050. Legumes are ideal food crops to increase agricultural productivity and achieve sustainable development goals. Cowpea, a warm-season grain legume, is often categorized as a neglected crop with immense scope for genetic improvement through proper breeding strategies. A multi-year field experiment of induced mutagenesis was conducted to increase seed yield and genetic variability in the agro-economic traits of two cowpea varieties treated with different doses of gamma (γ) rays and sodium azide (SA). The study was also aimed to optimize different doses of γ rays and SA employed individually and in combinations. Quantitative trait analysis revealed a maximum increase in seed yield from M2 to M3 generation. Among the 10 quantitative traits studied, seeds per pod and seed weight positively correlated with a major direct impact on yield. An extensive phenotypic selection cycle from M2-M4 generations resulted in isolating new high-yielding and nutrient-dense mutant lines. Such high-yielding biofortified mutant lines with enhanced genetic variability could serve as a donor of elite genes and represent a valuable genetic resource for improving low-yielding warm-season grain legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Raina
- Mutation Breeding Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- Botany Section, Women's College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | | | - Mohammad Rafiq Wani
- Department of Botany, Abdul Ahad Azad Memorial Degree College Bemina, Cluster University Srinagar, Srinagar, India
| | - Basit Latief Jan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Mutation Breeding Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Feiner A, Pitra N, Matthews P, Pillen K, Wessjohann LA, Riewe D. Downy mildew resistance is genetically mediated by prophylactic production of phenylpropanoids in hop. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:323-338. [PMID: 33037636 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Downy mildew in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is caused by Pseudoperonospora humuli and generates significant losses in quality and yield. To identify the biochemical processes that confer natural downy mildew resistance (DMR), a metabolome- and genome-wide association study was performed. Inoculation of a high density genotyped F1 hop population (n = 192) with the obligate biotrophic oomycete P. humuli led to variation in both the levels of thousands of specialized metabolites and DMR. We observed that metabolites of almost all major phytochemical classes were induced 48 hr after inoculation. But only a small number of metabolites were found to be correlated with DMR and these were enriched with phenylpropanoids. These metabolites were also correlated with DMR when measured from the non-infected control set. A genome-wide association study revealed co-localization of the major DMR loci and the phenylpropanoid pathway markers indicating that the major contribution to resistance is mediated by these metabolites in a heritable manner. The application of three putative prophylactic phenylpropanoids led to a reduced degree of leaf infection in susceptible genotypes, confirming their protective activity either directly or as precursors of active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Feiner
- Plant Science and Breeding, Simon H. Steiner, Hopfen GmbH, Mainburg, Germany
- Deptartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Nicholi Pitra
- Research and Development, S.S. Steiner, Inc., New York, USA
| | - Paul Matthews
- Research and Development, S.S. Steiner, Inc., New York, USA
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther University (MLU), Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Deptartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - David Riewe
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Berlin, Germany
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Mutagenic Effect of Three Ion Beams on Rice and Identification of Heritable Mutations by Whole Genome Sequencing. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050551. [PMID: 32357388 PMCID: PMC7284785 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High-energy ion beams are known to be an effective and unique type of physical mutagen in plants. However, no study on the mutagenic effect of argon (Ar) ion beam radiation on rice has been reported. Genome-wide studies on induced mutations are important to comprehend their characteristics for establishing knowledge-based protocols for mutation induction and breeding, which are still very limited in rice. The present study aimed to investigate the mutagenic effect of three ion beams, i.e., Ar, carbon (C) and neon (Ne) on rice and identify and characterize heritable induced mutations by the whole genome sequencing of six M4 plants. Dose-dependent damage effects were observed on M1 plants, which were developed from ion beam irradiated dry seeds of two indica (LH15, T23) and two japonica (DS551, DS48) rice lines. High frequencies of chlorophyll-deficient seedlings and male-sterile plants were observed in all M2 populations (up to ~30% on M1 plant basis); plants from the seeds of different panicles of a common M1 plant appeared to have different mutations; the whole genome-sequencing demonstrated that there were 236–453 mutations in each of the six M4 plants, including single base substitutions (SBSs) and small insertion/deletions (InDels), with the number of SBSs ~ 4–8 times greater than that of InDels; SBS and InDel mutations were distributed across different genomic regions of all 12 chromosomes, however, only a small number of mutations (0–6) were present in exonic regions that might have an impact on gene function. In summary, the present study demonstrates that Ar, C and Ne ion beam radiation are all effective for mutation induction in rice and has revealed at the genome level the characteristics of the mutations induced by the three ion beams. The findings are of importance to the efficient use of ion beam radiation for the generation and utilization of mutants in rice.
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