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Stojanović NM, Ranđelović PJ, Simonović M, Radić M, Todorović S, Corrigan M, Harkin A, Boylan F. Essential Oil Constituents as Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Agents: An Insight through Microglia Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5168. [PMID: 38791205 PMCID: PMC11121245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are key players in the brain's innate immune response, contributing to homeostatic and reparative functions but also to inflammatory and underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Targeting microglia and modulating their function may have therapeutic potential for mitigating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The anti-inflammatory properties of essential oils suggest that some of their components may be useful in regulating microglial function and microglial-associated neuroinflammation. This study, starting from the ethnopharmacological premises of the therapeutic benefits of aromatic plants, assessed the evidence for the essential oil modulation of microglia, investigating their potential pharmacological mechanisms. Current knowledge of the phytoconstituents, safety of essential oil components, and anti-inflammatory and potential neuroprotective effects were reviewed. This review encompasses essential oils of Thymus spp., Artemisia spp., Ziziphora clinopodioides, Valeriana jatamansi, Acorus spp., and others as well as some of their components including 1,8-cineole, β-caryophyllene, β-patchoulene, carvacrol, β-ionone, eugenol, geraniol, menthol, linalool, thymol, α-asarone, and α-thujone. Essential oils that target PPAR/PI3K-Akt/MAPK signalling pathways could supplement other approaches to modulate microglial-associated inflammation to treat neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in cases where reactive microglia play a part in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola M. Stojanović
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (N.M.S.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Pavle J. Ranđelović
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (N.M.S.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Maja Simonović
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
- University Clinical Centre Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (M.R.); (S.T.)
| | - Milica Radić
- University Clinical Centre Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (M.R.); (S.T.)
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Stefan Todorović
- University Clinical Centre Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (M.R.); (S.T.)
| | - Myles Corrigan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; (M.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Andrew Harkin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; (M.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Fabio Boylan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; (M.C.); (A.H.)
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI) and The Trinity Centre for Natural Product Research (NatPro), D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
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Maurya AK, Agnihotri VK. Valeriana jatamansi: Bioactive Compounds and their Medicinal Uses. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:757-796. [PMID: 38318825 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266273617240129042653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Valeriana jatamansi is a reputed perennial medicinal herb distributed throughout the world, where it is used in cytotoxicity, neuronal problems, insomnia, leishmania and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, antioxidant, antiviral and α-glucosidase inhibition activities. This review describes the current state of chemical characterization of isolated metabolites, which are well accepted for the treatment of various ailments in the indigenous system of medicine. This comprehensive review covers previously published research articles and reviews up to 2023 with an emphasis on the structural characterization of isolated bioactive compounds using different analytical techniques. Furthermore, the present review also focuses on the detailed medicinal and pharmacological properties of isolated compounds from this threatened herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antim K Maurya
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (Himachal Pradesh), 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - Vijai K Agnihotri
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (Himachal Pradesh), 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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3
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Gautam RD, Kumar A, Singh S, Chauhan R, Kumar A, Singh S. A comprehensive overview of breeding strategy to improve phenotypic and quality traits in Valeriana jatamansi Jones. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18294. [PMID: 37560641 PMCID: PMC10407054 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Valeriana jatamansi is a high value perennial herb that grows at an altitude of 1000-3000 MASL in the Indian Himalayan Region and is used in the Ayurvedic, Unani and Chinese systems of medicine. The plant extracts and essential oil (EO) obtained from its roots are used in the pharmaceutical, aromatic and flavouring industries. On account of high global annual demand and lack of organized cultivation of this herb, it is mostly collected from the wild causing depletion of the natural populations and also leading to variable produce making it unsuitable for industrial use. Therefore, to promote its cultivation, it becomes imperative to develop varieties with uniformity. Significant variations have been reported in V. jatamansi populations in terms of underground biomass accumulation, essential oil and valepotriates indicating potential of genotypic variability for effective selection. The review focuses on the diversity and variations at inter- and intra-population levels for phenotypic traits, variations for different active constituents and scope of improvement through selective breeding in V. jatamansi. The species has cross-pollinated breeding behaviour on account of floral dimorphism and presents unique opportunities for development of homozygous progeny lines through controlled self/sib-pollination by applying the breeding methods described in the review for population improvement. The germplasm resources of unique and improved selections can be maintained clonally to ensure their true-to-type identity. This review article was framed in the year 2022 after thoroughly studying the literature from the year 1919-2022. The study focuses on the variations in V. jatamansi which could be used to maximize the production through various breeding techniques for biomass and yield of different active constituents to meet the requirements of pharmaceutical and aroma industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Dev Gautam
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Kangra (H.P), India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Kangra (H.P), India
| | - Satbeer Singh
- Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Kangra (H.P), India
| | - Ramesh Chauhan
- Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Kangra (H.P), India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Kangra (H.P), India
| | - Sanatsujat Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Kangra (H.P), India
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Vasilieva AR, Slynko NM, Tatarova LE, Efimov VM, Kuibida LV, Asbaganov SV, Peltek SE. A GC-MS Chemotaxonomic Study on Lipophilic Compounds in the Bark of S. aucuparia subsp. sibirica Trees from the Population Growing in Akademgorodok, Novosibirsk (Russia). Metabolites 2023; 13:768. [PMID: 37367925 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Determination of chemotypes and of their role in the polymorphism of populations is an important field in the research on secondary metabolites of plants. In the present study, by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, the composition of bark extracts from rowan S. aucuparia subsp. sibirica was determined for 16 trees growing within Akademgorodok of Novosibirsk, with bark samples collected both in winter and summer. Among 101 fully or partially identified metabolites, there are alkanes, alkenes, linear alcohols, fatty acids and their derivatives, phenols and their derivatives, prunasin and its parent and derivative compounds, polyprenes and their derivatives, cyclic diterpenes, and phytosterols. These compounds were grouped according to their biosynthesis pathways. Cluster analysis revealed two groups among the bark samples collected in winter and three groups among bark samples collected in summer. The key determinants of this clustering are the biosynthesis of metabolites via the cyanogenic pathway (especially potentially toxic prunasin) and their formation via the phytosterol pathway (especially potentially pharmacologically useful lupeol). It follows from the results that the presence of chemotypes having sharply different profiles of metabolites in a population from a small geographic area invalidates the practice of general sampling to obtain averaged data when a population is described. From the standpoint of possible industrial use or plant selection based on metabolomic data, it is possible to select specific sets of samples containing a minimal amount of potentially toxic compounds and the largest amount of potentially useful substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asya R Vasilieva
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center, Federal Research Center ICG, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay M Slynko
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center, Federal Research Center ICG, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ljudmila E Tatarova
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center, Federal Research Center ICG, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vadim M Efimov
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Leonid V Kuibida
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Sergey E Peltek
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center, Federal Research Center ICG, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Chemical Variation and Environmental Influence on Essential Oil of Cinnamomum camphora. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030973. [PMID: 36770639 PMCID: PMC9919661 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum camphora is a traditional aromatic plant used to produce linalool and borneol flavors in southern China; however, its leaves also contain many other unutilized essential oils. Herein, we report geographic relationships for the yield and compositional diversity of C. camphora essential oils. The essential oils of 974 individual trees from 35 populations in 13 provinces were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection, respectively. Oil yields ranged from 0.01% to 3.46%, with a significantly positive correlation with latitude and a significantly negative correlation with longitude. In total, 41 compounds were identified, including 15 monoterpenoids, 24 sesquiterpenoids, and two phenylpropanoids. Essential oil compositions varied significantly among individuals and could be categorized into various chemotypes. The six main chemotypes were eucalyptol, nerolidol, camphor, linalool, selina, and mixed types. The other 17 individual plants were chemotypically rare and exhibited high levels of methyl isoeugenol, methyl eugenol, δ-selinene, or borneol. Eucalyptol-type plants had the highest average oil yield of 1.64%, followed in decreasing order by linalool-, camphor-, mixed-, selina-, and nerolidol-type plants. In addition, the five main compounds exhibited a clear geographic gradient. Eucalyptol and linalool showed a significantly positive correlation with latitude, while selina-6-en-4-ol was significantly and negatively correlated with latitude. trans-Nerolidol and selina-6-en-4-ol showed significantly positive correlations with longitude, whereas camphor was significantly and negatively correlated with longitude. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that environmental factors could strong effect the oil yield and essential oil profile of C. camphora.
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Meng Y, Du Q, Du H, Wang Q, Wang L, Du L, Liu P. Analysis of chemotypes and their markers in leaves of core collections of Eucommia ulmoides using metabolomics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1029907. [PMID: 36699853 PMCID: PMC9868706 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1029907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of Eucommia ulmoides contain various active compunds and nutritional components, and have successively been included as raw materials in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the Health Food Raw Material Catalogue, and the Feed Raw Material Catalogue. Core collections of E. ulmoides had been constructed from the conserved germplasm resources basing on molecular markers and morphological traits, however, the metabolite diversity and variation in this core population were little understood. Metabolite profiles of E. ulmoides leaves of 193 core collections were comprehensively characterized by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS based non-targeted metabolomics in present study. Totally 1,100 metabolites were identified and that belonged to 18 categories, and contained 120 active ingredients for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and 85 disease-resistant metabolites. Four leaf chemotypes of the core collections were established by integrated uses of unsupervised self-organizing map (SOM), supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and random forest (RF) statistical methods, 30, 23, 43, and 23 chemomarkers were screened corresponding to the four chemotypes, respectively. The morphological markers for the chemotypes were obtained by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) between the chenomarkers and the morphological traits, with leaf length (LL), chlorophyll reference value (CRV), leaf dentate height (LDH), and leaf thickness (LT) corresponding to chemotypes I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Contents of quercetin-3-O-pentosidine, isoquercitrin were closely correlated to LL, leaf area (LA), and leaf perimeter (LP), suggesting the quercetin derivatives might influence the growth and development of E. ulmoides leaf shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yide Meng
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingxin Du
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Du
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lanying Du
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Panfeng Liu
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-timber Forest Germplasm Enhancement & Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou, China
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7
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Sang CY, Zheng YD, Ma LM, Wang K, Wang CB, Chai T, Eshbakova KA, Yang JL. Potential Anti-Tumor Activity of Nardoguaianone L Isolated from Nardostachys jatamansi DC. in SW1990 Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217490. [PMID: 36364317 PMCID: PMC9656649 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) were a rich source of diverse bioactive molecules. Most anti-tumor agents were built on natural scaffolds. Nardostachys jatamansi DC. was an important plant used to process the traditional Chinese herbal medicines “gansong”. Pancreatic cancer was the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. Hence, there was an urgent need to develop novel agents for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In this paper, nardoguaianone L (G-6) is isolated from N. jatamansi, which inhibited SW1990 cells colony formation and cell migration, and induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we analyzed the differential expression proteins after treatment with G-6 in SW1990 cells by using iTRAQ/TMT-based quantitative proteomics technology, and the results showed that G-6 regulated 143 proteins’ differential expression by GO annotation, including biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. Meanwhile, KEGG enrichment found that with Human T-cell leukemia virus, one infection was the most highly enhanced pathway. Furthermore, the MET/PTEN/TGF-β pathway was identified as a significant pathway that had important biological functions, including cell migration and motility by PPI network analysis in SW1990 cells. Taken together, our study found that G-6 is a potential anti-pancreatic cancer agent with regulation of MET/PTEN/TGF-β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Sang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yi-Dan Zheng
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Li-Mei Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
- Beijing Research Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
- Beijing Research Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng-Bo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tian Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Komila A. Eshbakova
- S. Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
| | - Jun-Li Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
- Correspondence:
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Feng YX, Lu XX, Du YS, Zhang JW, Almaz B, Zeng D, Du SS. Synergized potential, insecticidal and repellent activity of essential oils from two Rhododendron species against three stored product insects. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2022.2118879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xi Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Xin Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Shen Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Wei Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Borjigidai Almaz
- Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Zeng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Shan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Spectrum-Efficacy Relationships between GC-MS Fingerprints of Essential Oil from Valerianae Jatamansi Rhizoma et Radix and the Efficacy of Inhibiting Microglial Activation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9972902. [PMID: 35295929 PMCID: PMC8920623 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9972902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The bioactive ingredients of essential oil from Valerianae Jatamansi Rhizoma et Radix (the Rhizome et Radix from Valerianae Jatamansi Jones) (EOVJRR) on the efficacy of inhibiting microglial activation were investigated with the approach of spectrum-efficacy relationship. Fourteen batches of Valerianae Jatamansi Rhizoma et Radix were extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their activities in the efficacy of inhibiting microglial activation were assayed by measuring the inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in microglia cells from mice. The spectrum-efficacy relationships between fingerprints and the efficacy of inhibiting microglial activation of EOVJRR were established by grey relational analysis (GRA). Twenty common peaks were obtained from the GC-MS fingerprints of EOVJRR. P12 (vetivenol), P1 (bornyl acetate), P5 (seychellene), and P3 (β-elemene) indicated inhibition on microglia activation together, according to the spectrum-efficacy relationships. The current results established a general model for the spectrum-efficacy relationships of EOVJRR by GC-MS and the efficacy of inhibiting microglial activation, which could be applied to identify the bioactive ingredient and control the quality of herbs.
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Lautié E, Russo O, Ducrot P, Boutin JA. Unraveling Plant Natural Chemical Diversity for Drug Discovery Purposes. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:397. [PMID: 32317969 PMCID: PMC7154113 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The screening and testing of extracts against a variety of pharmacological targets in order to benefit from the immense natural chemical diversity is a concern in many laboratories worldwide. And several successes have been recorded in finding new actives in natural products, some of which have become new drugs or new sources of inspiration for drugs. But in view of the vast amount of research on the subject, it is surprising that not more drug candidates were found. In our view, it is fundamental to reflect upon the approaches of such drug discovery programs and the technical processes that are used, along with their inherent difficulties and biases. Based on an extensive survey of recent publications, we discuss the origin and the variety of natural chemical diversity as well as the strategies to having the potential to embrace this diversity. It seemed to us that some of the difficulties of the area could be related with the technical approaches that are used, so the present review begins with synthetizing some of the more used discovery strategies, exemplifying some key points, in order to address some of their limitations. It appears that one of the challenges of natural product-based drug discovery programs should be an easier access to renewable sources of plant-derived products. Maximizing the use of the data together with the exploration of chemical diversity while working on reasonable supply of natural product-based entities could be a way to answer this challenge. We suggested alternative ways to access and explore part of this chemical diversity with in vitro cultures. We also reinforced how important it was organizing and making available this worldwide knowledge in an "inventory" of natural products and their sources. And finally, we focused on strategies based on synthetic biology and syntheses that allow reaching industrial scale supply. Approaches based on the opportunities lying in untapped natural plant chemical diversity are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Lautié
- Centro de Valorização de Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia (CVACBA)-Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Olivier Russo
- Institut de Recherches Internationales SERVIER, Suresnes, France
| | - Pierre Ducrot
- Molecular Modelling Department, 'PEX Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Institut de Recherches Internationales SERVIER, Suresnes, France
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Metabolic Profiling of Varronia curassavica Jacq. Terpenoids by Flow Modulated Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. SEPARATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/separations7010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a metabolomic approach was used to investigate the effect of seasonality on the chemical composition and yield of anti-inflammatory active principle, α-humulene, in the essential oil of three genotypes of Varronia curassavica Jacq. (Syn. Cordia verbenaceae). The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS). The GC×GC approach a three-fold improvement in qualitative analysis (48 compounds were identified by GC-MS versus 135 by GC×GC-MS). The improved resolving power of GC×GC resolved important coelutions and enabled the detection of unusual substances in V. curassavica essential oil. The chromatographic data was analyzed by using peak table-based chemometrics, namely, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The metabolic study showed that seasonality has a significant effect on the chemical composition. The α-humulene content was affected by genotype and season. Spring and summer were the best harvest seasons for the yield of the active ingredient, found in higher concentrations in the VC2 genotype. The proposed metabolomic workflow was successfully applied to terpene analysis found in V. curassavica essential oil, and such results have broadened our understanding of the influence of seasonal factors on the specialized metabolism of the species.
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Feng YX, Wang Y, Geng ZF, Zhang D, Almaz B, Du SS. Contact toxicity and repellent efficacy of Valerianaceae spp. to three stored-product insects and synergistic interactions between two major compounds camphene and bornyl acetate. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110106. [PMID: 31877546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the essential oil (EO) and supercritical CO2 fluid extract (SF extract) of four Valerianaceae plants (Valeriana officinalis L., Valeriana officinalis L. var. latifolia Miq., Valeriana jatamansi Jones and Nardostachys chinensis Bat.) were chemically characterized. GC-MS analysis identified 74 compounds, representing 35.2%-82.4% of the total EOs and SF extracts. The EO was dominated by low-molecular-weight components while the SF extract was rich in fatty acids. Bornyl acetate and camphene were the characteristic compounds in EO and SF extracts. The efficacy of six extracts against three stored-product insects was investigated. In contact assays, V. officinalis exhibited strongest toxicity to red flour beetle (LD50 = 10.0 μg/adult), and V. jatamansi EO was the most active one against the cigarette beetle (LD50 = 17.6 μg/adult), while V. officinalis var. latifolia EO showed outstanding efficacy against the booklouse (LD50 = 40.2 μg/cm2). Binary mixtures of two major compounds (camphene and bornyl acetate) were assessed for the contact toxicity to the red flour beetle. Additive effect existed in the natural proportion of V. officinalis, and synergism was observed in that of V. officinalis var. latifolia. This work confirmed the insecticidal efficacy of the species of the Valerianaceae family, and it would offer some information for the development of botanical insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xi Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhu-Feng Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Borjigidai Almaz
- Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Shu-Shan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Alam A, Majumdar RS, Alam P. Systematics Evaluations of Morphological Traits, Chemical Composition, and Antimicrobial Properties of Selected Varieties of Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19892688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Elettaria cardamomum is cultivated in the Southern part of India showed great extinct of differences in their morphotypes and chemical compositions. In the present study, we have selected three varieties of Elettaria cardamomum “Valley Green, Palakuzhi, and ICRI”, to analyze the morphological perturbations, chemical compositions, and antimicrobial activities. The differences in the morphological character of cardamom varieties (Valley Green, Palakuzhi, and ICRI) were carried out on the basis of panicles, capsules shape, plant height, tiller, and seeds per capsule. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oils resulted in the identification of 27, 29, 30 compounds representing over 97.4%, 95.2%, and 98.8% of the Valley Green (VG), Palakuzhi (PAL), and ICRI fruit oils respectively. Monoterpene, α-terpinyl acetate varied from 35.4 to 47.5%, a major constituent while 1,8-cineole (22.8% to 27.4%) observed the second major compounds revealed in oils of these cultivars. Further, the antimicrobial activities of each essential oils were performed against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger. The maximum inhibition percentage against the microbes was observed in Valley Green essential oil as compared to oils of other varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Rita Singh Majumdar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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