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Hacib H, Lakache Z, Aliboudhar H, Laassami A, Tounssi H, Hamil S, Kameli A. Chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the essential oils extracted from Citrus sinensis peels by hydrodistillation and microwave methods. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-31526-0. [PMID: 38159180 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The present study is devoted to evaluate in vitro the chemical composition and the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of essential oils (Eo) extracted by hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave (MW) from the plant peels of Citrus sinensis. The extraction provided yields of 0.26% and 0.02%, respectively. The essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS whose major component is limonene that has a remarkable percentage (78.192% and 58.6%, respectively) for the essential oil extracted by HD and MW. The results of the antioxidant potential were noticeable in each of the essential oils with a higher priority to that extracted by hydrodistillation. The evaluation of the antioxidant power by the free radical scavenging method (DPPH) showed that the essential oils studied have good antioxidant activity, especially for the oil extracted by HD having presented an IC50 of (13.07 ± 0.169) mg/ml, while BHT and ascorbic acid showed very potent and effective anti-free radical activity with IC50 of the order of (19.54 ± 0.32) µg/ml and (1.17 ± 0.05) µg/ml respectively. According to the β-carotene/linoleic acid test, the oxidation of β-carotene was effectively inhibited by the two essential oils of Citrus sinensis peels with a percentage of inhibition of (56.46 ± 0.76) % and (31.39 ± 1.49) % respectively for HD and MW. Eo extracted by HD is more active than ascorbic acid (15.43%). In the antibacterial test, the activity was evaluated by the disc-diffusion method, the two types of sweet orange essential oils inhibited the growth of five bacterial strains out of six: The best activity was obtained against E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Agrobacterium with a diameter of the zone of inhibition between 70 and 84 mm, with the exception of the strain of Bacillus subtilis, there is no zone of inhibition has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinda Hacib
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Natural Substances, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba Bachir El Ibrahimi, B.P. 92, 6050, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Zineb Lakache
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Natural Substances, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba Bachir El Ibrahimi, B.P. 92, 6050, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hamza Aliboudhar
- USTHB, Laboratory of Functional Organic Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Bab El-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Affaf Laassami
- La Laboratory of Biology Systems Microbial (LBSM), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba Bachir El Ibrahimi, B.P. 92, 6050, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hassina Tounssi
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Natural Substances, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba Bachir El Ibrahimi, B.P. 92, 6050, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Somia Hamil
- Laboratory of Eco-Biology Animals (L.E.B.A.), École Normale Supérieure de Kouba Bachir El Ibrahimi, B.P. 92, 6050, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Abdelkrim Kameli
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Natural Substances, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba Bachir El Ibrahimi, B.P. 92, 6050, Algiers, Algeria
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Kwanga SN, Djuffo DT, Boum AT, Anoh FA, Dongmo PMJ. Effect of Solid-State Fermentation on the Essential Oil Yield of Curcuma longa Residues. Waste Biomass Valorization 2022; 13:4565-4573. [PMID: 35669697 PMCID: PMC9150767 DOI: 10.1007/s12649-022-01817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The solid waste of Curcuma longa rhizomes generated after its cold juice process making is mostly unused and discarded even though they can contain essential oil. Conventional techniques such as hydrodistillation can be used to extract essential oil, but this generally results in low essential oil yield and inefficient extraction time. Solid-state fermentation as a pretreatment of distillation could improve the yield of essential oil. In this study, we evaluated the effect of solid state fermentation on the yield of extraction of Curcuma longa solid wastes essential oil. The solid-state fermentation was carried out naturally without any addition of inoculum and the extraction was performed by hydrodistillation. Under experimental conditions at room temperature ( 25 ∘ C ) with a moisture content of 44% and anaerobically in the dark, the treatment of 7 days of solid state fermentation followed by 2 h of hydrodistillation provided the highest yield of 1.21% as compared to non-fermented of 0.35% and of 0.96% relative to the raw plant material representing an increase of 71% and 21% respectively. A set of experiments was then carried out by a Doehlert matrix to optimize the yield of extraction. Two independent variables, namely the distillation time and the fermentation time, were studied. Under optimal experimental conditions of 10 days and 4 h, a yield of 1.96% was obtained validating the statistical model. The solid state fermentation applied before the hydrodistillation step has been successful and proves its potential to improve the efficiency of essential oil extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Felix Adje Anoh
- Laboratory of Industrial Processes, Synthesis, Environment and New Energies, National Polytechnic Institute of Houphouët Boigny, 1093 Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast
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Rebelo RA, Tizziani T, Begnini IM, Crestani I, Dognini J, de Gasper AL, Mendes de Cordova CM, Dos Santos L, Hochheim S, Baldovini N. Essential oils from leaves of Vernonanthura montevidensis (Spreng.) H. Rob.: chemical profile and antimollicute potential. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:2393-2398. [PMID: 33050713 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1831491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to valorise the Atlantic Rainforest biodiversity in Santa Catarina, the chemical characterisation of the essential oils (EOs) from leaves of Vernonanthura montevidensis (Spreng.) H. Rob. is described for the first time. Fresh leaves collected in the year 2014 and 2015, were submitted to hydrodistillation to give pale blue EOs in yields of 0.21 and 0.19%, respectively. The EOs were characterised by GC-MS and GC-FID semi- and quantitative methods. The monoterpene β-pinene was the major constituent in both samples reaching a maximum of 26.3%. The monoterpene α-pinene and the sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene, were also among the major constituents in both samples. By means of the extracted ion chromatogram procedure, it was possible to detect chamazulene, which was associated with the pale blue colour of the essential oils. In the in vitro antimollicute assays, the essential oil was moderately active against Mycoplasma genitalium and M. pneumoniae with MIC values of 250 µg mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiago Tizziani
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Regional de Blumenau-FURB, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Iêda Maria Begnini
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Regional de Blumenau-FURB, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sabrina Hochheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, FURB, SC, Brazil Blumenau
| | - Nicolas Baldovini
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophie Antipolis, Valrose, Nice, France
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Reboleira J, Félix R, Vicente TFL, Januário AP, Félix C, de Melo MMR, Silva CM, Ribeiro AC, Saraiva JA, Bandarra NM, Sapatinha M, Paulo MC, Coutinho J, Lemos MFL. Uncovering the Bioactivity of Aurantiochytrium sp.: a Comparison of Extraction Methodologies. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2022; 24:40-54. [PMID: 34855032 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10085-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aurantiochytrium sp. is an emerging alternative source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and squalene, playing an important role in the phasing out of traditional fish sources for these compounds. Novel lipid extraction techniques with a focus on sustainability and low environmental footprint are being developed for this organism, but the exploration of other added-value compounds within it is still very limited. In this work, a combination of novel green extraction techniques (high hydrostatic pressure extraction (HPE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)) and traditional techniques (organic solvent Soxhlet extraction and hydrodistillation (HD)) was used to obtain lipophilic extracts of Aurantiochytrium sp., which were then screened for antioxidant (DPPH radical reduction capacity and ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assays), lipid oxidation protection, antimicrobial, anti-aging enzyme inhibition (collagenase, elastase and hyaluronidase), and anti-inflammatory (inhibition of NO production) activities. The screening revealed promising extracts in nearly all categories of biological activity tested, with only the enzymatic inhibition being low in all extracts. Powerful lipid oxidation protection and anti-inflammatory activity were observed in most SFE samples. Ethanolic HPEs inhibited both lipid oxidation reactions and microbial growth. The HD extract demonstrated high antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities making, it a major contender for further studies aiming at the valorization of Aurantiochytrium sp. Taken together, this study presents compelling evidence of the bioactive potential of Aurantiochytrium sp. and encourages further exploration of its composition and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Reboleira
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641, Peniche, Portugal.
- Edifício CETEMARES, Avenida Do Porto de Pesca, 2520-630, Peniche, Portugal.
| | - Rafael Félix
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Tânia F L Vicente
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Adriana P Januário
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Carina Félix
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Marcelo M R de Melo
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Silva
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana C Ribeiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge A Saraiva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Narcisa M Bandarra
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 1495-006, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Sapatinha
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 1495-006, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria C Paulo
- DEPSIEXTRACTA Tecnologias E Biológicas, Lda, Zona Industrial do Monte da Barca rua H, lote 62, 2100-057, Coruche, Portugal
| | - Joana Coutinho
- DEPSIEXTRACTA Tecnologias E Biológicas, Lda, Zona Industrial do Monte da Barca rua H, lote 62, 2100-057, Coruche, Portugal
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641, Peniche, Portugal.
- Edifício CETEMARES, Avenida Do Porto de Pesca, 2520-630, Peniche, Portugal.
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Mahmoud E, Starowicz M, Ciska E, Topolska J, Farouk A. Determination of volatiles, antioxidant activity, and polyphenol content in the postharvest waste of Ocimum basilicum L. Food Chem 2021; 375:131692. [PMID: 34865924 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of postharvest wastes is an integral part of the food value chain. Therefore, Ocimum basilicum L. residues were dried in an oven and a microwave. Volatiles were extracted using hydrodistillation, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and then analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty volatiles were identified in raw material, with β-linalool, methyleugenol, methylcinnamate, and estragole predominating. Meanwhile, 24 and 18 volatiles were detected in the oven- and microwave-dried samples, with a significant decrease of methyleugenol content. The highest radical scavenging ability and total phenolic content were achieved for microwaved wastes using photochemiluminescence, DPPH, and Folin-Ciocalteu test. Moreover, 8 phenolic acids and 9 flavonoids were identified in the LC-MS/MS analysis, with significant contents of rosmarinic acid and luteolin (1042.45 and 11.68 µg/g of dry matter, respectively) in the microwaved basil. This experiment pointed out that microwaved basil wastes could be re-used in the food, pharmacy and/or cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy Mahmoud
- Flavour and Aroma Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Małgorzata Starowicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, 10 Tuwima Street, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ewa Ciska
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, 10 Tuwima Street, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Topolska
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, 10 Tuwima Street, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Amr Farouk
- Flavour and Aroma Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Lainez-Cerón E, Jiménez-Munguía MT, López-Malo A, Ramírez-Corona N. Effect of process variables on heating profiles and extraction mechanisms during hydrodistillation of eucalyptus essential oil. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08234. [PMID: 34754975 PMCID: PMC8564561 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of different process variables, such as solid/liquid ratio (1: 1, 1: 3, or 1: 5 g/ml) and stirring speeds (0, 200, or 400 rpm), was studied on the extraction mechanisms of eucalyptus essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation (HD). Different performance parameters such as obtained yield, energy requirements, and environmental impact were compared to those obtained by steam distillation (SD). Two different mathematical models were used to describe the process behavior. The obtained results indicate that the system with a solid/liquid ratio of 1:5 g/ml using a stirring speed of 400 rpm yielded maximum for HD (1.19% ± 0.01%). The environmental impact expressed as Ecopoints (EI99) ranged between 50.87 ± 13.18 and 78.17 ± 13.82 mPT/g essential oil (EO) for systems with steam injection, whereas for HD took values between 16.9 ± 0.3 and 19.24 ± 1.4 mPT/g EO at optimal operating conditions. The model parameters allowed us to identify that large amounts of steam at lower heating velocities induce a high accumulation of EO in the aqueous layer (vapor-liquid equilibrium at the interface), favoring the extraction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Lainez-Cerón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Alimentos y Ambiental, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, 72810, Mexico
| | - María Teresa Jiménez-Munguía
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Alimentos y Ambiental, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, 72810, Mexico
| | - Aurelio López-Malo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Alimentos y Ambiental, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, 72810, Mexico
| | - Nelly Ramírez-Corona
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Alimentos y Ambiental, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, 72810, Mexico
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Narayanankutty A, Sasidharan A, Job JT, Rajagopal R, Alfarhan A, Kim YO, Kim HJ. Mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) rhizome essential oils as source of environmental friendly biocides: Comparison of the chemical composition, antibacterial, insecticidal and larvicidal properties of essential oils extracted by different methods. Environ Res 2021; 202:111718. [PMID: 34297936 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The essential oil isolated from plants is widely utilized as eco-friendly biocides and antibacterial agents. Curcuma amada, commonly known as mango ginger, is well-known for its applications in the food and aromatics industry for its significant mango-like aroma. The present study compared the different C. amada essential oils prepared by hydrodistillation (CHD), steam distillation (CSD), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), for their chemical composition, antibacterial, larvicidal and insecticidal properties. GC/MS analysis indicated the presence of compounds including α-pinene, β-myrcene, p-cymene, (Z)-β-ocimene, Camphor, linalyl acetate, safrole, ar-curcumene, and β-curcumene in the different C. amada essential oils. The antibacterial activity was observed against different strains of microbes, with a higher efficacy in the essential oils prepared by UAE and MAE methods. Apart from these, the MAE, UAE, CSD, and CHD were also shown to have significantly higher larvicidal activity against Aedes, Culex, and Armigeres species; however, no toxic effect was observed in non-targeted species like fishes and Allium cepa model of genotoxicity. Further, these essential oils were also found to have significant contact and fumigant toxicity as well as repellency against pests of stored grains (Sitophilus and Tribolium). Considering these results, the present study assumes that Curcuma amada essential oils may be a source of ecofriendly insecticides and antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut, Kerala, India.
| | - Anju Sasidharan
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Joice Tom Job
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Rajakrishnan Rajagopal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Young Ock Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jae Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
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Borah S, Sarkar P, Sharma HK. Analysing Curcuma caesia fractions and essential oil for neuroprotective potential against anxiety, depression, and amnesia. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:240. [PMID: 33968583 PMCID: PMC8076375 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02793-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific pieces of evidence support the pharmacological activity of Curcuma caesia for its antidepressant, analgesic, anticonvulsant and antioxidant effect. Here, we evaluate the bioactivity of essential oil and the various polarity-based solvent partitioned fractions obtained from Curcuma caesia for anti-amnesia, anxiolytic and antidepressant activities using Elevated plus maze and Morris water maze models. The cold maceration technique using methanol was adopted for extraction from dried powdered rhizomes and essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation method. Partitioning of the methanolic extract based on solvent polarity by hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol was continued, followed by column chromatography of the ethyl acetate fraction. Suspensions were prepared for fractions (dissolved in distilled water) and essential oil (dissolved in tween 20) at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg after acute toxicity study and were orally administered to Wistar albino female rats after the orientation of hypoxia by sodium nitrite (50 mg/kg) and amnesia by scopolamine (1 mg/kg). Behavioural observations, biochemical and histopathological examinations were carried out for all the treated groups. Diazepam (12 mg/kg) and galantamine (3 mg/kg) were used as standard drugs for this study against hypoxia and amnesia. Data acquired from behavioural, biochemical (acetylcholinesterase, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, catalase) and histopathological studies have illustrated that fraction II acquires highly significant memory-enhancing, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Rest fractions (I and III) and essential oil showed moderate efficacy. In prospects, identification of active molecules from the most active fraction (fraction II) and further studies on a molecular basis would substantiate its specific mechanism of neuroprotective action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshana Borah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India
| | - Priyanka Sarkar
- DBT Wellcome Lab, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hemanta Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India
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Řebíčková K, Bajer T, Šilha D, Ventura K, Bajerová P. Comparison of Chemical Composition and Biological Properties of Essential Oils Obtained by Hydrodistillation and Steam Distillation of Laurus nobilis L. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2020; 75:495-504. [PMID: 32710382 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-020-00834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the yield, chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of essential oils isolated from leaves of Laurus nobilis L. by two different distillation methods. The essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation (HD) and steam distillation (SD) were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Hydrodistillation produced a yield of 0.95 ± 0.06% which is slightly higher than yield obtained by steam distillation 0.79 ± 0.07%. Seventy three compounds in the bay leaves oil obtained by steam distillation were identified while in essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation were identified only 54 compounds. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method. Antimicrobial activity of obtained essential oils was evaluated by disc diffusion method in comparison with several chosen antimicrobials. The antimicrobial activity was tested on five microorganisms - Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. In general, oils produced by steam distillation had higher antimicrobial and antioxidant activities than hydrodistillation extracts. It seems that hydrodistillation is better for higher yield while steam distillation is better to use for more quality oils with stronger biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Řebíčková
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Bajer
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - David Šilha
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Ventura
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Bajerová
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Giuliani C, Bottoni M, Ascrizzi R, Santagostini L, Papini A, Flamini G, Fico G. A novel study approach on Scutellaria altissima L. cultivated at the Ghirardi Botanic Garden (Lombardy, Italy). Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2020; 22:1013-1021. [PMID: 32772473 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Within an Open Science project, research was carried out to describe to the public of the Ghirardi Botanic Garden (BS, Lombardy, Italy) the invisible features of plants. This work is dedicated to Scutellaria altissima L. (Lamiaceae). Micromorphological, histochemical and phytochemical investigations were conducted on the vegetative and reproductive organs to correlate the structures involved in the emission of substances and their unique productivity. This work reports volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles of leaves and flowers and the composition of essential oil (EO) obtained from aerial parts of plants cultivated in Italy that have never been described before. Three morphotypes of glandular trichomes were observed: peltate, short-stalked capitate and long-stalked capitate. Peltate trichomes were the main producers of terpenes, short-stalked capitates of polysaccharides and long-stalked capitates of terpenes and polyphenols. The leaf VOC profile showed heterogeneous composition, with non-terpene derivatives as the major chemical class (71.04%), while monoterpene hydrocarbons represented almost the totality of the flower (99.73%). The leaf presented a higher number of total (37 versus 11) and exclusive (33 versus 7) compounds. (Z)-3-Hexenol acetate was most abundant in the leaf and (E)-β-ocimene in the flower. Four common compounds were detected: β-pinene, β-caryophyllene, γ-muurolene and germacrene-D. The EO contaied 21 compounds, dominated by β-caryophyllene, linalool and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone. This research allowed us to correlate morphotypes of the secretory structures with the production of secondary metabolites, with the aim of providing the public of the Ghirardi Botanic Garden with a dedicated iconographic approach, which accounts for olfactory perception linked to S. altissima.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Giuliani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghirardi Botanic Garden, University of Milan, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Bottoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghirardi Botanic Garden, University of Milan, Brescia, Italy
| | - R Ascrizzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Santagostini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Papini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - G Flamini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Fico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghirardi Botanic Garden, University of Milan, Brescia, Italy
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11
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Morsy NFS, Hammad KSM. Extraction of essential oil from methyl cinnamate basil ( Ocimum canum Sims) with high yield in a short time using enzyme pretreatment. J Food Sci Technol 2021; 58:2599-605. [PMID: 34194095 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of viscozyme pre-treatment followed by hydrodistillation (E-HD) on extraction yield, extraction time and quality of methyl cinnamate basil (O. canum) oil. The viscozyme, as a multienzyme acting on cell wall, was used at different concentrations (0.5% and 1%, v/w) for 30, 60 and 90 min at 50 °C and pH 5 before hydrodistillation (HD). Oxygenated monoterpenes/monoterpene hydrocarbons ratio was used as a quality index for the obtained essential oil. Enzymatic pretreatment at 1% enzyme concentration for 90 min followed by HD increased yield of essential oil by 44.5% with high quality index and decreased HD time from 180 to 30 min. Thirty-nine volatile compounds, comprising > 99% of the essential oil were identified and quantified by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrum (GC-MS). The major components of essential oil were (E)-methyl cinnamate, camphor, trans-β-caryophyllene and 1,8-cineole. Results confirm the effectiveness of the enzyme pretreatment, which enhance extraction of O. canum essential oil in a short time, with a high quality.
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12
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Menegazzo RF, Bortolucci WDC, de Oliveira HLM, Menegazzo AW, Gonçalves JE, Fernandez CMM, Gazim ZC, Lopes AD. Chemical composition of Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt var. purpurea Boom (Commelinaceae) essential oil. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:396-400. [PMID: 32419482 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1765341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tradescantia pallida is a herbaceous plant with promising compounds in its composition that can be applied in several areas such as agronomic, pharmaceutical and chemical. However, further studies on this plant are needed in order to characterise it phytochemically, pharmacologically and toxicologically. In this sense, the present study aimed to verify the unprecedented identification of its essential oil (EO) components. The EO extraction of T. pallida aerial parts was performed by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus (5 h), and the chemical analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The oxygenated sesquiterpene was the dominant class in EO composition and spathulenol (19.56%) was the principal identified compound, followed by caryophyllene oxide (18.84%), β-caryophyllene (13.65%) and α-copaene (6.08%). The chemical identification of sesquiterpene compounds (oxygenated and hydrocarbons) in EO contributes to the understanding of the biological activities evidenced by T. pallida reported by literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Fernando Menegazzo
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Werlang Menegazzo
- Undergraduate Student of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campina Grande, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Programs in Clean Technologies, Cesumar University, Maringá, Brazil.,Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation - ICETI, Cesumar University, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Zilda Cristiani Gazim
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Ana Daniela Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Brazil
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13
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Feng YX, Wang Y, Geng ZF, Zhang D, Almaz B, Du SS. Contact toxicity and repellent efficacy of Valerianaceae spp. to three stored-product insects and synergistic interactions between two major compounds camphene and bornyl acetate. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 190:110106. [PMID: 31877546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the essential oil (EO) and supercritical CO2 fluid extract (SF extract) of four Valerianaceae plants (Valeriana officinalis L., Valeriana officinalis L. var. latifolia Miq., Valeriana jatamansi Jones and Nardostachys chinensis Bat.) were chemically characterized. GC-MS analysis identified 74 compounds, representing 35.2%-82.4% of the total EOs and SF extracts. The EO was dominated by low-molecular-weight components while the SF extract was rich in fatty acids. Bornyl acetate and camphene were the characteristic compounds in EO and SF extracts. The efficacy of six extracts against three stored-product insects was investigated. In contact assays, V. officinalis exhibited strongest toxicity to red flour beetle (LD50 = 10.0 μg/adult), and V. jatamansi EO was the most active one against the cigarette beetle (LD50 = 17.6 μg/adult), while V. officinalis var. latifolia EO showed outstanding efficacy against the booklouse (LD50 = 40.2 μg/cm2). Binary mixtures of two major compounds (camphene and bornyl acetate) were assessed for the contact toxicity to the red flour beetle. Additive effect existed in the natural proportion of V. officinalis, and synergism was observed in that of V. officinalis var. latifolia. This work confirmed the insecticidal efficacy of the species of the Valerianaceae family, and it would offer some information for the development of botanical insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xi Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhu-Feng Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Borjigidai Almaz
- Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Shu-Shan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China.
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14
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Abdul Kadir FA, Azizan KA, Othman R. Datasets of essential oils from naturally formed and synthetically induced Aquilaria malaccensis agarwoods. Data Brief 2019; 28:104987. [PMID: 32226799 PMCID: PMC7093814 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Agarwood is the highly valuable fragrant resin of the wounded Aquilaria spp. trees widely used in fragrances, medicines and incenses. Among the Aquilaria spp., A. malaccensis is the primary producer and is mainly found in Indonesia and Malaysia. In normal condition, agarwood is naturally formed in Aquilaria trees as a defense mechanism upon physical damage or microbial infection on the trees, which is a slow process that occurs over several years. The high demand in agarwood has spurred the development of various artificial inoculation methods where agarwood formation is synthetically induced in a shorter period of time. However, the synthetic induction method produces agarwood with aromas different from the naturally formed agarwood. To understand the changes in the agarwoods produced from different induction conditions, metabolite profiling of agarwood essential oil from A. malaccensis has been performed. The essential oils of healthy undamaged tree trunks and, naturally formed and synthetically induced agarwoods were obtained using hydrodistillation (HS) method and analysed using gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS). These data will provide valuable resources for chemical components of agarwood produced by the species in the genus Aquilaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Adibah Abdul Kadir
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kamalrul Azlan Azizan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Roohaida Othman
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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15
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Lu Q, Huang N, Peng Y, Zhu C, Pan S. Peel oils from three Citrus species: volatile constituents, antioxidant activities and related contributions of individual components. J Food Sci Technol 2019; 56:4492-4502. [PMID: 31686681 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03937-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, peel oils were extracted through hydrodistillation and cold pressing from three Citrus species (Valencia orange, Ponkan and Eureka lemon) to investigate their volatile constituents and antioxidant activities. A total of 47 volatile components were identified by GC-MS, and then grouped by principal component analysis. The extraction methods were found to have an obvious effect on the proportion of terpenes and oxygenated compounds in the six Citrus oils, especially for Eureka lemon oils. The major fractions in the Citrus oils were found to be monoterpenes (78.65-96.57%), with limonene occupying a dominant percentage (51.22-86.65%). Furthermore, γ-terpinene and terpinolene displayed strong DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging abilities and efficient inhibition of lipid peroxidation, while oxygenated compounds of α-terpineol and terpinen-4-ol showed poor DPPH radical-scavenging abilities. Therefore, hydrodistillated Eureka lemon oil with high levels of α-terpineol (9.11%) and terpinen-4-ol (4.69%) presented low radical scavenging capability. Citral displayed a high pro-oxidant ability against thiobarbituric acid reactive species formation, which might lead to the decreased ability of the Eureka lemon oils in inhibition of lipid peroxidation, since citral was significantly high in Eureka lemon oils. This study facilitated the understanding of volatile constituents and antioxidant activities in different Citrus peel oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- 1Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Huang
- 2College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Peng
- 2College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- 2College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Pan
- 2College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei People's Republic of China
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16
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Salleh WMNHW, Khamis S, Nafiah MA, Abed SA. Chemical composition and anticholinesterase inhibitory activity of the essential oil of Pseuduvaria macrophylla (Oliv.) Merr. from Malaysia. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1887-1892. [PMID: 31293176 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1639183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the chemical composition and anticholinesterase inhibitory activity of the essential oil of Pseuduvaria macrophylla (Oliv.) Merr. (Annonaceae) from Malaysia. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and fully analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis led to the identification of thirty-four chemical components that represented 87.7 ± 0.5% of the total oil. The essential oil was found to be rich in germacrene D (21.1 ± 0.4%), bicyclogermacrene (10.5 ± 0.5%), δ-cadinene (5.6 ± 0.2%), α-copaene (5.1 ± 0.3%), and α-cadinol (5.0 ± 0.3%). Anticholinesterase activity was evaluated using Ellman method. The essential oil showed weak inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (I%: 32.5%) and butyrylcholinesterase (I%: 35.4%) assays. Our findings demonstrate that the essential oil could be very useful for the characterization, pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications of the essential oil from Pseuduvaria macrophylla.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shamsul Khamis
- School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azlan Nafiah
- Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Salam Ahmed Abed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
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17
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Majdoub S, El Mokni R, Muradalievich AA, Piras A, Porcedda S, Hammami S. Effect of pressure variation on the efficiency of supercritical fluid extraction of wild carrot (Daucus carota subsp. maritimus) extracts. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1125:121713. [PMID: 31323559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to check the comparative qualities of essential oils prepared by hydrodistillation (HD) and supercritical fluid techniques. It constitutes the first attempt to investigate the chemical composition of Daucus carota subsp. maritimus extracts using supercritical fluid technology (SFE) as an environmentally clean innovative method of extraction. The effect of pressure on the nature of extractable substances from wild carrot has been performed at a constant temperature of 50 °C and two different pressures (100 and 300 bar). The experimental results showed that pressure had a significant enhancing effect on the fluid transport properties and therefore on yield values. The extraction yield increases from 1.167 to 2.986% while increasing pressure. The chemical compositions of the essential oils prepared by HD and SFE were analyzed on the basis of gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Thus, we noticed that all analyzed samples were enriched in geranyl acetate and β‑bisabolene, and that the quantities of different identified substances were extremely sensitive to the extraction method and to the pressure variation in case of SFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwar Majdoub
- Research Unit 13ES63, Applied Chemistry and Environment, Monastir University, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir 5000, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ridha El Mokni
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Botany and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, Jarzouna-7021, Bizerta, University of Carthage, Tunisia; Department Pharmaceutical Sciences "A", Laboratory of Botany, Cryptogamy and Plant Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, BP 207, Avenue Avicenna-5000, University of Monastir, Tunisia; Department of Silvo-Pastoral Resources, Laboratory of Silvo-Pastoral Resources, Silvo-Pastoral Institute of Tabarka, BP. 345, Tabarka 8110, University of Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Aliev Aslan Muradalievich
- Mountain Botanical Garden DSC RAS, Yaragskogo Street, 75, Makhachkala 367030, Russia; Institute of Physics DSC RAS, Yaragskogo Street, 94, Makhachkala 367003, Russia
| | - Alessandra Piras
- Department of Chemical and Geological Science, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0,700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Silvia Porcedda
- Department of Chemical and Geological Science, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0,700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Saoussen Hammami
- Research Unit 13ES63, Applied Chemistry and Environment, Monastir University, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir 5000, University of Monastir, Tunisia.
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18
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Masoudi S. Volatile Constituents from Different Parts of Three Lamiacea Herbs from Iran. Iran J Pharm Res 2018; 17:365-76. [PMID: 29755567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the stem, leaf and flower of Phlomis aucheri Boiss., which is endemic to Iran, stem, leaf and root of Teucrium polium L. and solvent free microwave extraction oil from leaf of Ajuga chamaecistus Ging. Subsp chamaecistus were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Germacrene D (11.10%, 28.31% and 21. 06%) was the main constituent in the stem, leaf, and flower oils of P. aucheri, respectively. The other main component in the stem oil of the plant was (E) - anethole (24.58%) and in the flower oil was β- caryophyllene (15.93%). All three oils were rich in regard to sesquiterpenes. The main components in the stem, leaf and root of T. polium were α- muurolol (25.02%, 20.03% and 19.53%), α- cadinol (15.72%, 8.11% and 13.01%) and β-cayophyllene (10.86%, 10.11% and 10.64%) respectively. All three oils were rich in regard to sesquiterpenes. The major components in the leaf oil of A.chamaecistus were (z)-β-ocimene (12.11%) and germacrene D (10.11%). The oil of the plant was rich in regard to both monoterpens and sesquiter penes.
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19
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Reidel RVB, Cioni PL, Majo L, Pistelli L. Evolution of Volatile Emission in Rhus coriaria Organs During Different Stages of Growth and Evaluation of the Essential Oil Composition. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 28742251 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Rhus coriaria, also known as Sumac, has been traditionally used in many countries as spice, condiment, dying agent, and medicinal herb. The chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) and the volatile emissions from different organs of this species collected in Sicily (Italy) were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the most abundant class in the volatile emissions with β-caryophyllene and α-pinene were the main constituents in the majority of the examined samples. The EO composition was characterized by high amount of monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons together with diterpenes. The main compounds in the EO obtained from the leaves and both stages of fruit maturation were cembrene and β-caryophyllene, while α-pinene and tridecanoic acid were the key compounds in the flower EO. All the data were submitted to multivariate statistical analysis showing many differences among the different plant parts and their ontogenetic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pier Luigi Cioni
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Majo
- Azienda Agricola 'Randino', Contrada Randino, 90014, Casteldaccia, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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20
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Shiwakoti S, Saleh O, Poudyal S, Barka A, Qian Y, Zheljazkov VD. Yield, Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of the Essential Oil of Sweet Basil and Holy Basil as Influenced by Distillation Methods. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 28028933 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The profile and bioactivity of essential oil (EO) depends on genetic, environmental, and other factors. We hypothesized that the basil EO may be influenced by the distillation methods. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of steam distillation (SD) and hydrodistillation (HD) extraction method on the yield, composition, and bioactivity of EO of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) and holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum). In both basil species, the EO yield (content) was significantly higher from SD than from HD. There were significant differences in the compounds' concentrations of EO obtained from SD and HD as well, however, the same compounds were identified in the EO from HD and SD. In the EO of O. basilicum, the concentration of 74% of the identified compounds were higher in SD than HD, whereas in the EO of O. tenuiflorum, the concentration of 84% of identified compounds were higher in SD than in HD. However, the concentrations of two of the major compounds of O. basilicum EO (estragole and methyl cinnamate) and a major compound of O. tenuiflorum EO (methyl eugenol) were significantly higher in HD than in SD. The type of distillation did not affect the antioxidant capacity of basil EO within the species. This study demonstrated that the type of distillation may significantly affect oil yield and composition but not the antioxidant capacity of the EO from sweet and holy basil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Shiwakoti
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.,Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Osama Saleh
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Shital Poudyal
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.,Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Abdulssamad Barka
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Yanping Qian
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Valtcho D Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.,Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
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21
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Loizzo MR, Tundis R, Bonesi M, Sanzo GD, Verardi A, Lopresto CG, Pugliese A, Menichini F, Balducchi R, Calabrò V. Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Properties of Extracts and Essential Oils from Citrus × limon (L.) Burm. cv. Femminello Comune. Chem Biodivers 2017; 13:571-81. [PMID: 27112122 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Citrus × limon cv. Femminello Comune (Rutaceae) from Rocca Imperiale (Italy), one of the six Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) Italian lemon crops, has been recently received renewed interest. In this work, fresh and dried peels and leaves were extracted by hydrodistillation, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and Soxhlet apparatus. Chemical profile was assessed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Except for leaves extracts obtained by Soxhlet apparatus, the monoterpene hydrocarbons fraction dominated. Limonene, γ-terpinene, and β-pinene were the main identified compounds. The antioxidant activity was investigated using different in vitro assays namely 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS, ferric reducing ability power (FRAP), and β-carotene bleaching test. In DPPH test, the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of fresh peel exhibited the highest activity (IC50 of 1.17 mg/ml). Leaves extracted by SFE showed a good activity in both DPPH and β-carotene bleaching test with IC50 values of 2.20 and 6.66 mg/ml, respectively. Monoterpene hydrocarbons fraction exhibited a positive Pearson's correlation coefficient with all antioxidant assays. Leaves, often considered waste material, should be considered from a different point because they represent a matrix of indisputable interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, IT-87036, Rende, CS
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, IT-87036, Rende, CS.
| | - Marco Bonesi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, IT-87036, Rende, CS
| | - Giuseppe Di Sanzo
- Laboratorio Biotecnologie (UTTRI-BIOTEC), ENEA C.R. Trisaia, IT-75026, Rotondella, MT
| | - Alessandra Verardi
- Department of Computer Engineering, Modelling, Electronics and System Science (DIMES), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, IT-87036, Rende, CS
| | - Catia Giovanna Lopresto
- Department of Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering (DIMEG), University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, IT-87036, Rende, CS
| | - Alessandro Pugliese
- Food Science Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 47/A, IT-43124, Parma
| | - Francesco Menichini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, IT-87036, Rende, CS
| | - Roberto Balducchi
- Laboratorio Biotecnologie (UTTRI-BIOTEC), ENEA C.R. Trisaia, IT-75026, Rotondella, MT
| | - Vincenza Calabrò
- Department of Computer Engineering, Modelling, Electronics and System Science (DIMES), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, IT-87036, Rende, CS
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Masoudi S, Abbassi J. Antibacterial Activityand Comparison of the Volatile Oils of Tanacetum tenuisectum (Boiss.) Podl. Obtained by Three Different Methods of Extraction. Iran J Pharm Res 2017; 16:188-96. [PMID: 29844790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation (HD), steam distillation (SD) and solvent free microwave extraction (SFME) from the stems and flowers of Tanacetumtenuisectum (Boiss.) Podl., which is endemic to Iran, were analyzed by combination of GC and GC/MS. Camphor (26.91 %, 27.23% and 25.52%), borneol (12.61%,11.48% and 7.62%) and 1,8-cineole (7.93%, 13.23% and 11.26%) were the main constituents of the HD,SD and SFME oils of Tanacetumtenuisectum respectively. All three oils were rich in regard to monoterpenes and small percentage of sesquiterpenes and non terpenoid compounds. Antibacterial activity of the essential oil of the plant was determined against six Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The results showed that this oil was active against all of the tested bacteria.
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Qin Y, Pang Y, Cheng Z. Needle Trap Device as a New Sampling and Preconcentration Approach for Volatile Organic Compounds of Herbal Medicines and its Application to the Analysis of Volatile Components in Viola tianschanica. Phytochem Anal 2016; 27:364-374. [PMID: 27687791 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The needle trap device (NTD) technique is a new microextraction method for sampling and preconcentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Previous NTD studies predominantly focused on analysis of environmental volatile compounds in the gaseous and liquid phases. Little work has been done on its potential application in biological samples and no work has been reported on analysis of bioactive compounds in essential oils from herbal medicines. OBJECTIVE The main purpose of the present study is to develop a NTD sampling method for profiling VOCs in biological samples using herbal medicines as a case study. METHODOLOGY A combined method of NTD sample preparation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed for qualitative analysis of VOCs in Viola tianschanica. A 22-gauge stainless steel, triple-bed needle packed with Tenax, Carbopack X and Carboxen 1000 sorbents was used for analysis of VOCs in the herb. Furthermore, different parameters affecting the extraction efficiency and capacity were studied. RESULTS The peak capacity obtained by NTDs was 104, more efficient than those of the static headspace (46) and hydrodistillation (93). This NTD method shows potential to trap a wide range of VOCs including the lower and higher volatile components, while the static headspace and hydrodistillation only detects lower volatile components, and semi-volatile and higher volatile components, respectively. CONCLUSION The developed NTD sample preparation method is a more rapid, simpler, convenient, and sensitive extraction/desorption technique for analysis of VOCs in herbal medicines than the conventional methods such as static headspace and hydrodistillation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yingming Pang
- PAS Technology Deutschland GmbH, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 10, 99441, Magdala, Germany
| | - Zhihong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Vaičiulytė V, Butkienė R, Ložienė K. Effects of meteorological conditions and plant growth stage on the accumulation of carvacrol and its precursors in Thymus pulegioides. Phytochemistry 2016; 128:20-26. [PMID: 27174744 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of meteorological conditions (temperature, rainfall, photosynthetically active solar radiation (PAR) and sunshine duration) and plant growth stages on the quantitative composition of a secondary metabolite - essential oil and its main compounds, in the carvacrol chemotype of Thymus pulegioides L. (Lamiaceae) cultivated in open ground were studied under the same micro-edaphoclimatic environmental conditions for six years. The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation, the analysis of monoterpenic phenol carvacrol and the biogenetic precursors (monoterpene hydrocarbons p-cymene and γ-terpinene) were carried out annually using GC-FID and GC-MS. In the carvacrol chemotype investigated in this study, the yield of essential oil varied from 0.72% to 0.98% (CV = 12%) at full flowering stage. Regression analysis showed a significant negative relationship between the amount of essential oil and both temperature and rainfall during T. pulegioides flowering (July) and the period from April (beginning of vegetation) to July, but a strong positive relationship with photosynthetically active solar radiation during April-July (beta = 0.658, p < 0.05). The percentage of carvacrol, p-cymene and γ-terpinene ranged between 16.88 and 29.29% (CV = 18%), 5.54-11.33% (CV = 23%) and 20.60-24.43% (CV = 6%) respectively. Regression analysis showed the significant positive relationship between the percentage of carvacrol and sunshine duration at the flowering stage (in July) (beta = 0.699, p < 0.05); while the negative relationship was established between the percentages of precursors of carvacrol and photosynthetically active solar radiation and sunshine duration. The accumulation of p-cymene, the percentage of which varied most strongly from all investigated chemical compounds, showed significant positive relationships with temperature and rainfall during the period April-July and temperature in July (beta = 0.617, beta = 0.439 and beta = 0.429 respectively, p < 0.05). The analysis of plant growth stages showed that the highest amount of essential oil in carvacrol chemotype of T. pulegioides accumulated at ripening/seed maturity stage. The percentage of carvacrol increased gradually from the stem elongation to the post-flowering/seed maturity stage, overtaking the full flowering stage by 22%. The highest carvacrol content in the T. pulegioides carvacrol chemotype coincided with the highest oil yield during the fruiting stage. The amount of essential oil was also measured at the second full flowering stage, because after cutting the aerial part of the plant at the full flowering stage T. pulegioides often bloom for a second time: the carvacrol chemotype accumulated by 21% lower yield of essential oil at this stage compared to the first flowering, however, only traces of carvacrol and its precursors were found at the second full flowering stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaida Vaičiulytė
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Botany, Žaliųjų Ežerų Str. 49, Vilnius LT-08406, Lithuania.
| | - Rita Butkienė
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Botany, Žaliųjų Ežerų Str. 49, Vilnius LT-08406, Lithuania.
| | - Kristina Ložienė
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Botany, Žaliųjų Ežerų Str. 49, Vilnius LT-08406, Lithuania.
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Shiwakoti S, Poudyal S, Saleh O, Astatkie T, Zheljazkov VD. Method for Attaining Caraway Seed Oil Fractions with Different Composition. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:695-9. [PMID: 27119969 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Caraway (Carum carvi L.) is a medicinal and aromatic plant; its seeds (fruits) are used as spice and they contain essential oils. We hypothesized that by collecting caraway oil at different time points during the extraction process, we could obtain oil fractions with distinct chemical composition. A hydrodistillation time (HDT) study was conducted to test the hypothesis. The caraway seed oil fractions were collected at eight different HDT (at 0 - 2, 2 - 7, 7 - 15, 15 - 30, 30 - 45, 45 - 75, 75 - 105, and 105 - 135 min). Additionally, a non-stop HD for 135 min was conducted as a control. Most of the oil was eluted early in the HD process. The non-stop HDT treatment yielded 2.76% oil by weight. Of the 24 essential oil constituents, limonene (77 - 19% of the total oil) and carvone (20 - 79%) were the major ones. Other constituents included myrcene (0.72 - 0.16%), trans-carveol (0.07 - 0.39%), and β-caryophyllene (0.07 - 0.24%). Caraway seed oil with higher concentration of limonene can be obtained by sampling oil fractions early in HD process; conversely, oil with high concentration of carvone can be obtained by excluding the fractions eluted early in the HD process. We demonstrated a method of obtaining caraway seed oil fractions with various and unique composition. These novel oil fractions with unique composition are not commercially available and could have much wider potential uses, and also target different markets compared to the typical caraway essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Shiwakoti
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.,Plant Sciences Department, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Shital Poudyal
- Plant Sciences Department, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Osama Saleh
- Plant Sciences Department, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Valtcho D Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Arora R, Singh B, Vig AP, Arora S. Conventional and modified hydrodistillation method for the extraction of glucosinolate hydrolytic products: a comparative account. Springerplus 2016; 5:479. [PMID: 27217994 PMCID: PMC4835399 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Eruca sativa is extensively used as raw and its oil is also used for cooking due to its exceptional flavour. The volatile nature of the hydrolytic products of glucosinolates makes the extraction difficult. The hydrodistillation method used previously yield very less amount of the extract as well as the absence of stirring in the round bottom flask causes burning of both the crushed seeds and the flask. To overcome these drawbacks, a method has been developed using magnetic stirrer and hot plate. The yield and composition of hydrolytic products in the extract with the modified method was increased along with an increase in the amount of major hydrolytic products as seen by GC-MS. This method thus has immense potential in pharmaceutical industries, due to the ease of extraction and isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Bikram Singh
- Natural Plant Products Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource and Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
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Bajer T, Janda V, Bajerová P, Kremr D, Eisner A, Ventura K. Chemical composition of essential oils from plantago lanceolata L. leaves extracted by hydrodistillation. J Food Sci Technol 2016; 53:1576-84. [PMID: 27570283 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-2083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Extensive traditional use of medical plants leads to research dealing with chemical composition of essential oils. The aim of this work was evaluation of quality of the essential oil and extending of the knowledge about chemical composition of essential oil from ribwort (Plantago lanceolata L.) and proportional representation of compounds. Extractions of essential oils from samples of ribwort were performed by hydrodistillation. GC-MS and GC-FID techniques were used for investigation of the qualitative and semi-quantitative content of aromatic compounds in the essential oils, respectively. Major aroma constituents of ribwort leaves were groups of fatty acids 28.0-52.1 % (the most abundant palmitic acid 15.3-32.0 %), oxidated monoterpenes 4.3-13.2 % (linalool 2.7-3.5 %), aldehydes and ketones 6.9-10.0 % (pentyl vinyl ketone 2.0-3.4 %) and alcohols 3.8-9.2 % (1-octen-3-ol 2.4-8.2 %). In relative high amount were identified apocarotenoids (1.5-2.3 %) which are important constituents because of their intense fragrant. The importance is in potential manufacture control of feedstocks before producing of food supplements.
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Jeleń HH, Gracka A. Analysis of black pepper volatiles by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography: A comparison of terpenes profiles with hydrodistillation. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1418:200-209. [PMID: 26427328 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is widely used in food flavor compounds analysis in majority for profiling volatile compounds. Based on such profiles conclusions are often drawn concerning the percentage composition of volatile compounds in particular food, spices or raw materials. This paper focuses on the usefulness of SPME for the profiling of volatile compounds from spices using black pepper as an example. SPME profiles obtained in different analytical conditions were compared to the profile of pepper volatiles obtained using hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus. The profiles of both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes of black pepper were highly dependent on sample weight (0.1 and 1g samples were tested), and extraction time (durations from 2 to 120min were tested), regardless of the SPME fiber used (PDMS and CAR/PDMS coatings were used). The characteristic phenomenon for extraction from dry ground pepper was the decrease of monoterpenes % share in volatiles with increasing extraction times, whereas at the same time the % contents of sesquiterpenes increased. Addition of water to ground pepper substantially changed extraction kinetics and mutual proportions of mono to sesquiterpenes compared to dry samples by minimizing changes in mono- to sesquiterpenes ratio in different extraction times. Obtained results indicate that SPME can be a fast extraction method for volatiles of black pepper. Short extraction times (2-10min) in conjunction with the fast GC analysis (2.1min) proposed here may offer fast alternative to hydrodistillation allowing black pepper terpenes characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk H Jeleń
- Faculty of Food Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Anna Gracka
- Faculty of Food Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
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29
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Sourmaghi MHS, Kiaee G, Golfakhrabadi F, Jamalifar H, Khanavi M. Comparison of essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of Coriandrum sativum L. extracted by hydrodistillation and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation. J Food Sci Technol 2014; 52:2452-7. [PMID: 25829632 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), is an annual herb in the Apiaceae family which disperses in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions. The Coriander essential oil has been used in food products, perfumes, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries for its flavor and odor. In Iran, fruits of Coriander used in pickle, curry powders, sausages, cakes, pastries, biscuits and buns. The aim of this study was to investigate microwave radiation effects on quality, quantity and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Coriander fruits. The essential oils were obtained from the Coriander fruits by hydrodistillation (HD) and Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) then, the oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Antimicrobial activities of essential oils were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans by microdilution method. The results indicated that the HD and MAHD essential oils (EO) were dominated by monoterpenoids such as linalool, geranyl acetate and γ-terpinene. The major compound in both EO was linalool which its amount in HD and MAHD was 63 % and 66 %, respectively. The total amount of monoterpenes hydrocarbons in HD EO differ significantly with the amount in MAHD EO (12.56 % compare to 1.82 %). HD EO showed greater activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans than MAHD EO. Moreover, their activities against Ecoli and P. aeruginosa were the same with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) 0.781 and 6.25 μL mL(-1), respectively. By using MAHD method, it was superior in terms of saving energy and extraction time, although the oil yield and total composition decrease by using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Salehi Sourmaghi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6451 Iran
| | - Gita Kiaee
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6451 Iran
| | - Fereshteh Golfakhrabadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6451 Iran
| | - Hossein Jamalifar
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Khanavi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6451 Iran ; Department of Traditional Iranian Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Iranian Medicine and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Herzi N, Bouajila J, Camy S, Romdhane M, Condoret JS. Comparison of different methods for extraction from Tetraclinis articulata: yield, chemical composition and antioxidant activity. Food Chem 2013; 141:3537-45. [PMID: 23993518 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, three techniques of extraction: hydrodistillation (HD), solvent extraction (conventional 'Soxhlet' technique) and an innovative technique, i.e., the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), were applied to ground Tetraclinis articulata leaves and compared for extraction duration, extraction yield, and chemical composition of the extracts as well as their antioxidant activities. The extracts were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The antioxidant activity was measured using two methods: ABTS(•+) and DPPH(•). The yield obtained using HD, SFE, hexane and ethanol Soxhlet extractions were found to be 0.6, 1.6, 40.4 and 21.2-27.4 g/kg respectively. An original result of this study is that the best antioxidant activity was obtained with an SFE extract (41 mg/L). The SFE method offers some noteworthy advantages over traditional alternatives, such as shorter extraction times, low environmental impact, and a clean, non-thermally-degraded final product. Also, a good correlation between the phenolic contents and the antioxidant activity was observed with extracts obtained by SFE at 9 MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejia Herzi
- Unité de recherche MACS, ENIG, Route de Médenine, 6029 Gabès, Tunisia
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Xie ZS, Xu XJ, Xie CY, Huang JY, Yang M, Yang DP. Volatile components of Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum using three different extraction methods combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Anal 2013; 3:215-220. [PMID: 29403820 PMCID: PMC5760953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile components from Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum were respectively extracted by three methods including hydrodistillation, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and diethyl ether extraction. A total of 40 (hydrodistillation), 32 (HS-SPME) and 37 (diethyl ether extraction) compounds were respectively identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and 22 compounds were overlapped, including α-farnesene, γ-muurolene, 2,6-dimethyl-6-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, eucalyptol and cadina-1(10), 4-diene and so forth, varying in relative contents. HS-SPME is fast, sample saving and solvent-free and it also can achieve similar profiles as those from hydrodistillation and solvent extraction. Therefore, it can be the priority for extracting volatile components from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Sheng Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin-Jun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chun-Yan Xie
- Hainan Bright Future Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Haikou 570216, China
| | - Jie-Yun Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - De-Po Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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