1
|
Xu X, Wei H, Yao K, Wu H, Huang T, Han M, Su T, Cao F. Integrative omics studies revealed synergistic link between sucrose metabolic isogenes and carbohydrates in poplar roots infected by Fusarium wilt. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:29. [PMID: 38502380 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Advances in carbohydrate metabolism prompted its essential role in defense priming and sweet immunity during plant-pathogen interactions. Nevertheless, upstream responding enzymes in the sucrose metabolic pathway and associated carbohydrate derivatives underlying fungal pathogen challenges remain to be deciphered in Populus, a model tree species. In silico deduction of genomic features, including phylogenies, exon/intron distributions, cis-regulatory elements, and chromosomal localization, identified 59 enzyme genes (11 families) in the Populus genome. Spatiotemporal expression of the transcriptome and the quantitative real-time PCR revealed a minuscule number of isogenes that were predominantly expressed in roots. Upon the pathogenic Fusarium solani (Fs) exposure, dynamic changes in the transcriptomics atlas and experimental evaluation verified Susy (PtSusy2 and 3), CWI (PtCWI3), VI (PtVI2), HK (PtHK6), FK (PtFK6), and UGPase (PtUGP2) families, displaying promotions in their expressions at 48 and 72 h of post-inoculation (hpi). Using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based non-targeted metabolomics combined with a high-performance ion chromatography system (HPICS), approximately 307 metabolites (13 categories) were annotated that led to the quantification of 46 carbohydrates, showing marked changes between three compared groups. By contrast, some sugars (e.g., sorbitol, L-arabitol, trehalose, and galacturonic acid) exhibited a higher accumulation at 72 hpi than 0 hpi, while levels of α-lactose and glucose decreased, facilitating them as potential signaling molecules. The systematic overview of multi-omics approaches to dissect the effects of Fs infection provides theoretical cues for understanding defense immunity depending on fine-tuned Suc metabolic gene clusters and synergistically linked carbohydrate pools in trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglei Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Haikun Wei
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Kejun Yao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Mei Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Tao Su
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Fuliang Cao
- College of Foresty, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bhattarai M, Wang Q, Javaid T, Venkataraghavan A, Al Hassan MT, O'Neill M, Tan L, Chen H, Faik A. Streamlining assays of glycosyltransferases activity using in vitro GT-array (i-GT-ray) platform: Application to family GT37 fucosyltransferases. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105734. [PMID: 38336294 PMCID: PMC10933551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous putative glycosyltransferases (GTs) have been identified using bioinformatic approaches. However, demonstrating the activity of these GTs remains a challenge. Here, we describe the development of a rapid in vitro GT-array screening platform for activity of GTs. GT-arrays are generated by cell-free in vitro protein synthesis and binding using microplates precoated with a N-terminal Halo- or a C-terminal GST-tagged GT-encoding plasmid DNA and a capture antibody. These arrays are then used for screening of transferase activities and the reactions are monitored by a luminescence GLO assay. The products formed by these reactions can be analyzed directly from the microplates by mass spectrometry. Using this platform, a total of 280 assays were performed to screen 22 putative fucosyltransferases (FUTs) from family GT37 (seven from Arabidopsis and 15 from rice) for activity toward five acceptors: non-fucosylated tamarind xyloglucan (TXyG), arabinotriose (Ara3), non-fucosylated rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), and RG-II from the mur1-1 Arabidopsis mutant, and the celery RG-II monomer lacking Arap and MeFuc of chain B and l-Gal of chain A. Our screen showed that AtFUT2, AtFUT5, and AtFUT10 have activity toward RG-I, while AtFUT8 was active on RG-II. Five rice OsFUTs have XyG-FUT activity and four rice OsFUTs have activity toward Ara3. None of the putative OsFUTs were active on the RG-I and RG-II. However, promiscuity toward acceptors was observed for several FUTs. These findings extend our knowledge of cell wall polysaccharide fucosylation in plants. We believe that in vitro GT-array platform provides a valuable tool for cell wall biochemistry and other research fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matrika Bhattarai
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tasleem Javaid
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Md Tanim Al Hassan
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Malcolm O'Neill
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Li Tan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ahmed Faik
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen G, Xiao Y, Dai S, Dai Z, Wang X, Li B, Jaqueth JS, Li W, Lai Z, Ding J, Yan J. Genetic basis of resistance to southern corn leaf blight in the maize multi-parent population and diversity panel. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:506-520. [PMID: 36383026 PMCID: PMC9946143 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Southern corn leaf blight (SLB), caused by the necrotrophic pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus, is one of the maize foliar diseases and poses a great threat to corn production around the world. Identification of genetic variations underlying resistance to SLB is of paramount importance to maize yield and quality. Here, we used a random-open-parent association mapping population containing eight recombinant inbred line populations and one association mapping panel consisting of 513 diversity maize inbred lines with high-density genetic markers to dissect the genetic basis of SLB resistance. Overall, 109 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with predominantly small or moderate additive effects, and little epistatic effects were identified. We found 35 (32.1%) novel loci in comparison with the reported QTLs. We revealed that resistant alleles were significantly enriched in tropical accessions and the frequency of about half of resistant alleles decreased during the adaptation process owing to the selection of agronomic traits. A large number of annotated genes located in the SLB-resistant QTLs were shown to be involved in plant defence pathways. Integrating genome-wide association study, transcriptomic profiling, resequencing and gene editing, we identified ZmFUT1 and MYBR92 as the putative genes responsible for the major QTLs for resistance to C. heterostrophus. Our results present a comprehensive insight into the genetic basis of SLB resistance and provide resistant loci or genes as direct targets for crop genetic improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gengshen Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yingjie Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhanChina
| | - Sha Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhikang Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | | | - Wenqiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhibing Lai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Junqiang Ding
- College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhanChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ruprecht C, Blaukopf M, Pfrengle F. Synthetic fragments of plant polysaccharides as tools for cell wall biology. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 71:102208. [PMID: 36108403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A sustainable bioeconomy that includes increased agricultural productivity and new technologies to convert renewable biomass to value-added products may help meet the demands of a growing world population for food, energy and materials. The potential use of plant biomass is determined by the properties of the cell walls, consisting of polysaccharides, proteins, and the polyphenolic polymer lignin. Comprehensive knowledge of cell wall glycan structure and biosynthesis is therefore essential for optimal utilization. However, several areas of plant cell wall research are hampered by a lack of available pure oligosaccharide samples that represent structural features of cell wall glycans. Here, we provide an update on recent chemical syntheses of plant cell wall oligosaccharides and their application in characterizing plant cell wall-directed antibodies and carbohydrate-active enzymes including glycosyltransferases and glycosyl hydrolases, with a particular focus on glycan array technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Ruprecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Blaukopf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Pfrengle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Amos RA, Atmodjo MA, Huang C, Gao Z, Venkat A, Taujale R, Kannan N, Moremen KW, Mohnen D. Polymerization of the backbone of the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:1289-1303. [PMID: 36357524 PMCID: PMC10115348 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) is a major plant cell wall pectic polysaccharide defined by its repeating disaccharide backbone structure of [4)-α-D-GalA-(1,2)-α-L-Rha-(1,]. A family of RG-I:Rhamnosyltransferases (RRT) has previously been identified, but synthesis of the RG-I backbone has not been demonstrated in vitro because the identity of Rhamnogalacturonan I:Galaturonosyltransferase (RG-I:GalAT) was unknown. Here a putative glycosyltransferase, At1g28240/MUCI70, is shown to be an RG-I:GalAT. The name RGGAT1 is proposed to reflect the catalytic activity of this enzyme. When incubated together with the rhamnosyltransferase RRT4, the combined activities of RGGAT1 and RRT4 result in elongation of RG-I acceptors in vitro into a polymeric product. RGGAT1 is a member of a new GT family categorized as GT116, which does not group into existing GT-A clades and is phylogenetically distinct from the GALACTURONOSYLTRANSFERASE (GAUT) family of GalA transferases that synthesize the backbone of the pectin homogalacturonan. RGGAT1 has a predicted GT-A fold structure but employs a metal-independent catalytic mechanism that is rare among glycosyltransferases with this fold type. The identification of RGGAT1 and the 8-member Arabidopsis GT116 family provides a new avenue for studying the mechanism of RG-I synthesis and the function of RG-I in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Amos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Melani A Atmodjo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Chin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Zhongwei Gao
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Aarya Venkat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Rahil Taujale
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Debra Mohnen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Narciso JO, Zeng W, Ford K, Lampugnani ER, Humphries J, Austarheim I, van de Meene A, Bacic A, Doblin MS. Biochemical and Functional Characterization of GALT8, an Arabidopsis GT31 β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase That Influences Seedling Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:678564. [PMID: 34113372 PMCID: PMC8186459 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.678564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are members of the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) superfamily, a group of highly diverse proteoglycans that are present in the cell wall, plasma membrane as well as secretions of almost all plants, with important roles in many developmental processes. The role of GALT8 (At1g22015), a Glycosyltransferase-31 (GT31) family member of the Carbohydrate-Active Enzyme database (CAZy), was examined by biochemical characterization and phenotypic analysis of a galt8 mutant line. To characterize its catalytic function, GALT8 was heterologously expressed in tobacco leaves and its enzymatic activity tested. GALT8 was shown to be a β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase (GalT) that catalyzes the synthesis of a β-(1,3)-galactan, similar to the in vitro activity of KNS4/UPEX1 (At1g33430), a homologous GT31 member previously shown to have this activity. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) confirmed the products were of 2-6 degree of polymerisation (DP). Previous reporter studies showed that GALT8 is expressed in the central and synergid cells, from whence the micropylar endosperm originates after the fertilization of the central cell of the ovule. Homozygous mutants have multiple seedling phenotypes including significantly shorter hypocotyls and smaller leaf area compared to wild type (WT) that are attributable to defects in female gametophyte and/or endosperm development. KNS4/UPEX1 was shown to partially complement the galt8 mutant phenotypes in genetic complementation assays suggesting a similar but not identical role compared to GALT8 in β-(1,3)-galactan biosynthesis. Taken together, these data add further evidence of the important roles GT31 β-(1,3)-GalTs play in elaborating type II AGs that decorate AGPs and pectins, thereby imparting functional consequences on plant growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Oñate Narciso
- ARC Centre of Excellence on Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Zeng
- ARC Centre of Excellence on Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kris Ford
- ARC Centre of Excellence on Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Edwin R. Lampugnani
- ARC Centre of Excellence on Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Humphries
- ARC Centre of Excellence on Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ingvild Austarheim
- ARC Centre of Excellence on Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Allison van de Meene
- ARC Centre of Excellence on Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Antony Bacic
- ARC Centre of Excellence on Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Monika S. Doblin
- ARC Centre of Excellence on Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|