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Maldonado-Taipe N, Rey E, Tester M, Jung C, Emrani N. Leaf and shoot apical meristem transcriptomes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in response to photoperiod and plant development. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2027-2043. [PMID: 38391415 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of flowering time is crucial for adaptation of crops to new environment. In this study, we examined the timing of floral transition and analysed transcriptomes in leaf and shoot apical meristems of photoperiod-sensitive and -insensitive quinoa accessions. Histological analysis showed that floral transition in quinoa initiates 2-3 weeks after sowing. We found four groups of differentially expressed genes in quinoa genome that responded to plant development and floral transition: (i) 222 genes responsive to photoperiod in leaves, (ii) 1812 genes differentially expressed between accessions under long-day conditions in leaves, (iii) 57 genes responding to developmental changes under short-day conditions in leaves and (iv) 911 genes responding to floral transition within the shoot apical meristem. Interestingly, among numerous candidate genes, two putative FT orthologs together with other genes (e.g. SOC1, COL, AP1) were previously reported as key regulators of flowering time in other species. Additionally, we used coexpression networks to associate novel transcripts to a putative biological process based on the annotated genes within the same coexpression cluster. The candidate genes in this study would benefit quinoa breeding by identifying and integrating their beneficial haplotypes in crossing programs to develop adapted cultivars to diverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elodie Rey
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Tester
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christian Jung
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nazgol Emrani
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Wang B, Wang YH, Deng YJ, Yao QH, Xiong AS. Effect of betanin synthesis on photosynthesis and tyrosine metabolism in transgenic carrot. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:402. [PMID: 37620775 PMCID: PMC10464428 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Betalain is a natural pigment with important nutritional value and broad application prospects. Previously, we produced betanin biosynthesis transgenic carrots via expressing optimized genes CYP76AD1S, cDOPA5GTS and DODA1S. Betanin can accumulate throughout the whole transgenic carrots. But the effects of betanin accumulation on the metabolism of transgenic plants and whether it produces unexpected effects are still unclear. RESULTS The accumulation of betanin in leaves can significantly improve its antioxidant capacity and induce a decrease of chlorophyll content. Transcriptome and metabolomics analysis showed that 14.0% of genes and 33.1% of metabolites were significantly different, and metabolic pathways related to photosynthesis and tyrosine metabolism were markedly altered. Combined analysis showed that phenylpropane biosynthesis pathway significantly enriched the differentially expressed genes and significantly altered metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Results showed that the metabolic status was significantly altered between transgenic and non-transgenic carrots, especially the photosynthesis and tyrosine metabolism. The extra consumption of tyrosine and accumulation of betanin might be the leading causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuan-Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Quan-Hong Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, 201106, China.
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Xiao X, Meng F, Satheesh V, Xi Y, Lei M. An Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression method contributes to functional analysis of a transcription factor and potential application of gene editing in Chenopodium quinoa. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1975-1985. [PMID: 35829752 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02902-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression method was developed, which contributed to the functional characterization of the transcription factor CqPHR1, and demonstrates the potential application of gene editing in quinoa. Chenopodium quinoa is a crop expected to ensure global food security in future due to its high resistance to multiple abiotic stresses and nutritional value. We cloned one of the paralogous genes of the Arabidopsis homolog PHR1 (PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1) in quinoa-inbred lines by reverse genetic approach. Overexpression of CqPHR1 driven by the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter in Arabidopsis phr1 mutant can complement its phenotypes, including the induction of phosphate starvation-induced (PSI) genes and anthocyanin accumulation in leaves. By Agrobacterium-mediated gene transient expression, we found that CqPHR1 localized in the nucleus of quinoa cells, and overexpression of CqPHR1 in quinoa cells promoted PSI genes expression, which further revealed the function of CqPHR1 as a transcription factor. We have also shown that the transient expression system can be used to express Cas9 protein in various quinoa-inbred lines and perform effective gene editing in quinoa tissue. The method developed in this study will be useful for verifying the effectiveness of gene-editing systems in quinoa cells and has potential application in the generation of gene-edited quinoa with heritable traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Xiao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fanxiao Meng
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Viswanathan Satheesh
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingguang Lei
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Bazihizina N, Böhm J, Messerer M, Stigloher C, Müller HM, Cuin TA, Maierhofer T, Cabot J, Mayer KFX, Fella C, Huang S, Al-Rasheid KAS, Alquraishi S, Breadmore M, Mancuso S, Shabala S, Ache P, Zhang H, Zhu JK, Hedrich R, Scherzer S. Stalk cell polar ion transport provide for bladder-based salinity tolerance in Chenopodium quinoa. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1822-1835. [PMID: 35510810 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chenopodium quinoa uses epidermal bladder cells (EBCs) to sequester excess salt. Each EBC complex consists of a leaf epidermal cell, a stalk cell, and the bladder. Under salt stress, sodium (Na+ ), chloride (Cl- ), potassium (K+ ) and various metabolites are shuttled from the leaf lamina to the bladders. Stalk cells operate as both a selectivity filter and a flux controller. In line with the nature of a transfer cell, advanced transmission electron tomography, electrophysiology, and fluorescent tracer flux studies revealed the stalk cell's polar organization and bladder-directed solute flow. RNA sequencing and cluster analysis revealed the gene expression profiles of the stalk cells. Among the stalk cell enriched genes, ion channels and carriers as well as sugar transporters were most pronounced. Based on their electrophysiological fingerprint and thermodynamic considerations, a model for stalk cell transcellular transport was derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bazihizina
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019, Florence, Italy
- College of Science and Engineering, Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas., 7001, Australia
| | - Jennifer Böhm
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maxim Messerer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Stigloher
- Imaging Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Heike M Müller
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tracey Ann Cuin
- Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tas., 7001, Australia
| | - Tobias Maierhofer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Joan Cabot
- Diagnostic Devices Unit, LEITAT Technological Center, Innovació 2, Terrasse, 0822, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Fella
- Fraunhofer IIS, Nano CT Systeme, Josef-Martin-Weg 63, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Shouguang Huang
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Khaled A S Al-Rasheid
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alquraishi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Breadmore
- School of Natural Sciences, Australian Centre for Research on Separation Sciences (ACROSS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tas., 7001, Australia
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Sergey Shabala
- College of Science and Engineering, Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas., 7001, Australia
- International Research Centre for Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Peter Ache
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, Nanshan District, China
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Scherzer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Maldonado-Taipe N, Barbier F, Schmid K, Jung C, Emrani N. High-Density Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Agronomically Important Traits in Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:916067. [PMID: 35812962 PMCID: PMC9261497 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.916067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa is a pseudocereal originating from the Andean regions. Despite quinoa's long cultivation history, genetic analysis of this crop is still in its infancy. We aimed to localize quantitative trait loci (QTL) contributing to the phenotypic variation of agronomically important traits. We crossed the Chilean accession PI-614889 and the Peruvian accession CHEN-109, which depicted significant differences in days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, panicle length, and thousand kernel weight (TKW), saponin content, and mildew susceptibility. We observed sizeable phenotypic variation across F2 plants and F3 families grown in the greenhouse and the field, respectively. We used Skim-seq to genotype the F2 population and constructed a high-density genetic map with 133,923 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). Fifteen QTL were found for ten traits. Two significant QTL, common in F2 and F3 generations, depicted pleiotropy for days to flowering, plant height, and TKW. The pleiotropic QTL harbored several putative candidate genes involved in photoperiod response and flowering time regulation. This study presents the first high-density genetic map of quinoa that incorporates QTL for several important agronomical traits. The pleiotropic loci can facilitate marker-assisted selection in quinoa breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Barbier
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karl Schmid
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Jung
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nazgol Emrani
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Schröpfer S, Lempe J, Emeriewen OF, Flachowsky H. Recent Developments and Strategies for the Application of Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Apple Malus × domestica Borkh. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:928292. [PMID: 35845652 PMCID: PMC9280197 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.928292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Genetic transformation has become an important tool in plant genome research over the last three decades. This applies not only to model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana but also increasingly to cultivated plants, where the establishment of transformation methods could still pose many problems. One of such plants is the apple (Malus spp.), the most important fruit of the temperate climate zone. Although the genetic transformation of apple using Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been possible since 1989, only a few research groups worldwide have successfully applied this technology, and efficiency remains poor. Nevertheless, there have been some developments, especially in recent years, which allowed for the expansion of the toolbox of breeders and breeding researchers. This review article attempts to summarize recent developments in the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation strategies of apple. In addition to the use of different tissues and media for transformation, agroinfiltration, as well as pre-transformation with a Baby boom transcription factor are notable successes that have improved transformation efficiency in apple. Further, we highlight targeted gene silencing applications. Besides the classical strategies of RNAi-based silencing by stable transformation with hairpin gene constructs, optimized protocols for virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and artificial micro RNAs (amiRNAs) have emerged as powerful technologies for silencing genes of interest. Success has also been achieved in establishing methods for targeted genome editing (GE). For example, it was recently possible for the first time to generate a homohistont GE line into which a biallelic mutation was specifically inserted in a target gene. In addition to these methods, which are primarily aimed at increasing transformation efficiency, improving the precision of genetic modification and reducing the time required, methods are also discussed in which genetically modified plants are used for breeding purposes. In particular, the current state of the rapid crop cycle breeding system and its applications will be presented.
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