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Mubushar M, El-Hendawy S, Dewir YH, Al-Suhaibani N. Ability of Different Growth Indicators to Detect Salt Tolerance of Advanced Spring Wheat Lines Grown in Real Field Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:882. [PMID: 38592884 PMCID: PMC10974046 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth indicators (GIs) are important for evaluating how different genotypes respond to normal and stress conditions separately. They consider both the morphological and physiological components of plants between two successive growth stages. Despite their significance, GIs are not commonly used as screening criteria for detecting salt tolerance of genotypes. In this study, 36 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) along with four genotypes differing in their salt tolerance were grown under normal and 150 mM NaCl in a two-year field trial. The performance and salt tolerance of these germplasms were assessed through various GIs. The analysis of variance showed highly significant variation between salinity levels, genotypes, and their interaction for all GIs and other traits in each year and combined data for two years, with a few exceptions. All traits and GIs were significantly reduced by salinity stress, except for relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), and specific leaf weight (SLW), which increased under salinity conditions. Traits and GIs were more correlated with each other under salinity than under normal conditions. Principal component analysis organized traits and GIs into three main groups under both conditions, with RGR, NAR, and specific leaf area (SLA) closely associated with grain yield (GY) and harvest index, while leaf area duration (LAD) was closely associated with green leaf area (GLA), plant dry weight (PDW), and leaf area index (LAI). A hierarchical clustering heatmap based on GIs and traits organized germplasms into three and four groups under normal and salinity conditions, respectively. Based on the values of traits and GIs for each group, the germplasms varied from high- to low-performing groups under normal conditions and from salt-tolerant to salt-sensitive groups under salinity conditions. RGR, NAR, and LAD were important factors determining genotypic variation in GY of high- and low-performing groups, while all GIs, except leaf area duration (LAR), were major factors describing genotypic variation in GY of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive groups. In conclusion, different GIs that reveal the relationship between the morphological and physiological components of genotypes could serve as valuable selection criteria for evaluating the performance of genotypes under normal conditions and their salt tolerance under salinity stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salah El-Hendawy
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Wang Q, Shan C, Zhang P, Zhao W, Zhu G, Sun Y, Wang Q, Jiang Y, Shakoor N, Rui Y. The combination of nanotechnology and potassium: applications in agriculture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:1890-1906. [PMID: 38079036 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Potassium fertilizer is indispensable for ensuring crop production, which in turn supports global food supply and safe farming practices. Potassium resources are primarily located in the Northern Hemisphere, leading to a current shortage of affordable potash and severe soil deficiencies in certain regions of the Southern Hemisphere. There is a shift away from mined salts in favor of locally available potassium resources. Utilizing potassium-rich silicates, for instance, could be a viable option to address this situation. The imperative of enhancing crop productivity and quality necessitates either increasing potassium availability or utilizing potassium more efficiently. Geneticists may find the development of plants that use potassium more effectively to be a valuable pursuit. Nanomaterials are increasingly becoming part of people's professional lives as a novel material category. This technology is gradually finding applications in agriculture to boost crop yields while reducing environmental pollution. This paper reviews the applications of common potassium-containing materials, explores the effects and mechanisms of nano-fertilizers on plants, and offers insights into future applications of nano-potassium fertilizers in agriculture. All in all, the application of nanotechnology in the production and utilization of potassium fertilizers is both necessary and effective. However, there are still many gaps in the current field of nano-potassium fertilizer application that require further research. It is hoped that this review can serve as a valuable reference for researchers working in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chen Shan
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Weichen Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guikai Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Quanlong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaqi Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Noman Shakoor
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yukui Rui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- China Agricultural University Professor Workstation of Yuhuangmiao Town, Shanghe County, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- China Agricultural University Professor Workstation of Sunji Town, Shanghe County, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Zhang ZW, Fu YF, Yang XY, Yuan M, Zheng XJ, Luo XF, Zhang MY, Xie LB, Shu K, Reinbothe S, Reinbothe C, Wu F, Feng LY, Du JB, Wang CQ, Gao XS, Chen YE, Zhang YY, Li Y, Tao Q, Lan T, Tang XY, Zeng J, Chen GD, Yuan S. Singlet oxygen induces cell wall thickening and stomatal density reducing by transcriptome reprogramming. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105481. [PMID: 38041932 PMCID: PMC10731243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) has a very short half-life of 10-5 s; however, it is a strong oxidant that causes growth arrest and necrotic lesions on plants. Its signaling pathway remains largely unknown. The Arabidopsis flu (fluorescent) mutant accumulates a high level of 1O2 and shows drastic changes in nuclear gene expression. Only two plastid proteins, EX1 (executer 1) and EX2 (executer 2), have been identified in the singlet oxygen signaling. Here, we found that the transcription factor abscisic acid insensitive 4 (ABI4) binds the promoters of genes responsive to 1O2-signals. Inactivation of the ABI4 protein in the flu/abi4 double mutant was sufficient to compromise the changes of almost all 1O2-responsive-genes and rescued the lethal phenotype of flu grown under light/dark cycles, similar to the flu/ex1/ex2 triple mutant. In addition to cell death, we reported for the first time that 1O2 also induces cell wall thickening and stomatal development defect. Contrastingly, no apparent growth arrest was observed for the flu mutant under normal light/dim light cycles, but the cell wall thickening (doubled) and stomatal density reduction (by two-thirds) still occurred. These results offer a new idea for breeding stress tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring, Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Fan Fu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring, Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Yue Yang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring, Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Zheng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring, Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Luo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng-Yao Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring, Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin-Bei Xie
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring, Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Steffen Reinbothe
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes and Biologie Environnementale et Systémique (BEeSy), Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Christiane Reinbothe
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes and Biologie Environnementale et Systémique (BEeSy), Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Fan Wu
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling-Yang Feng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Bo Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang-Quan Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring, Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Song Gao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring, Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang-Er Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring, Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring, Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Tao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring, Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Lan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring, Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Tang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring, Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring, Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Guang-Deng Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring, Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring, Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu, China.
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Gandhi A, Oelmüller R. Emerging Roles of Receptor-like Protein Kinases in Plant Response to Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14762. [PMID: 37834209 PMCID: PMC10573068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The productivity of plants is hindered by unfavorable conditions. To perceive stress signals and to transduce these signals to intracellular responses, plants rely on membrane-bound receptor-like kinases (RLKs). These play a pivotal role in signaling events governing growth, reproduction, hormone perception, and defense responses against biotic stresses; however, their involvement in abiotic stress responses is poorly documented. Plant RLKs harbor an N-terminal extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and a C-terminal intracellular kinase domain. The ectodomains of these RLKs are quite diverse, aiding their responses to various stimuli. We summarize here the sub-classes of RLKs based on their domain structure and discuss the available information on their specific role in abiotic stress adaptation. Furthermore, the current state of knowledge on RLKs and their significance in abiotic stress responses is highlighted in this review, shedding light on their role in influencing plant-environment interactions and opening up possibilities for novel approaches to engineer stress-tolerant crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany;
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Luyckx A, Lutts S, Quinet M. Comparison of Salt Stress Tolerance among Two Leaf and Six Grain Cultivars of Amaranthus cruentus L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3310. [PMID: 37765474 PMCID: PMC10535409 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Amaranths (Amaranthus L.) are multi-use crop species renowned for their nutritional quality and their tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Since the soil salinity of croplands is a growing problem worldwide, we tested the salinity tolerance of six grain and two leaf cultivars of Amaranthus cruentus L. The plants were grown for 53 days under hydroponic conditions at 0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl. We investigated the growth rate, photosynthetic activity, mineral content, pigments and biochemical compounds involved in oxidative stress. Although 100 mM NaCl always decreased biomass production, we highlighted Don Leon and K91 as tolerant cultivars under moderate salt stress (50 mM NaCl). Under salinity, sodium accumulated more in the shoots than in the roots, particularly in the stems. Sodium accumulation in the plants decreased the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance but increased water use efficiency, and it decreased chlorophyll, betalain and polyphenol content in the leaves. It also decreased the foliar content of calcium, magnesium and potassium but not the iron and zinc content. The physiological parameters responded differently to sodium accumulation depending on the cultivar, suggesting a different relative importance of ionic and osmotic phases of salt stress among cultivars. Our results allowed us to identify the morpho-physiological traits of the cultivars with different salt tolerance levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muriel Quinet
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale, Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (A.L.); (S.L.)
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6
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Elfanah AMS, Darwish MA, Selim AI, Elmoselhy OMA, Ali AM, El-Maghraby MA, Abdelhamid MT. Hyperspectral reflectance and agro-physiological traits for field identification of salt-tolerant wheat genotypes using the genotype by yield*trait biplot technique. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1165113. [PMID: 37600199 PMCID: PMC10434226 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1165113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Salinity is the abiotic obstacle that diminishes food production globally. Salinization causes by natural conditions, such as climate change, or human activities, e.g., irrigation and derange misuse. To cope with the salinity problem, improve the crop environment or utilize crop/wheat breeding (by phenotyping), specifically in spread field conditions. For example, about 33 % of the cropping area in Egypt is affected by salinity. Methods Therefore, this study evaluated forty bread wheat genotypes under contrasting salinity field conditions across seasons 2019/20 and 2020/21 at Sakha research station in the north of Egypt. To identify the tolerance genotypes, performing physiological parameters, e.g., Fv/Fm, CCI, Na+, and K+, spectral reflectance indices (SRIs), such as NDVI, MCARI, and SR, and estimated salinity tolerance indices based on grain yield in non-saline soil and saline soil sites over the tested years. These traits (parameters) and grain yield are simultaneously performed for generating GYT biplots. Results The results presented significant differences (P≤0.01) among the environments, genotypes, and their interaction for grain yield (GY) evaluated in the four environments. And the first season for traits, grain yield (GY), plant height (PH), harvest index (HI), chlorophyll content index (CCI), chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in contrasting salinity environments. Additionally, significant differences were detected among environments, genotypes, and their interaction for grain yield along with spectral reflectance indices (SRIs), e.g., Blue/Green index (BIG2), curvature index (CI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Modified simple ratio (MSR). Relying on the genotype plus genotype by environment (GGE) approach, genotypes 34 and 1 are the best for salinity sites. Genotypes 1 and 29 are the best from the genotype by stress tolerance indices (GSTI) biplot and genotype 34. Genotype 1 is the best from the genotype by yield*trait (GYT) method with spectral reflectance indices. Discussion Therefore, we can identify genotype 1 as salinity tolerant based on the results of GSTI and GYT of SRIs and recommend involvement in the salinity breeding program in salt-affected soils. In conclusion, spectral reflectance indices were efficiently identifying genotypic variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. S. Elfanah
- Wheat Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
- Food Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Mohamed A. Darwish
- Wheat Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Adel I. Selim
- National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omnya M. A. Elmoselhy
- Wheat Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdelraouf M. Ali
- National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS), Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Maher A. El-Maghraby
- Wheat Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Magdi T. Abdelhamid
- Botany Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Paliwal S, Tripathi MK, Tiwari S, Tripathi N, Payasi DK, Tiwari PN, Singh K, Yadav RK, Asati R, Chauhan S. Molecular Advances to Combat Different Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.): A Comprehensive Review. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1461. [PMID: 37510365 PMCID: PMC10379177 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Flax, or linseed, is considered a "superfood", which means that it is a food with diverse health benefits and potentially useful bioactive ingredients. It is a multi-purpose crop that is prized for its seed oil, fibre, nutraceutical, and probiotic qualities. It is suited to various habitats and agro-ecological conditions. Numerous abiotic and biotic stressors that can either have a direct or indirect impact on plant health are experienced by flax plants as a result of changing environmental circumstances. Research on the impact of various stresses and their possible ameliorators is prompted by such expectations. By inducing the loss of specific alleles and using a limited number of selected varieties, modern breeding techniques have decreased the overall genetic variability required for climate-smart agriculture. However, gene banks have well-managed collectionns of landraces, wild linseed accessions, and auxiliary Linum species that serve as an important source of novel alleles. In the past, flax-breeding techniques were prioritised, preserving high yield with other essential traits. Applications of molecular markers in modern breeding have made it easy to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for various agronomic characteristics. The genetic diversity of linseed species and the evaluation of their tolerance to abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, heavy metal tolerance, and temperature, as well as resistance to biotic stress factors, viz., rust, wilt, powdery mildew, and alternaria blight, despite addressing various morphotypes and the value of linseed as a supplement, are the primary topics of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Paliwal
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Sushma Tiwari
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Niraj Tripathi
- Directorate of Research Services, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur 482004, India
| | - Devendra K Payasi
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Linseed, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Sagar 470001, India
| | - Prakash N Tiwari
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Kirti Singh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Ruchi Asati
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Shailja Chauhan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
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Aouz A, Khan I, Chattha MB, Ahmad S, Ali M, Ali I, Ali A, Alqahtani FM, Hashem M, Albishi TS, Qari SH, Chatta MU, Hassan MU. Silicon Induces Heat and Salinity Tolerance in Wheat by Increasing Antioxidant Activities, Photosynthetic Activity, Nutrient Homeostasis, and Osmo-Protectant Synthesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2606. [PMID: 37514221 PMCID: PMC10385395 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Modern agriculture is facing the challenges of salinity and heat stresses, which pose a serious threat to crop productivity and global food security. Thus, it is necessary to develop the appropriate measures to minimize the impacts of these serious stresses on field crops. Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element on earth and has been recognized as an important substance to mitigate the adverse effects of abiotic stresses. Thus, the present study determined the role of Si in mitigating adverse impacts of salinity stress (SS) and heat stress (HS) on wheat crop. This study examined response of different wheat genotypes, namely Akbar-2019, Subhani-2021, and Faisalabad-2008, under different treatments: control, SS (8 dSm-1), HS, SS + HS, control + Si, SS + Si, HS+ Si, and SS + HS+ Si. This study's findings reveal that HS and SS caused a significant decrease in the growth and yield of wheat by increasing electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production; sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) accumulation; and decreasing relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll and carotenoid content, total soluble proteins (TSP), and free amino acids (FAA), as well as nutrient uptake (potassium, K; calcium, Ca; and magnesium, Mg). However, Si application offsets the negative effects of both salinity and HS and improved the growth and yield of wheat by increasing chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, RWC, antioxidant activity, TSP, FAA accumulation, and nutrient uptake (Ca, K, and Mg); decreasing EL, electrolyte leakage, MDA, and H2O2; and restricting the uptake of Na+ and Cl-. Thus, the application of Si could be an important approach to improve wheat growth and yield under normal and combined saline and HS conditions by improving plant physiological functioning, antioxidant activities, nutrient homeostasis, and osmolyte accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansa Aouz
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Chattha
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Ahmad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muqarrab Ali
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- School of Life Sciences & Center of Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Abid Ali
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fatmah M Alqahtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tasahil S Albishi
- Biology Department, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer H Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Umer Chatta
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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9
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Wang Y, Ma W, Fu H, Li L, Ruan X, Zhang X. Effects of Salinity Stress on Growth and Physiological Parameters and Related Gene Expression in Different Ecotypes of Sesuvium portulacastrum on Hainan Island. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1336. [PMID: 37510241 PMCID: PMC10380013 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a study to examine the growth and physiological changes in 12 different ecotypes of Sesuvium portulacastrum collected from Hainan Island in China. These ecotypes were subjected to different concentrations (0, 200, 400, and 600 mmol/L) of sodium chloride (NaCl) salt stress for 14 days. We also analyzed the expression of metabolic genes related to stress response. Under low salt stress, indicators such as plant height in region K (0 mmol/L: 45% and highest at 200 mmol/L: 80%), internode length (0 mmol/L: 0.38, 200 mmol/L: 0.87, 400 mmol/L: 0.25, and 600 mmol/L: 1.35), as well as leaf area, relative water content, fresh weight, and dry weight exhibited an overall increasing trend with the increase in salt concentration. However, as the salt concentration increased, these indicators showed a decreasing trend. Proline and malondialdehyde contents increased with higher salt concentrations. When the NaCl concentration was 400 mmol/L, MDA content in the leaves was highest in the regions E (196.23%), F (94.28%), J (170.10%), and K (136.08%) as compared to the control group, respectively. Most materials demonstrated a significant decrease in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content compared to the control group. Furthermore, the ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b (Rab) varied among different materials. Using principal component analysis, we identified three ecotypes (L from Xinglong Village, Danzhou City; B from Shuigoupo Village, Lingshui County; and J from Haidongfang Park, Dongfang City) that represented high, medium, and low salt tolerance levels, respectively, based on the above growth and physiological indexes. To further investigate the expression changes of related genes at the transcriptional level, we employed qRT-PCR. The results showed that the relative expression of SpP5CS1, SpLOX1, and SpLOX1 genes increased with higher salt concentrations, which corresponded to the accumulation of proline and malondialdehyde content, respectively. However, the relative expression of SpCHL1a and SpCHL1b did not exhibit a consistent pattern. This study contributes to our understanding of the salt tolerance mechanism in the true halophyte S. portulacastrum, providing a solid theoretical foundation for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Haijiang Fu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Liting Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Xueyu Ruan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
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10
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Chen L, Meng Y, Yang W, Lv Q, Zhou L, Liu S, Tang C, Xie Y, Li X. Genome-wide analysis and identification of TaRING-H2 gene family and TaSDIR1 positively regulates salt stress tolerance in wheat. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125162. [PMID: 37263334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is an abiotic stress factor that limits high yields, and thus identifying salt tolerance genes is very important for improving the tolerance of salt in wheat. In this study we identified 274 TaRING-H2 family members and analyzed their gene positions, gene structures, conserved structural domains, promoter cis-acting elements and covariance relationships. And we investigated TaRING-H2-120 (TaSDIR1) in salt stress. Transgenic lines exhibited higher salt tolerance in the germination and seedling stages. Compared with the wild type, overexpression of TaSDIR1 upregulated the expression of genes encoding enzymes related to the control of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby reducing the accumulation of ROS, as well as increased the expression of ion transport-related genes to limit the inward flow of Na+ in vivo and maintain a higher K+/Na+ ratio. The expression levels of these genes were opposite in lines where TaSDIR1 was silenced by BSMV-VIGS, and the silenced wheat exhibited higher salt sensitivity. Arabidopsis mutants and heterologous TaSDIR1 overexpressing lines had similar salt stress tolerance phenotypes. We also demonstrated that TaSDIR1 interacted with TaSDIR1P2 in vivo and in vitro. A sequence of 80-100 amino acids in TaSDIR1P2 encoded a coiled coil domain that was important for the activity of E3 ubiquitin ligase, and it was also the core region for the interaction between TaSDIR1 and TaSDIR1P2. Overall, our results suggest that TaSDIR1 positively regulates salt stress tolerance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ying Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weibing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Qian Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chenghan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanzhou Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xuejun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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11
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González F, Santander C, Ruiz A, Pérez R, Moreira J, Vidal G, Aroca R, Santos C, Cornejo P. Inoculation with Actinobacteria spp. Isolated from a Hyper-Arid Environment Enhances Tolerance to Salinity in Lettuce Plants ( Lactuca sativa L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2018. [PMID: 37653935 PMCID: PMC10222102 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Irrigated agriculture is responsible for a third of global agricultural production, but the overuse of water resources and intensification of farming practices threaten its sustainability. The use of saline water in irrigation has become an alternative in areas subjected to frequent drought, but this practice affects plant growth due to osmotic impact and excess of ions. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can mitigate the negative impacts of salinity and other abiotic factors on crop yields. Actinobacteria from the hyper-arid Atacama Desert could increase the plant tolerance to salinity, allowing their use as biofertilizers for lettuce crops using waters with high salt contents. In this work, rhizosphere samples of halophytic Metharme lanata were obtained from Atacama Desert, and actinobacteria were isolated and identified by 16S gene sequencing. The PGPR activities of phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, and the production of siderophore and auxin were assessed at increasing concentrations of NaCl, as well as the enhancement of salt tolerance in lettuce plants irrigated with 100 mM of NaCl. Photosynthesis activity and chlorophyll content, proline content, lipid peroxidation, cation and P concentration, and the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds were assessed. The strains S. niveoruber ATMLC132021 and S. lienomycini ATMLC122021 were positive for nitrogen fixation and P solubilization activities and produced auxin up to 200 mM NaCl. In lettuce plants, both strains were able to improve salt stress tolerance by increasing proline contents, carotenoids, chlorophyll, water use efficiency (WUE), stomatal conductance (gs), and net photosynthesis (A), concomitantly with the overproduction of the phenolic compound dicaffeoylquinic acid. All these traits were positively correlated with the biomass production under saltwater irrigation, suggesting its possible use as bioinoculants for the agriculture in areas where the water resources are scarce and usually with high salt concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe González
- Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.R.); (R.P.); (J.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Christian Santander
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.R.); (R.P.); (J.M.); (C.S.)
- Grupo de Ingeniería Ambiental y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070411, Chile;
| | - Antonieta Ruiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.R.); (R.P.); (J.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Rodrigo Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.R.); (R.P.); (J.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Jorge Moreira
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.R.); (R.P.); (J.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Gladys Vidal
- Grupo de Ingeniería Ambiental y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070411, Chile;
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain;
| | - Cledir Santos
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.R.); (R.P.); (J.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile
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Zuzunaga-Rosas J, González-Orenga S, Calone R, Rodríguez-Heredia R, Asaff-Torres A, Boscaiu M, Ibáñez-Asensio S, Moreno-Ramón H, Vicente O. Use of a Biostimulant to Mitigate the Effects of Excess Salinity in Soil and Irrigation Water in Tomato Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1190. [PMID: 36904049 PMCID: PMC10005399 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is linked to progressive soil salinisation, which reduces crop yields, especially in irrigated farmland on arid and semiarid regions. Therefore, it is necessary to apply sustainable and effective solutions that contribute to enhanced crop salt tolerance. In the present study, we tested the effects of a commercial biostimulant (BALOX®) containing glycine betaine (GB) and polyphenols on the activation of salinity defense mechanisms in tomato. The evaluation of different biometric parameters and the quantification of biochemical markers related to particular stress responses (osmolytes, cations, anions, oxidative stress indicators, and antioxidant enzymes and compounds) was carried out at two phenological stages (vegetative growth and the beginning of reproductive development) and under different salinity conditions (saline and non-saline soil, and irrigation water), using two formulations (different GB concentrations) and two doses of the biostimulant. Once the experiments were completed, the statistical analysis revealed that both formulations and doses of the biostimulant produced very similar effects. The application of BALOX® improved plant growth and photosynthesis and assisted osmotic adjustment in root and leaf cells. The biostimulant effects are mediated by the control of ion transport, reducing the uptake of toxic Na+ and Cl- ions and favoring the accumulation of beneficial K+ and Ca2+ cations, and a significant increase in leaf sugar and GB contents. BALOX® significantly reduced salt-induced oxidative stress and its harmful effects, as evidenced by a decrease in the concentration of oxidative stress biomarkers, such as malondialdehyde and oxygen peroxide, which was accompanied by the reduction of proline and antioxidant compound contents and the specific activity of antioxidant enzymes with respect to the non-treated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Zuzunaga-Rosas
- Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain (H.M.-R.)
- Innovak Global S. A. de C. V., Blvd. Lombardo Toledano 6615, La Concordia, Chihuahua 31375, Mexico
| | - Sara González-Orenga
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Roberta Calone
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, I-40128 Bologna, I-00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Raúl Rodríguez-Heredia
- Innovak Global S. A. de C. V., Blvd. Lombardo Toledano 6615, La Concordia, Chihuahua 31375, Mexico
| | - Ali Asaff-Torres
- Innovak Global S. A. de C. V., Blvd. Lombardo Toledano 6615, La Concordia, Chihuahua 31375, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Monica Boscaiu
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Ibáñez-Asensio
- Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain (H.M.-R.)
| | - Héctor Moreno-Ramón
- Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain (H.M.-R.)
| | - Oscar Vicente
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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13
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Exogenous Melatonin Improves Seed Germination of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158436. [PMID: 35955571 PMCID: PMC9368970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) can effectively reduce oxidative damage induced by abiotic stresses such as salt in plants. However, the effects of MT on physiological responses and molecular regulation during wheat germination remains largely elusive. In this study, the response of wheat seeds to MT under salt stress during germination was investigated at physiological and transcriptome levels. Our results revealed that application of MT significantly reduced the negative influence of salt stress on wheat seed germination. The oxidative load was reduced by inducing high activities of antioxidant enzymes. In parallel, the content of gibberellin A3 (GA3) and jasmonic acid (JA) increased in MT-treated seedling. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that MT alters oxidoreductase activity and phytohormone-dependent signal transduction pathways under salt stress. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that MT participates in enhanced energy metabolism and protected seeds via maintained cell morphology under salt stress during wheat seed germination. Our findings provide a conceptual basis of the MT-mediated regulatory mechanism in plant adaptation to salt stress, and identify the potential candidate genes for salt-tolerant wheat molecular breeding.
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Ahmed HGMD, Zeng Y, Raza H, Muhammad D, Iqbal M, Uzair M, Khan MA, Iqbal R, EL Sabagh A. Characterization of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) accessions using morpho-physiological traits under varying levels of salinity stress at seedling stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:953670. [PMID: 35958197 PMCID: PMC9358580 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.953670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses are the major stressors affecting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production worldwide. The world population is increasing continuously. It is very difficult to feed the population because one-third world's population consumes wheat as a staple food. Among all abiotic stresses, salinity is one that led to a drastic reduction in wheat crop fitness and productivity. Thus, understanding the effects of salinity stress becomes indispensable for wheat improvement programs which have depended mainly on the genetic variations present in the wheat genome through conventional breeding. Therefore, an experiment was conducted using a complete randomized design with four replications, to determine the selection criteria for salinity-tolerant germplasm based on morphophysiological traits at the seedling stage. Three levels of salt solutions, i.e., 4, 8, and 12 dSm-1 were applied and the performance of different genotypes under these three salinities levels was observed. Results depicted that leaf water content and relative water content were correlated with each other. Notably, selection based on these traits increased the performance of other characters. The genotypes G11, G13, G18, G22, and G36 performed best in the salinity stress. So, these genotypes are considered salinity-tolerant genotypes. The genotypes G4, G17, G19, G30, and G38 performed worst in the stress and these were salinity-susceptible genotypes. From the results of the principal component (PC) analysis, the first five PCs were indicated to have a substantial genetic variation from the total of 14 PCs. These PCs showed 75, 73, 65.324, and 65.162% of total variation under normal, salinity level 4, 8, and 12 dSm-1, respectively. Stomatal conductance, fresh shoot weight and fresh root weight, and dry shoot weight and dry root weight were not significant and negatively associated with all other traits studied, except for relative water and leaf water content. Overall, the results suggested that selection based on leaf water content and relative water content at the seedling stage would genetically improve salinity tolerance. Genotypes with good performance under salt stress conditions may be useful in future breeding programs and will be effective in developing high-yielding salt-tolerant wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Yawen Zeng
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Humayun Raza
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Dur Muhammad
- Department of Botany, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mueen Alam Khan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ayman EL Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
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15
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Sanwal SK, Kumar P, Kesh H, Gupta VK, Kumar A, Kumar A, Meena BL, Colla G, Cardarelli M, Kumar P. Salinity Stress Tolerance in Potato Cultivars: Evidence from Physiological and Biochemical Traits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11141842. [PMID: 35890476 PMCID: PMC9316722 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress is a major constraint to sustainable crop production due to its adverse impact on crop growth, physiology, and productivity. As potato is the fourth most important staple food crop, enhancing its productivity is necessary to ensure food security for the ever-increasing population. Identification and cultivation of salt-tolerant potato genotypes are imperative mitigating strategies to cope with stress conditions. For this purpose, fifty-three varieties of potato were screened under control and salt stress conditions for growth and yield-related traits during 2020. Salt stress caused a mean reduction of 14.49%, 8.88%, and 38.75% in plant height, stem numbers, and tuber yield, respectively in comparison to control. Based on percent yield reduction, the genotypes were classified as salt-tolerant (seven genotypes), moderately tolerant (thirty-seven genotypes), and salt-sensitive genotypes (nine genotypes). Seven salt-tolerant and nine salt-sensitive genotypes were further evaluated to study their responses to salinity on targeted physiological, biochemical, and ionic traits during 2021. Salt stress significantly reduced the relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance, and K+/Na+ ratio in all the sixteen genotypes; however, this reduction was more pronounced in salt-sensitive genotypes compared to salt-tolerant ones. The better performance of salt-tolerant genotypes under salt stress was due to the strong antioxidant defense system as evidenced by greater activity of super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and better osmotic adjustment (accumulation of proline). The stepwise regression approach identified plant height, stem numbers, relative water content, proline content, H2O2, POX, tuber K+/Na+, and membrane stability index as predominant traits for tuber yield, suggesting their significant role in alleviating salt stress. The identified salt-tolerant genotypes could be used in hybridization programs for the development of new high-yielding and salt-tolerant breeding lines. Further, these genotypes can be used to understand the genetic and molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Sanwal
- ICAR—Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India; (P.K.); (H.K.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (B.L.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Parveen Kumar
- ICAR—Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India; (P.K.); (H.K.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (B.L.M.)
- ICAR—Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Ela, Old Goa 403402, India
| | - Hari Kesh
- ICAR—Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India; (P.K.); (H.K.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (B.L.M.)
| | - Vijai Kishor Gupta
- ICAR—Central Potato Research Institute, Regional Station Modipuram, Meerut 250110, India;
| | - Arvind Kumar
- ICAR—Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India; (P.K.); (H.K.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (B.L.M.)
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- ICAR—Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India; (P.K.); (H.K.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (B.L.M.)
| | - Babu Lal Meena
- ICAR—Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India; (P.K.); (H.K.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (B.L.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Mariateresa Cardarelli
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.K.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- ICAR—Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342003, India;
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Sánchez-Bermúdez M, del Pozo JC, Pernas M. Effects of Combined Abiotic Stresses Related to Climate Change on Root Growth in Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:918537. [PMID: 35845642 PMCID: PMC9284278 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.918537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a major threat to crop productivity that negatively affects food security worldwide. Increase in global temperatures are usually accompanied by drought, flooding and changes in soil nutrients composition that dramatically reduced crop yields. Against the backdrop of climate change, human population increase and subsequent rise in food demand, finding new solutions for crop adaptation to environmental stresses is essential. The effects of single abiotic stress on crops have been widely studied, but in the field abiotic stresses tend to occur in combination rather than individually. Physiological, metabolic and molecular responses of crops to combined abiotic stresses seem to be significantly different to individual stresses. Although in recent years an increasing number of studies have addressed the effects of abiotic stress combinations, the information related to the root system response is still scarce. Roots are the underground organs that directly contact with the soil and sense many of these abiotic stresses. Understanding the effects of abiotic stress combinations in the root system would help to find new breeding tools to develop more resilient crops. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding the effects of combined abiotic stress in the root system in crops. First, we will provide a general overview of root responses to particular abiotic stresses. Then, we will describe how these root responses are integrated when crops are challenged to the combination of different abiotic stress. We will focus on the main changes on root system architecture (RSA) and physiology influencing crop productivity and yield and convey the latest information on the key molecular, hormonal and genetic regulatory pathways underlying root responses to these combinatorial stresses. Finally, we will discuss possible directions for future research and the main challenges needed to be tackled to translate this knowledge into useful tools to enhance crop tolerance.
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17
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Zhang MX, Bai R, Nan M, Ren W, Wang CM, Shabala S, Zhang JL. Evaluation of salt tolerance of oat cultivars and the mechanism of adaptation to salinity. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 273:153708. [PMID: 35504119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a threat to agricultural production worldwide. Oat (Avena sativa L.) is an irreplaceable crop in areas with fragile ecological conditions. However, there is a lack of research on salt tolerance evaluation of oat germplasm resources. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the salt tolerance of oat cultivars and investigate the mechanism of salt-tolerant oat cultivars' adaptation to salinity. Salt tolerance of 100 oat cultivars was evaluated, and then two salt-tolerant cultivars and two salt-sensitive cultivars were used to compare their physiological responses and expression patterns of Na+- and K+-transport-related genes under salinity. Principal component analysis and membership function analysis had good predictability for salt tolerance evaluation of oat and other crops. The 100 oat cultivars were clustered into three categories, with three salt tolerance levels. Under saline condition, salt-tolerant cultivars maintained higher growth rate, leaf cell membrane integrity, and osmotic adjustment capability via enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and accumulating more osmotic regulators. Furthermore, salt-tolerant cultivars had stronger capability to restrict root Na + uptake through reducing AsAKT1 and AsHKT2;1 expression, exclude more Na+ from root through increasing AsSOS1 expression, compartmentalize more Na + into root vacuoles through increasing AsNHX1 and AsVATP-P1 expression, and absorb more K+ through increasing AsKUP1 expression, compared with salt-sensitive cultivars. The evaluation procedure developed in this work can be applied for screening cereal crop cultivars with higher salt tolerance, and the elucidated mechanism of oat adaptation to salinity lays a foundation for identifying more functional genes related to salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering, Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering, Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Nan
- Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering, Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Mei Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, PR China; School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
| | - Jin-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering, Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Uzair M, Ali M, Fiaz S, Attia K, Khan N, Al-Doss AA, Ramzan Khan M, Ali Z. The Characterization of Wheat Genotypes for Salinity Tolerance Using Morpho-Physiological Indices under Hydroponic Conditions. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103299. [PMID: 35574282 PMCID: PMC9092983 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity affects plant growth, development, yield, and is a big challenge for wheat growth across the globe. Possible feasible solution is creation of salt-tolerant material, genetic variation is a criterion to developing genetically superior individuals. To assess the genetic variation for salt tolerance, nationally and internationally-derived 81 wheat genotypes were selected and evaluated in 0- and 150-mM salt in nutritional culture at seedling stage. Results indicate that salinity levels reveal significant (p ≤ 0.01) differences for fresh root weight (RW), shoot length (SL), fresh shoot weight (SW), total plant length (TL), total fresh weight (TW), root/shoot weight ratio (RSWR), root/shoot length ratio (RSLR), and relative growth rate for weight (RGR-Wt). While, there was no difference for root length (RL). Hierarchical Clustering and Pairwise correlation analysis showed TW, RGR-Wt, SL, SW, and RW were positively correlated among themselves, whereas RL had poor correlations with all the traits except TL and RSLR. Hence, selection of SL can improve the performance of other parameters. Based on PCA analysis, SW and RGR-Wt were the major discriminative components for wheat genotypes. Present study explained that shoot related parameters could be used as a selection criterion to categorize salt-tolerant genotypes. Outperforming genotypes 1104 and 1106 in saline conditions could be used as parents in creation of salt-tolerant wheat genotypes, and parameters such as SL, SW, TW, and RGR-Wt for early screening will be important for creating salt-tolerant and high yielding wheat genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Uzair
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Corresponding authors at: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China (M. Uzair). Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan (Z. Ali).
| | - Mohsin Ali
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Kotb Attia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Abdullah A. Al-Doss
- Biotechnology Lab, Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ramzan Khan
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
- Corresponding authors at: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China (M. Uzair). Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan (Z. Ali).
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19
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Johnson R, Vishwakarma K, Hossen MS, Kumar V, Shackira AM, Puthur JT, Abdi G, Sarraf M, Hasanuzzaman M. Potassium in plants: Growth regulation, signaling, and environmental stress tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 172:56-69. [PMID: 35032888 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is an essential element for the growth and development of plants; however, its scarcity or excessive level leads to distortion of numerous functions in plants. It takes part in the control of various significant functions in plant advancement. Because of the importance index, K is regarded second after nitrogen for whole plant growth. Approximately, higher than 60 enzymes are reliant on K for activation within the plant system, in which K plays a vital function as a regulator. Potassium provides assistance in plants against abiotic stress conditions in the environment. With this background, the present paper reviews the physiological functions of K in plants like stomatal regulation, photosynthesis and water uptake. The article also focuses upon the uptake and transport mechanisms of K along with its role in detoxification of reactive oxygen species and in conferring tolerance to plants against abiotic stresses. It also highlights the research progress made in the direction of K mediated signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Johnson
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O, Kerala, 673635, India
| | | | - Md Shahadat Hossen
- Independent Researcher, C/O: Prof. Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Ramban, 182144, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - A M Shackira
- Department of Botany, Sir Syed College, Taliparamba, Kannur, Kerala, 670142, India
| | - Jos T Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sarraf
- Department of Horticulture Science, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
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20
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Choudhary A, Kaur N, Sharma A, Kumar A. Evaluation and screening of elite wheat germplasm for salinity stress at the seedling phase. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:2207-2215. [PMID: 34549444 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important constraints for global cereal production, and breeding for salinity tolerance is a challenge. The limited gene pools, merged information regarding osmotic stress/tissue tolerance mechanism(s) including the accumulation of Na+ , over-stressed on the Na+ exclusion mechanism, and inadequate suitable screening methods further weaken the progress. In the present study, an attempt was made to evaluate the salt tolerance in Triticum aestivum lines using the membership function value (MFV) of certain traits viz., the root and shoot length (RL & SL), shoot and root fresh weight (SFW & RFW), shoot and root dry weight (SDW & RDW) and germination percentage (GP). This study screened 314 wheat lines (278 linked top cross population [LTPs] and 36 normal wheat cultivars) under lab conditions to evaluate their salt tolerance. A positive, and the highest, correlation coefficient was recorded between salt tolerance index (STI) of SL and the STI of RL.0.11 highly salt tolerant (HST), 59 salt tolerant (ST), 100 moderately salt tolerant (MST), 137 salt sensitive (SS), and seven highly salt sensitive (HSS) were observed with a distance of 2.2 between each category. The R-square value was maximum (0.836) between the STI of SFW and the mean MFV, which can be used as the most reliable trait for the salinity tolerance in T. aestivum at the germination phase. Wheat tolerant lines had higher tolerance to salt stress in comparison with the used normal wheat cultivars were detected at the seedling stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Choudhary
- Department of Botany, Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Nirmaljit Kaur
- Department of Botany, Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Achla Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Antul Kumar
- Department of Botany, Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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21
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Kumari S, Chhillar H, Chopra P, Khanna RR, Khan MIR. Potassium: A track to develop salinity tolerant plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:1011-1023. [PMID: 34598021 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major constraints to plant growth and development across the globe that leads to the huge crop productivity loss. Salinity stress causes impairment in plant's metabolic and cellular processes including disruption in ionic homeostasis due to excess of sodium (Na+) ion influx and potassium (K+) efflux. This condition subsequently results in a significant reduction of the cytosolic K+ levels, eventually inhibiting plant growth attributes. K+ plays a crucial role in alleviating salinity stress by recasting key processes of plants. In addition, K+ acquisition and retention also serve as the perquisite trait to establish salt tolerant mechanism. In addition, an intricate network of genes and their regulatory elements are involved in coordinating salinity stress responses. Furthermore, plant growth regulators (PGRs) and other signalling molecules influence K+-mediated salinity tolerance in plants. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have also been found several implications in plants with respect to their roles in mediating K+ homoeostasis during salinity stress in plants. The present review describes salinity-induced adversities in plants and role of K+ in mitigating salinity-induced damages. The review also highlights the efficacy of PGRs and other signalling molecules in regulating K+ mediated salinity tolerance along with nano-technological perspective for improving K+ mediated salinity tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Kumari
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | | | - Priyanka Chopra
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | | | - M Iqbal R Khan
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India.
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22
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Pretreatment with H 2O 2 Alleviates the Negative Impacts of NaCl Stress on Seed Germination of Tartary Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091784. [PMID: 34579317 PMCID: PMC8471425 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Soil salinization is one of the main abiotic stress factors impacting the growth of crops and the agricultural industry today. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of H2O2 pretreatment on seed germination in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) seeds under salt stress and to evaluate this species’ salt tolerance. Through the preliminary experiment, this study used 50 mmol L−1 NaCl solution to induce seed stress. After soaking for 12 h in different H2O2 concentrations, seeds were laid in Petri dishes with 50 mmol L−1 NaCl for seven days and the germination parameters and physiological indicators were measured to screen the optimal H2O2 pretreatment concentration and the salt tolerance index. Our results indicated that pretreatment with 5–10 mmol L−1 H2O2 was most effective in alleviating NaCl’s impacts on the seeds’ germination parameters. Furthermore, the growth and material accumulation of seedlings was promoted; catalase, superoxide dismutase activity, and proline content were enhanced; and malondialdehyde content was reduced. Principal component analysis and stepwise regression revealed six key indicators that had a significant impact on the salt tolerance characteristics of F. tataricum, namely, germination potential, shoot fresh weight, root surface area, root average diameter, catalase activity, and superoxide dismutase activity.
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