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Eckberg JN, Rodríguez‐Cabal MA, Barrios‐García MN, Sanders NJ. Plant Functional Traits, but Not Community Composition, Are Affected by Summer Precipitation and Herbivory in an Old-Field Ecosystem. Ecol Evol 2025; 15:e71399. [PMID: 40342720 PMCID: PMC12058645 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.71399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2025] [Revised: 03/28/2025] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Both precipitation and herbivores can independently control plant community composition and ecosystem function. However, few studies have experimentally examined the potential interactive effects of altered precipitation and herbivores on plant communities and plant traits. Here, we manipulated summer precipitation and insect presence in an old-field ecosystem and quantified their interactive effects on plant community structure and functional traits. Overall, the effect of an insect herbivore on the plant community was contingent on the precipitation treatment. There were no experimental effects on total plant biomass or plant species richness, but grass biomass was higher in the absence of insect herbivores only in reduced summer precipitation plots. Furthermore, plant functional diversity and the community-averaged trends of several plant functional traits related to resource use and herbivore resistance varied systematically with reduced precipitation and insect presence. We demonstrate that the effect of reduced precipitation on plant biomass, functional diversity, and the community-averaged trends of plant functional traits can be mediated by the presence of insects. Our findings further suggest that the functional traits of the common plant species in the community are the most affected by the combined manipulation of altered summer precipitation and insect presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N. Eckberg
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Mariano A. Rodríguez‐Cabal
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, INIBIOMAUniversidad Nacional del Comahue, CONICETSan Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - M. Noelia Barrios‐García
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
- CENAC‐APN, CONICETUniversidad Nacional del Comahue (CRUB)San Carlos de BarilocheArgentina
| | - Nathan J. Sanders
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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Zeng Q, Hu HW, Ge AH, Xiong C, Zhai CC, Duan GL, Han LL, Huang SY, Zhang LM. Plant-microbiome interactions and their impacts on plant adaptation to climate change. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2025; 67:826-844. [PMID: 39981843 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2025] [Accepted: 01/20/2025] [Indexed: 02/22/2025]
Abstract
Plants have co-evolved with a wide range of microbial communities over hundreds of millions of years, this has drastically influenced their adaptation to biotic and abiotic stress. The rapid development of multi-omics approaches has greatly improved our understanding of the diversity, composition, and functions of plant microbiomes, but how global climate change affects the assembly of plant microbiomes and their roles in regulating host plant adaptation to changing environmental conditions is not fully known. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in the community assembly of plant microbiomes, and their responses to climate change factors such as elevated CO2 levels, warming, and drought. We further delineate the research trends and hotspots in plant-microbiome interactions in the context of climate change, and summarize the key mechanisms by which plant microbiomes influence plant adaptation to the changing climate. We propose that future research is urgently needed to unravel the impact of key plant genes and signal molecules modulated by climate change on microbial communities, to elucidate the evolutionary response of plant-microbe interactions at the community level, and to engineer synthetic microbial communities to mitigate the effects of climate change on plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Regional and Urban Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hang-Wei Hu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - An-Hui Ge
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chao Xiong
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Chang-Chun Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Gui-Lan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Regional and Urban Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Li-Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Regional and Urban Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Si-Yun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Regional and Urban Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Regional and Urban Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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3
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Wu J, Wang H, Li G, Chen N. Effects of nitrogen deposition on soil nitrogen fractions and enzyme activities in wet meadow of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Sci Rep 2024; 14:31848. [PMID: 39738611 PMCID: PMC11686321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-83285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Soil nitrogen (N) transformation is an essential portion of the N cycle in wetland ecosystems, governing the retention status of soil N by controlling the effective soil N content. N deposition produced by human activities changes the physical characteristics of soil, affecting N fractions and enzyme activities. To characterize these influences, three different N addition levels (N5, 5 g/m2; N10, 10 g/m2; N15, 15 g/m2) were established using a wet meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) as a control treatment (0 g/m2). We investigated the features of soil physical property alterations, N fractions contents, and enzyme activities under N addition conditions throughout the peak plant growth season. Our findings indicated that N addition significantly enhanced soil aeration, porosity, total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-) content, and urease activity. At the same time, it decreased soil dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) content and bulk density (BD). Additionally, N addition treatment exerted a significant seasonal impact on soil nitrogen component content. The nitrogen component content within the surface soil (0-10 cm) under four treatments is more sensitive to N addition, whereas the nitrogen component in the deep soil is relatively stable. Principal component analysis demonstrated that soil aeration and porosity were the primary factors affecting soil N fractions and enzyme activities. The findings suggested that lower levels of N addition promoted the transformation process of soil N pools in wet meadows and exacerbated the loss of N in wetland ecosystems. Our findings indicate that sustained increases in N deposition will accelerate soil microbial N cycling, potentially overcoming N limitation in alpine wetland ecosystems and exacerbating the risk of N loss and greenhouse gas emissions from alpine wetland surface soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangqi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Gansu Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Guang Li
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Nan Chen
- Wushan County Productivity Promotion Center, Tianshui, 741300, China.
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Soares MB, Rodrigues RR, Péres LO, Cerri CEP, Alleoni LRF. Impact of climatic seasons on the dynamics of carbon, nitrogen and mercury in soils of Brazilian biomes affected by gold mining. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176279. [PMID: 39278505 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Land use change, especially mining activities, contributes to anthropic CO2 emissions, leading to decreased carbon (C) storage and loss of biodiversity. Artisanal gold mining associated with the use of mercury (Hg) for amalgamation may change soil organic matter (SOM) contents, and the release of Hg into the environment generates serious environmental problems. Changes in soil biogeochemistry due to C loss and seasonal climate fluctuations affect Hg dynamics and can either increase or decrease its availability. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the impact of mining on SOM and Hg geochemistry in four Brazilian biomes. We evaluated the dynamics of C and Hg in the dry and rainy seasons of mining and pasture areas by combining spectroscopic, thermogravimetric, and chemical extraction. The critical role of SOM in Hg retention and the influence of climatic seasons on C and nitrogen (N) stocks were highlighted, along with the availability of Hg in solution. Key findings indicated a 50 % reduction in soil C stocks in mined areas, exacerbated during dry seasons, which also saw up to a 70 % increase in bioavailable Hg. SOM played a critical role in Hg retention, with Hg availability closely linked to soil C stability. These results highlight the environmental degradation linked to mining and suggest strategies to mitigate these impacts by increasing SOM and immobilizing Hg. Amalgamation of gold directly into ore, as in the Amazon, has generated great soil Hg stocks, while Hg availability appeared to be governed by soil C stability. This information can serve as a basis for choosing strategies to mitigate environmental degradation caused by changes in land use in mining activities to promote increase in SOM and to immobilize Hg contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus B Soares
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), 13418900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rebeca R Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Hybrid Materials, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 09913030 Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura O Péres
- Laboratory of Hybrid Materials, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 09913030 Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo P Cerri
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), 13418900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Carbon Research in Tropical Agriculture (CCARBON), University of Sao Paulo (USP), 13418900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Reynaldo F Alleoni
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), 13418900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tang J, Li W, Wei T, Huang R, Zeng Z. Patterns and Mechanisms of Legume Responses to Nitrogen Enrichment: A Global Meta-Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:3244. [PMID: 39599453 PMCID: PMC11598177 DOI: 10.3390/plants13223244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2024] [Revised: 11/10/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N), while the most abundant element in the atmosphere, is an essential soil nutrient that limits plant growth. Leguminous plants naturally possess the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen through symbiotic relationships with rhizobia in their root nodules. However, the widespread use of synthetic N fertilizers in modern agriculture has led to N enrichment in soils, causing complex and profound effects on legumes. Amid ongoing debates about how leguminous plants respond to N enrichment, the present study compiles 2174 data points from 162 peer-reviewed articles to analyze the impacts and underlying mechanisms of N enrichment on legumes. The findings reveal that N enrichment significantly increases total legume biomass by 30.9% and N content in plant tissues by 13.2% globally. However, N enrichment also leads to notable reductions, including a 5.8% decrease in root-to-shoot ratio, a 21.2% decline in nodule number, a 29.3% reduction in nodule weight, and a 27.1% decrease in the percentage of plant N derived from N2 fixation (%Ndfa). Legume growth traits and N2-fixing capability in response to N enrichment are primarily regulated by climatic factors, such as mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP), as well as the aridity index (AI) and N fertilizer application rates. Correlation analyses show that plant biomass is positively correlated with MAT, and tissue N content also exhibits a positive correlation with MAT. In contrast, nodule numbers and tissue N content are negatively correlated with N fertilizer application rates, whereas %Ndfa shows a positive correlation with AI and MAP. Under low N addition, the increase in total biomass in response to N enrichment is twice as large as that observed under high N addition. Furthermore, regions at lower elevations with abundant hydrothermal resources are especially favorable for total biomass accumulation, indicating that the responses of legumes to N enrichment are habitat-specific. These results provide scientific evidence for the mechanisms underlying legume responses to N enrichment and offer valuable insights and theoretical references for the conservation and management of legumes in the context of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Li
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (J.T.); (T.W.); (R.H.); (Z.Z.)
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Liu Q, Eisenhauer N, Scheu S, Angst G, Bücker M, Huang Y, Meador TB, Schädler M. Climate-dependent plant responses to earthworms in two land-use types. Oecologia 2024; 204:133-146. [PMID: 38147134 PMCID: PMC10830777 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant nutrient uptake and productivity are driven by a multitude of factors that have been modified by human activities, like climate change and the activity of decomposers. However, interactive effects of climate change and key decomposer groups like earthworms have rarely been studied. In a field microcosm experiment, we investigated the effects of a mean future climate scenario with warming (+ 0.50 °C to + 0.62 °C) and altered precipitation (+ 10% in spring and autumn, - 20% in summer) and earthworms (anecic-two Lumbricus terrestris, endogeic-four Allolobophora chlorotica and both together within 10 cm diameter tubes) on plant biomass and stoichiometry in two land-use types (intensively used meadow and conventional farming). We found little evidence for earthworm effects on aboveground biomass. However, future climate increased above- (+40.9%) and belowground biomass (+44.7%) of grass communities, which was mainly driven by production of the dominant Festulolium species during non-summer drought periods, but decreased the aboveground biomass (- 36.9%) of winter wheat. Projected climate change and earthworms interactively affected the N content and C:N ratio of grasses. Earthworms enhanced the N content (+1.2%) thereby decreasing the C:N ratio (- 4.1%) in grasses, but only under ambient climate conditions. The future climate treatment generally decreased the N content of grasses (aboveground: - 1.1%, belowground: - 0.15%) and winter wheat (- 0.14%), resulting in an increase in C:N ratio of grasses (aboveground: + 4.2%, belowground: +6.3%) and wheat (+5.9%). Our results suggest that climate change diminishes the positive effects of earthworms on plant nutrient uptakes due to soil water deficit, especially during summer drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liu
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerrit Angst
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Miriam Bücker
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Travis B Meador
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Schädler
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Saixiyala, Chen L, Yi F, Qiu X, Sun H, Cao H, Baoyin T, Ye X, Huang Z. Warming in combination with increased precipitation mediate the sexual and clonal reproduction in the desert steppe dominant species Stipa breviflora. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:474. [PMID: 37807079 PMCID: PMC10561481 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04439-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonal plants can successfully adapt to various ecosystems. A trade-off between sexual and clonal reproduction is generally assumed in clonal plants, which may be influenced both by the characteristics of the plant itself and environmental conditions. Currently, it is unclear how climate change, and specifically warming and increased precipitation, might affect sexual and clonal reproduction in clonal plants. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate both the sexual and clonal reproduction responses of Stipa breviflora to warming and increased precipitation. A controlled experiment was conducted by inducing increases in precipitation (ambient condition, 25% and 50% increases) and warming (ambient temperature, 1.5 °C and 3.0 °C increases). RESULTS Warming significantly influenced both the ratio of reproductive ramet shoot biomass to total shoot biomass, and the ratio of reproductive ramet number to total ramet number. Additionally, the ratio of reproductive ramet shoot biomass to total shoot biomass was also significantly affected by increased precipitation. Increased precipitation benefited sexual reproduction, while effects of warming on reproductive and/or vegetative ramets varied from negative to positive depending on precipitation conditions. There was no relationship between the number or shoot biomass of reproductive ramets and vegetative ramets. Reproductive ramets displayed greater sensitivity to climate change than vegetative ramets. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study suggest that there was no trade-off between sexual and clonal reproduction in S. breviflora. The combined impact of warming and increased precipitation promoted sexual reproduction but did not inhibit clonal reproduction. Clonal plants with the capacity for both sexual and clonal reproduction, may cope with climate change well via clonal reproduction, ensuring their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saixiyala
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Fengyan Yi
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010030, China
| | - Xiao Qiu
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010030, China
| | - Hailian Sun
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010030, China
| | - Hongxia Cao
- Suzhou Vocational Technical College, Suzhou, 234099, China
| | - Taogetao Baoyin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
| | - Xuehua Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Zhenying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
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Wei X, Han B, Wu B, Shao X, Qian Y. Stronger effects of simultaneous warming and precipitation increase than the individual factor on soil bacterial community composition and assembly processes in an alpine grassland. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1237850. [PMID: 37720152 PMCID: PMC10502225 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1237850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Composition and traits of soil microbial communities that closely related to their ecological functions received extensive attention in the context of climate changes. We investigated the responses of soil bacterial community structure, traits, and functional genes to the individual warming, precipitation increases, and the combination of warming and precipitation increases in an alpine grassland in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau that is experiencing warming and wetting climate change. Soil properties, plant diversity and biomass were measured, and the ecological processes and environmental factors driving bacterial community changes were further explored. Results indicated that the Shannon diversity of soil bacterial communities decreased significantly only under the combination treatment, which might due to the decreased plant diversity. Soil bacterial community composition was significantly correlated with soil pH, and was affected obviously by the combination treatment. At the taxonomic classification, the relative abundance of Xanthobacteraceae and Beijerinckiaceae increased 127.67 and 107.62%, while the relative abundance of Rubrobacteriaceae and Micromonosporaceae decreased 78.29 and 54.72% under the combination treatment. Functional genes related to nitrogen and phosphorus transformation were enhanced in the combination treatment. Furthermore, weighted mean ribosomal operon copy numbers that positively correlated with plant aboveground biomass increased remarkably in the combination treatment, indicating a trend of life-history strategies shift from oligotrophic to copiotrophic. Stochastic processes dominated soil bacterial community, and the proportion of stochasticity increased under the combination treatment. Our study highlights the significant effects of simultaneous warming and precipitation increase on soil bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wei
- Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Han
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xinqing Shao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Qian
- Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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