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Wu JS, Mu DW, Feng NJ, Zheng DF, Sun ZY, Khan A, Zhou H, Song YW, Liu JX, Luo JQ. Integrated Analyses Reveal the Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Brassinolide in Modulating Salt Tolerance in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 14:1555. [PMID: 40431122 PMCID: PMC12114769 DOI: 10.3390/plants14101555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2025] [Revised: 05/16/2025] [Accepted: 05/19/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025]
Abstract
Salt stress poses a significant threat to crop growth. While brassinolide (BR) has been shown to alleviate its adverse effects and modulate plant development, the precise mechanism underlying BR-induced salt tolerance in rice remains unclear. In this study, the Chaoyouqianhao and Huanghuazhan rice varieties were employed to investigate the effects of BR seed soaking on the seedling phenotype, physiology, transcriptome, and metabolome under salt stress. The results demonstrated that BR treatment significantly enhanced rice plant height, root length, biomass, and antioxidant enzyme activities, while reducing leaf membrane damage, promoting ion homeostasis, and improving the photosynthetic capacity and salt tolerance. The transcriptome analysis revealed that BR regulated the expression of 1042 and 826 genes linked to antioxidant activity, ion homeostasis, photosynthesis, and lipid metabolism under salt stress. These included genes involved in Na+ efflux (OsNCED2, OsHKT2;1, and OsHKT1;1), photosynthetic electron transport (OsFd5 and OsFdC1), photosystem II (OsPsbR1, OsPsbR2, and OsPsbP), and CO2 fixation. The metabolomic analysis identified 91 and 57 metabolite alterations induced by BR, primarily linked to amino acid, flavonoid, and lipid metabolism, with notable increases in antioxidant metabolites such as lignanoside, isorhamnetin, and L-glutamic acid. The integrated analysis highlighted the pivotal roles of 12-OPDA in α-linolenic acid metabolism and genes related to lipid metabolism, JA metabolism, and JA signal transduction in BR-mediated salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shuang Wu
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (J.-S.W.); (D.-W.M.); (Z.-Y.S.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.-W.S.); (J.-X.L.); (J.-Q.L.)
| | - De-Wei Mu
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (J.-S.W.); (D.-W.M.); (Z.-Y.S.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.-W.S.); (J.-X.L.); (J.-Q.L.)
| | - Nai-Jie Feng
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (J.-S.W.); (D.-W.M.); (Z.-Y.S.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.-W.S.); (J.-X.L.); (J.-Q.L.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Dian-Feng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (J.-S.W.); (D.-W.M.); (Z.-Y.S.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.-W.S.); (J.-X.L.); (J.-Q.L.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Sun
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (J.-S.W.); (D.-W.M.); (Z.-Y.S.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.-W.S.); (J.-X.L.); (J.-Q.L.)
| | - Aaqil Khan
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (J.-S.W.); (D.-W.M.); (Z.-Y.S.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.-W.S.); (J.-X.L.); (J.-Q.L.)
| | - Hang Zhou
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (J.-S.W.); (D.-W.M.); (Z.-Y.S.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.-W.S.); (J.-X.L.); (J.-Q.L.)
| | - Yi-Wen Song
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (J.-S.W.); (D.-W.M.); (Z.-Y.S.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.-W.S.); (J.-X.L.); (J.-Q.L.)
| | - Jia-Xin Liu
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (J.-S.W.); (D.-W.M.); (Z.-Y.S.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.-W.S.); (J.-X.L.); (J.-Q.L.)
| | - Jia-Qi Luo
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (J.-S.W.); (D.-W.M.); (Z.-Y.S.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.-W.S.); (J.-X.L.); (J.-Q.L.)
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Li M, Hu S, Bai X, Ren J, Tian K, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Nguyen V. Comparative Study on the Effects of Silicon Nanoparticles and Cellulose Nanocrystals on Drought Tolerance in Tall Fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 14:1461. [PMID: 40431030 PMCID: PMC12114911 DOI: 10.3390/plants14101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2025] [Revised: 05/07/2025] [Accepted: 05/12/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025]
Abstract
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is a herbaceous species that is commonly used for ecological slope restoration in China. However, water scarcity often constrains its growth due to the unique site conditions of steep slopes and climate-induced drought stress. This study aims to compare the ameliorative effects of silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) on drought stress in tall fescue and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms of action. The results indicated that drought stress impaired photosynthesis, restricted nutrient absorption, and increased oxidative stress, ultimately reducing biomass. However, Si NPs and CNCs enhanced drought tolerance and promoted biomass accumulation by improving photosynthesis, osmotic regulation, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Specifically, Si NP treatment increased biomass by 48.71% compared to drought-stressed control plants, while CNCs resulted in a 33.41% increase. Transcriptome sequencing further revealed that both nanomaterials enhanced drought tolerance by upregulating genes associated with photosynthesis and antioxidant defense. Additionally, Si NPs improved drought tolerance by stimulating root growth, enhancing nutrient uptake, and improving leaf structure. In contrast, CNCs play a distinct role by regulating the expression of genes related to cell wall synthesis and metabolism. These findings highlight the crucial roles of these two nanomaterials in plant stress protection and offer a sustainable strategy for the maintenance and management of slope vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.L.); (S.H.); (X.B.); (J.R.)
| | - Sile Hu
- College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.L.); (S.H.); (X.B.); (J.R.)
| | - Xulong Bai
- College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.L.); (S.H.); (X.B.); (J.R.)
| | - Jie Ren
- College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.L.); (S.H.); (X.B.); (J.R.)
| | - Kanliang Tian
- College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.L.); (S.H.); (X.B.); (J.R.)
| | - Huili Zhang
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhilong Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Vanquy Nguyen
- Southern Branch of Joint Vietnam-Russia Tropical Science and Technology Research Center, Hochiminh 740500, Vietnam;
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Wu Y, Guo Q, Long C, El-Kassaby YA, Sun Y, Li Y. Transcriptomic and Phenotypic Analyses Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Dwarfing in Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia L. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1312. [PMID: 38279314 PMCID: PMC10816058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyploid breeding techniques aid in the cultivation of new forestry cultivars, thus expanding the suite of strategies for the improvement of arboreal traits and innovation within the field of forestry. Compared to diploid Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust) 'D26-5①' (2×), its dwarfed homologous tetraploid 'D26-5②' (4×) variety has better application prospects in garden vegetation guardrails and urban landscape. However, the molecular mechanism of the generation and growth of this dwarf variety is still unclear. Here, plant growth and development as well as histological differences between the diploid and its autotetraploid were investigated. Levels of endogenous hormones at three different developmental stages (20, 40, and 70 days) of 2× and homologous 4× tissue culture plantlets were assessed, and it was found that the brassinosteroid (BR) contents of the former were significantly higher than the latter. Transcriptome sequencing data analysis of 2× and homologous 4× showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in plant hormone synthesis and signal transduction, sugar and starch metabolism, and the plant circadian rhythm pathway, which are closely related to plant growth and development. Therefore, these biological pathways may be important regulatory pathways leading to dwarfism and slow growth in tetraploids. Additionally, utilizing weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified three crucial differentially expressed genes (DEGs)-PRR5, CYP450, and SPA1-that potentially underlie the observed ploidy variation. This study provides a new reference for the molecular mechanism of dwarfism in dwarfed autotetraploid black locusts. Collectively, our results of metabolite analysis and comparative transcriptomics confirm that plant hormone signaling and the circadian rhythm pathway result in dwarfism in black locusts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.W.)
| | - Qi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.W.)
| | - Cui Long
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.W.)
| | - Yousry A. El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Yuhan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.W.)
| | - Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.W.)
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Yang X, Jiang Z, He J, Shen L. iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Unveils Protein Dynamics in the Root of Solanum melongena L. under Waterlogging Stress Conditions. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1399. [PMID: 37374181 DOI: 10.3390/life13061399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Waterlogging poses significant abiotic stress that endangers the survival of plants, including crops. In response, plants dramatically change their physiology to enhance their tolerance to waterlogging, such as proteome reconfiguration. Here, we utilized isobaric tags for the relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based protein labeling technique to examine the proteomic changes induced by waterlogging in the roots of Solanum melongena L., a solanaceous plant. The plants were subjected to 6, 12, and 24 h of waterlogging stress at the flowering stage. Of the 4074 identified proteins, compared to the control, the abundance of the proteins increased and decreased in 165 and 78 proteins, respectively, in 6 h of treatments; 219 and 89 proteins, respectively, in 12 h of treatments; and 126 and 127 proteins, respectively, in 24 h of treatments. The majority of these differentially regulated proteins participated in processes such as energy metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, signal transduction, and nitrogen metabolism. Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and three alcohol dehydrogenase genes, in particular, were up- or down-regulated in waterlogging-treated Solanum melongena roots, suggesting that some proteins related to anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis and fermentation) may play vital roles in protecting its roots from waterlogging stress to enable long-term survival. Overall, this research not only offers a comprehensive dataset of protein alterations in waterlogged Solanum melongena roots but also insights into the mechanisms by which solanaceous plants adapt to waterlogging stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jie He
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lei Shen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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