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Kataya A, Nascimento JRS, Xu C, Garneau MG, Koley S, Kimberlin A, Mukherjee T, Mooney BP, Xu D, Bates PD, Allen DK, Koo AJ, Thelen JJ. Comparative Omics Reveals Unanticipated Metabolic Rearrangements in a High-Oil Mutant of Plastid Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase. J Proteome Res 2025. [PMID: 40377540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2025]
Abstract
Heteromeric acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to produce malonyl-CoA, which is the committed step for de novo fatty acid synthesis. In plants, ACCase activity is controlled at multiple levels, including negative regulation by biotin attachment domain-containing (BADC) proteins, of which the badc1/3 double mutant leads to increased seed triacylglycerol accumulation. Unexpectedly, the Arabidopsis badc1/3 mutant also accumulated more protein. The metabolic consequences from both higher oil and protein were investigated in developing badc1/3 seed using global transcriptomics, translatomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other biomass measurements. Changes included increased storage proteins and lipid droplet-packaging proteins, increased SDP1 lipase, altered organic acid metabolism, and reduced extracellular lipid synthesis perhaps offsetting the increase in TAG. We present a model of how Arabidopsis adapted to deregulated ACCase, resulting in more oil, and altered flux through pathways that partition carbon and propose targets for future bioengineering of seed storage reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Kataya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jose Roberto S Nascimento
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Matthew G Garneau
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Somnath Koley
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, United States
| | - Athen Kimberlin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Thiya Mukherjee
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, United States
| | - Brian P Mooney
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Dong Xu
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Philip D Bates
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Doug K Allen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, United States
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, United States
| | - Abraham J Koo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jay J Thelen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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do Nascimento NN, Cansian ABM, de Sousa JS, Negrão FN, Tardioli PW, Vieira AMS. Plants lipases: challenges, recent advances, and future prospects - a review. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2025:10.1007/s00449-025-03164-y. [PMID: 40220056 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-025-03164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025]
Abstract
Plant lipases offer a sustainable and promising alternative for various industrial applications, with increasing use in biocatalytic processes in recent years. Leveraging plants as renewable resources reduces dependence on animal or microbial sources, providing significant potential for sustainable lipase production. These lipases are biodegradable and less toxic, enhancing their cost-effectiveness, particularly when sourced from plants with additional economic value. The diversity of plant species offers a wide array of lipases with different properties, broadening their industrial applications. Additionally, integrating plant lipase production into existing agricultural processes by using agricultural residues or by-products as enzyme sources can reduce costs and add value to waste materials. Despite their potential, several challenges must be addressed for the effective utilization of plant-derived lipases. Reducing extraction and purification costs is essential to make these enzymes competitive with other sources. Advancements in the biochemical and structural characterization of plant lipases have facilitated enzymatic engineering approaches to enhance enzyme stability, specificity, and catalytic efficiency. A review of the current research can help identify gaps and suggest new directions for enzyme development and technological advancements. Understanding the mechanisms of action and unique properties of plant lipases can drive innovations in biocatalytic processes. This review aims to highlight the characteristics of plant lipases and the challenges in their extraction, purification, and stability. This study conducted a narrative review using a database of relevant studies, selecting 92 studies. The future of plant lipases holds great promise for transformative impacts across various industries, promoting more sustainable and innovative practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Novelli do Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, Centre of Agrarian Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Bárbara Moulin Cansian
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Jumara Silva de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engieering, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Novelli Negrão
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Enhancement, Centre of Agrarian Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Waldir Tardioli
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Kimberlin AN, Mahmud S, Holtsclaw RE, Walker A, Conrad K, Morley SA, Welti R, Allen DK, Koo AJ. Inducible expression of DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE 1 enhances triacylglycerol accumulation and lipid droplet formation in vegetative tissues. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2025; 121:e70088. [PMID: 40052427 PMCID: PMC11886949 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.70088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2025] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/10/2025]
Abstract
Bioengineering efforts to increase oil in non-storage vegetative tissues, which constitute the majority of plant biomass, are promising sustainable sources of renewable fuels and feedstocks. While plants typically do not accumulate significant amounts of triacylglycerol (TAG) in vegetative tissues, we report here that the expression of a plastid-localized phospholipase A1 protein, DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE1 (DAD1), led to a substantial increase in leaf TAG in Arabidopsis. Using an inducible system to control DAD1 expression circumvented growth penalties associated with overexpressing DAD1 and resulted in a rapid burst of TAG within several hours. The increase of TAG was accompanied by the formation of oil bodies in the leaves, petioles, and stems, but not in the roots. Lipid analysis indicated that the increase in TAG was negatively correlated with plastidial galactolipid concentration. The fatty acid (FA) composition of TAG predominantly consisted of 18:3. Expression of DAD1 in the fad3fad7fad8 mutant, devoid of 18:3, resulted in comparable TAG accumulation with 18:2 as the major FA constituent, reflecting the flexible in vivo substrate use of DAD1. The transient expression of either Arabidopsis DAD1 or Nicotiana benthamiana DAD1 (NbDAD1) in N. benthamiana leaves stimulated the accumulation of TAG. Similarly, transgenic soybeans expressing Arabidopsis DAD1 exhibited an accumulation of TAG in the leaves, showcasing the biotechnological potential of this technology. In summary, inducible expression of a plastidial lipase resulted in enhanced oil production in vegetative tissues, extending our understanding of lipid remodeling mediated by DAD1 and offering a valuable tool for metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athen N. Kimberlin
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri65211USA
- Present address:
Aldevron LLCMadisonWisconsin53719USA
| | - Sakil Mahmud
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri65211USA
- Present address:
Department of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesLincoln UniversityJefferson CityMissouri65101USA
| | - Rebekah E. Holtsclaw
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri65211USA
- Present address:
Rubi LaboratoriesAlamedaCalifornia94502USA
| | - Alexie Walker
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri65211USA
| | - Kristyn Conrad
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri65211USA
| | | | - Ruth Welti
- Division of BiologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKansas66506USA
| | - Doug K. Allen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMissouri63132USA
- USDA‐ARSSt. LouisMissouri63132USA
| | - Abraham J. Koo
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri65211USA
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Murphy KM, Johnson BS, Harmon C, Gutierrez J, Sheng H, Kenney S, Gutierrez‐Ortega K, Wickramanayake J, Fischer A, Brown A, Czymmek KJ, Bates PD, Allen DK, Gehan MA. Excessive leaf oil modulates the plant abiotic stress response via reduced stomatal aperture in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2025; 121:e70067. [PMID: 40089836 PMCID: PMC11910668 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.70067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2025] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/17/2025]
Abstract
High lipid producing (HLP) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is a potential biofuel crop that produces an excess of 30% dry weight as lipid bodies in the form of triacylglycerol. While using HLP tobacco as a sustainable fuel source is promising, it has not yet been tested for its tolerance to warmer environments that are expected in the near future as a result of climate change. We found that HLP tobacco had reduced stomatal conductance, which results in increased leaf temperatures up to 1.5°C higher under control and high temperature (38°C day/28°C night) conditions, reduced transpiration, and reduced CO2 assimilation. We hypothesize this reduction in stomatal conductance is due to the presence of excessive, large lipid droplets in HLP guard cells imaged using confocal microscopy. High temperatures also significantly reduced total fatty acid levels by 55% in HLP plants; thus, additional engineering may be needed to maintain high titers of leaf oil under future climate conditions. High-throughput image analysis techniques using open-source image analysis platform PlantCV for thermal image analysis (plant temperature), stomata microscopy image analysis (stomatal conductance), and fluorescence image analysis (photosynthetic efficiency) were developed and applied in this study. A corresponding set of PlantCV tutorials are provided to enable similar studies focused on phenotyping future crops under adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Murphy
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center975 N. Warson RdSt. LouisMissouri63132USA
| | | | - Courtney Harmon
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center975 N. Warson RdSt. LouisMissouri63132USA
| | - Jorge Gutierrez
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center975 N. Warson RdSt. LouisMissouri63132USA
| | - Hudanyun Sheng
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center975 N. Warson RdSt. LouisMissouri63132USA
| | - Samuel Kenney
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center975 N. Warson RdSt. LouisMissouri63132USA
| | | | | | - Annika Fischer
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center975 N. Warson RdSt. LouisMissouri63132USA
| | - Autumn Brown
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center975 N. Warson RdSt. LouisMissouri63132USA
| | - Kirk J. Czymmek
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center975 N. Warson RdSt. LouisMissouri63132USA
| | | | - Doug K. Allen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center975 N. Warson RdSt. LouisMissouri63132USA
- USDA ARSSt. LouisMissouri63132USA
| | - Malia A. Gehan
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center975 N. Warson RdSt. LouisMissouri63132USA
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Bates PD, Shockey J. Towards rational control of seed oil composition: dissecting cellular organization and flux control of lipid metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2025; 197:kiae658. [PMID: 39657632 PMCID: PMC11812464 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Revised: 11/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024]
Abstract
Plant lipids represent a fascinating field of scientific study, in part due to a stark dichotomy in the limited fatty acid (FA) composition of cellular membrane lipids vs the huge diversity of FAs that can accumulate in triacylglycerols (TAGs), the main component of seed storage oils. With few exceptions, the strict chemical, structural, and biophysical roles imposed on membrane lipids since the dawn of life have constrained their FA composition to predominantly lengths of 16-18 carbons and containing 0-3 methylene-interrupted carbon-carbon double bonds in cis-configuration. However, over 450 "unusual" FA structures can be found in seed oils of different plants, and we are just beginning to understand the metabolic mechanisms required to produce and maintain this dichotomy. Here we review the current state of plant lipid research, specifically addressing the knowledge gaps in membrane and storage lipid synthesis from 3 angles: pathway fluxes including newly discovered TAG remodeling, key acyltransferase substrate selectivities, and the possible roles of "metabolons."
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Bates
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jay Shockey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
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Mukherjee T, Kambhampati S, Morley SA, Durrett TP, Allen DK. Metabolic flux analysis to increase oil in seeds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2025; 197:kiae595. [PMID: 39499667 PMCID: PMC11823122 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/07/2024]
Abstract
Ensuring an adequate food supply and enough energy to sustainably support future global populations will require enhanced productivity from plants. Oilseeds can help address these needs; but the fatty acid composition of seed oils is not always optimal, and higher yields are required to meet growing demands. Quantitative approaches including metabolic flux analysis can provide insights on unexpected metabolism (i.e. when metabolism is different than in a textbook) and can be used to guide engineering efforts; however, as metabolism is context specific, it changes with tissue type, local environment, and development. This review describes recent insights from metabolic flux analysis in oilseeds and indicates engineering opportunities based on emerging topics and developing technologies that will aid quantitative understanding of metabolism and enable efforts to produce more oil. We also suggest that investigating the key regulators of fatty acid biosynthesis, such as transcription factors, and exploring metabolic signals like phytohormones in greater depth through flux analysis could open new pathways for advancing genetic engineering and breeding strategies to enhance oil crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiya Mukherjee
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Shrikaar Kambhampati
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stewart A Morley
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Timothy P Durrett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, 1711 Claflin Rd, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Doug K Allen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
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Park K, Quach T, Clark TJ, Kim H, Zhang T, Wang M, Guo M, Sato S, Nazarenus TJ, Blume R, Blume Y, Zhang C, Moose SP, Swaminathan K, Schwender J, Clemente TE, Cahoon EB. Development of vegetative oil sorghum: From lab-to-field. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2025; 23:660-673. [PMID: 39615039 PMCID: PMC11772366 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 11/08/2024] [Accepted: 11/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2025]
Abstract
Biomass crops engineered to accumulate energy-dense triacylglycerols (TAG or 'vegetable oils') in their vegetative tissues have emerged as potential feedstocks to meet the growing demand for renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Unlike oil palm and oilseed crops, the current commercial sources of TAG, vegetative tissues, such as leaves and stems, only transiently accumulate TAG. In this report, we used grain (Texas430 or TX430) and sugar-accumulating 'sweet' (Ramada) genotypes of sorghum, a high-yielding, environmentally resilient biomass crop, to accumulate TAG in leaves and stems. We initially tested several gene combinations for a 'push-pull-protect' strategy. The top TAG-yielding constructs contained five oil transgenes for a sorghum WRINKLED1 transcription factor ('push'), a Cuphea viscosissima diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT; 'pull'), a modified sesame oleosin ('protect') and two combinations of specialized Cuphea lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases and medium-chain acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterases. Though intended to generate oils with medium-chain fatty acids, engineered lines accumulated oleic acid-rich oil to amounts of up to 2.5% DW in leaves and 2.0% DW in stems in the greenhouse, 36-fold and 49-fold increases relative to wild-type (WT) plants, respectively. Under field conditions, the top-performing event accumulated TAG to amount to 5.5% DW in leaves and 3.5% DW in stems, 78-fold and 58-fold increases, respectively, relative to WT TX430. Transcriptomic and fluxomic analyses revealed potential bottlenecks for increased TAG accumulation. Overall, our studies highlight the utility of a lab-to-field pipeline coupled with systems biology studies to deliver high vegetative oil sorghum for SAF and renewable diesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoul Park
- Center for Plant Science InnovationUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Truyen Quach
- Center for Plant Science InnovationUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | | | - Hyojin Kim
- Center for Plant Science InnovationUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Tieling Zhang
- Plant Transformation Core Research Facility, Agricultural Research Division, Institute of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Plant Transformation Core Research Facility, Agricultural Research Division, Institute of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Ming Guo
- Center for Plant Science InnovationUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Shirley Sato
- Plant Transformation Core Research Facility, Agricultural Research Division, Institute of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Tara J. Nazarenus
- Center for Plant Science InnovationUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Rostislav Blume
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and GenomicsNational Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine
| | - Yaroslav Blume
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and GenomicsNational Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine
| | - Chi Zhang
- Center for Plant Science InnovationUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Stephen P. Moose
- Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | | | - Jörg Schwender
- Biology DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Thomas Elmo Clemente
- Plant Transformation Core Research Facility, Agricultural Research Division, Institute of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
- Department of Agronomy & HorticultureUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Edgar B. Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science InnovationUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
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Zhan Y, Wang J, Zhao X, Zheng Z, Gan Y. Arachis hypogaea monoacylglycerol lipase AhMAGL3b participates in lipid metabolism. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:1278. [PMID: 39736532 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-06017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 12/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/01/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) belongs to the serine hydrolase family; it catalyzes MAG to produce glycerol and free fatty acids (FFAs), which is the final step in triacylglycerol (TAG) hydrolysis. The effects of MAGL on comprehensive lipid metabolism and plant growth and development have not been elucidated, especially in Arachis hypogaea, an important oil crop. RESULTS Herein, AhMAGL3b encoding a protein with both hydrolase and acyltransferase regions, a member of MAGL gene family, was cloned and overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. A total of 9 homozygous T3 generation transgenic lines were obtained. Compared with wild type (WT), overexpression (OE) of AhMAGL3b had no obvious growth inhibition by investigation of agronomic traits, including growth and photosynthetic parameters. The leaf fatty acid (FA) content was increased by 12.1-27.4% in AhMAGL3b-OE lines, while seed oil content was decreased by 10.7-17.3%. Furthermore, the overexpression of AhMAGL3b resulted in higher soluble sugar and starch content, and lower total soluble protein content in both leaves and seeds. Additionally, during seed germination, AhMAGL3b-OE seeds were more dormant than that of WT and the sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) treatment was decreased. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results indicate that AhMAGL3b is involved in homeostasis among carbohydrates, lipids and protein in A. hypogaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Zhan
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Zhifu Zheng
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yi Gan
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Marino L, Altabe S, Colono CM, Podio M, Ortiz JPA, Balaban D, Stein J, Spoto N, Acuña C, Siena LA, Gerde J, Albertini E, Pessino SC. Transcriptome-guided breeding for Paspalum notatum: producing apomictic hybrids with enhanced omega-3 content. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 138:2. [PMID: 39645625 PMCID: PMC11625688 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/09/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Transcriptomics- and FAME-GC-MS-assisted apomixis breeding generated Paspalum notatum hybrids with clonal reproduction and increased α-linolenic acid content, offering the potential to enhance livestock product's nutritional quality and reduce methane emissions A low omega-6:omega-3 fatty acid ratio is considered an indicator of the nutritional impact of milk fat on human health. In ruminants, major long-chain fatty acids, such as linoleic acid (18:2, omega-6) and α-linolenic acid (18:3, omega-3), originate from dietary sources and reach the milk via the bloodstream. Since forages are the primary source of long-chain fatty acids for such animals, they are potential targets for improving milk lipid composition. Moreover, a high 18:3 content in their diet is associated with reduced methane emissions during grazing. This work aimed to develop genotypes of the forage grass Paspalum notatum with high leaf 18:3 content and the ability for clonal reproduction via seeds (apomixis). We assembled diploid and polyploid Paspalum notatum leaf transcriptomes and recovered sequences of two metabolism genes associated with the establishment of lipid profiles, namely SUGAR-DEPENDENT 1 (SDP1) and PEROXISOMAL ABC TRANSPORTER 1 (PXA1). Primers were designed to amplify all expressed paralogs in leaves. qPCR was used to analyse SDP1 and PXA1 expression in seven divergent genotypes. Reduced levels of SDP1 and PXA1 were found in the polyploid sexual genotype Q4188. Fatty acid methyl esters/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (FAME/GC/MS) assays confirmed an increased percentage of 18:3 in this genotype. Crosses between Q4188 and the obligate apomictic pollen donor Q4117 resulted in two apomictic F1 hybrids (JS9 and JS71) with reduced SDP1 and PXA1 levels, increased 18:3 content, and clonal maternal reproduction. These materials could enhance milk and meat quality while reducing greenhouse gas emissions during grazing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Marino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET-UNR), Parque Villarino S/N, Z2125ZAA Zavalla, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Silvia Altabe
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET-UNR), 27 de Febrero 27 Bis, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Carolina Marta Colono
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET-UNR), Parque Villarino S/N, Z2125ZAA Zavalla, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Maricel Podio
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET-UNR), Parque Villarino S/N, Z2125ZAA Zavalla, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Amelio Ortiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET-UNR), Parque Villarino S/N, Z2125ZAA Zavalla, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - David Balaban
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET-UNR), Parque Villarino S/N, Z2125ZAA Zavalla, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Juliana Stein
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET-UNR), Parque Villarino S/N, Z2125ZAA Zavalla, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Spoto
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET-UNR), Parque Villarino S/N, Z2125ZAA Zavalla, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlos Acuña
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET-UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2134, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Lorena Adelina Siena
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET-UNR), Parque Villarino S/N, Z2125ZAA Zavalla, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - José Gerde
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET-UNR), Parque Villarino S/N, Z2125ZAA Zavalla, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Emidio Albertini
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari E Ambientali, Università Degli Studi Di Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvina Claudia Pessino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET-UNR), Parque Villarino S/N, Z2125ZAA Zavalla, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Stupar RM, Locke AM, Allen DK, Stacey MG, Ma J, Weiss J, Nelson RT, Hudson ME, Joshi T, Li Z, Song Q, Jedlicka JR, MacIntosh GC, Grant D, Parrott WA, Clemente TE, Stacey G, An YC, Aponte‐Rivera J, Bhattacharyya MK, Baxter I, Bilyeu KD, Campbell JD, Cannon SB, Clough SJ, Curtin SJ, Diers BW, Dorrance AE, Gillman JD, Graef GL, Hancock CN, Hudson KA, Hyten DL, Kachroo A, Koebernick J, Libault M, Lorenz AJ, Mahan AL, Massman JM, McGinn M, Meksem K, Okamuro JK, Pedley KF, Rainey KM, Scaboo AM, Schmutz J, Song B, Steinbrenner AD, Stewart‐Brown BB, Toth K, Wang D, Weaver L, Zhang B, Graham MA, O'Rourke JA. Soybean genomics research community strategic plan: A vision for 2024-2028. THE PLANT GENOME 2024; 17:e20516. [PMID: 39572930 PMCID: PMC11628913 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 12/11/2024]
Abstract
This strategic plan summarizes the major accomplishments achieved in the last quinquennial by the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genetics and genomics research community and outlines key priorities for the next 5 years (2024-2028). This work is the result of deliberations among over 50 soybean researchers during a 2-day workshop in St Louis, MO, USA, at the end of 2022. The plan is divided into seven traditional areas/disciplines: Breeding, Biotic Interactions, Physiology and Abiotic Stress, Functional Genomics, Biotechnology, Genomic Resources and Datasets, and Computational Resources. One additional section was added, Training the Next Generation of Soybean Researchers, when it was identified as a pressing issue during the workshop. This installment of the soybean genomics strategic plan provides a snapshot of recent progress while looking at future goals that will improve resources and enable innovation among the community of basic and applied soybean researchers. We hope that this work will inform our community and increase support for soybean research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Stupar
- Department of Agronomy and Plant GeneticsUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Anna M. Locke
- USDA‐ARS Soybean & Nitrogen Fixation Research UnitRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Doug K. Allen
- USDA‐ARS Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Minviluz G. Stacey
- Division of Plant Science and TechnologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Jianxin Ma
- Department of AgronomyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Jackie Weiss
- Smithbucklin for the United Soybean BoardSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Rex T. Nelson
- USDA‐ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research UnitAmesIowaUSA
| | | | - Trupti Joshi
- Division of Plant Science and TechnologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- MU Institute for Data Science and InformaticsUniversity of Missouri–ColumbiaColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Zenglu Li
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and GenomicsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Qijian Song
- USDA‐ARS Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research CenterBeltsvilleMarylandUSA
| | | | - Gustavo C. MacIntosh
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - David Grant
- USDA‐ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research UnitAmesIowaUSA
- Department of AgronomyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Wayne A. Parrott
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and GenomicsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Center for Applied Genetic TechnologiesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Tom E. Clemente
- Department of Agronomy & HorticultureUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Division of Plant Science and TechnologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Baxter
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | | | - Steven B. Cannon
- USDA‐ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research UnitAmesIowaUSA
| | - Steven J. Clough
- USDA‐ARS Soybean/Maize Germplasm, Pathology and Genetics Research UnitUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Brian W. Diers
- Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Anne E. Dorrance
- Department of Plant PathologyThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOhioUSA
| | | | - George L. Graef
- Department of Agronomy & HorticultureUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - C. Nathan Hancock
- Department of Biological, Environmental, and Earth SciencesUniversity of South Carolina AikenAikenSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Karen A. Hudson
- USDA‐ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research UnitWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - David L. Hyten
- Department of Agronomy & HorticultureUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Aardra Kachroo
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Jenny Koebernick
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Marc Libault
- Division of Plant Science and TechnologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Aaron J. Lorenz
- Department of Agronomy and Plant GeneticsUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Adam L. Mahan
- USDA‐ARS Soybean/Maize Germplasm, Pathology and Genetics Research UnitUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Michaela McGinn
- Smithbucklin for the United Soybean BoardSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Khalid Meksem
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Agricultural SystemsSouthern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIllinoisUSA
| | - Jack K. Okamuro
- USDA‐ARS Crop Production and ProtectionBeltsvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Kerry F. Pedley
- USDA‐ARS Foreign Disease‐Weed Science Research UnitFt. DetrickMarylandUSA
| | | | - Andrew M. Scaboo
- Division of Plant Science and TechnologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- DOE Joint Genome InstituteLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- HudsonAlpha Institute of BiotechnologyHuntsvilleAlabamaUSA
| | - Bao‐Hua Song
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Dechun Wang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Lisa Weaver
- Smithbucklin for the United Soybean BoardSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Plant and Environmental SciencesVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
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11
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Parakkunnel R, K BN, Vanishree G, George A, Kv S, Yr A, K UB, Anandan A, Kumar S. Exploring selection signatures in the divergence and evolution of lipid droplet (LD) associated genes in major oilseed crops. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:653. [PMID: 38956471 PMCID: PMC11218257 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oil bodies or lipid droplets (LDs) in the cytosol are the subcellular storage compartments of seeds and the sites of lipid metabolism providing energy to the germinating seeds. Major LD-associated proteins are lipoxygenases, phospholipaseD, oleosins, TAG-lipases, steroleosins, caleosins and SEIPINs; involved in facilitating germination and enhancing peroxidation resulting in off-flavours. However, how natural selection is balancing contradictory processes in lipid-rich seeds remains evasive. The present study was aimed at the prediction of selection signatures among orthologous clades in major oilseeds and the correlation of selection effect with gene expression. RESULTS The LD-associated genes from the major oil-bearing crops were analyzed to predict natural selection signatures in phylogenetically close-knit ortholog clusters to understand adaptive evolution. Positive selection was the major force driving the evolution and diversification of orthologs in a lineage-specific manner. Significant positive selection effects were found in 94 genes particularly in oleosin and TAG-lipases, purifying with excess of non-synonymous substitution in 44 genes while 35 genes were neutral to selection effects. No significant selection impact was noticed in Brassicaceae as against LOX genes of oil palm. A heavy load of deleterious mutations affecting selection signatures was detected in T-lineage oleosins and LOX genes of Arachis hypogaea. The T-lineage oleosin genes were involved in mainly anther, tapetum and anther wall morphogenesis. In Ricinus communis and Sesamum indicum > 85% of PLD genes were under selection whereas selection pressures were low in Brassica juncea and Helianthus annuus. Steroleosin, caleosin and SEIPINs with large roles in lipid droplet organization expressed mostly in seeds and were under considerable positive selection pressures. Expression divergence was evident among paralogs and homeologs with one gene attaining functional superiority compared to the other. The LOX gene Glyma.13g347500 associated with off-flavor was not expressed during germination, rather its paralog Glyma.13g347600 showed expression in Glycine max. PLD-α genes were expressed on all the tissues except the seed,δ genes in seed and meristem while β and γ genes expressed in the leaf. CONCLUSIONS The genes involved in seed germination and lipid metabolism were under strong positive selection, although species differences were discernable. The present study identifies suitable candidate genes enhancing seed oil content and germination wherein directional selection can become more fruitful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Parakkunnel
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, 560065, Karnataka, India.
| | - Bhojaraja Naik K
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Girimalla Vanishree
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjitha George
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Sripathy Kv
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Aruna Yr
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Udaya Bhaskar K
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - A Anandan
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Seed Science, Mau, 275103, Uttar Pradesh, India
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12
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Dong Y, Li Y, Su W, Sun P, Yang H, Li Q, Du S, Yu X. Differential metabolic networks in three energy substances of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) during germination. Food Chem 2024; 443:138463. [PMID: 38280366 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Germinated flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an essential potential food ingredient, but the major energy substances (proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates) metabolites and metabolic pathways are unknown. Comprehensive metabolomic analyses were performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry on flaxseed from 0 to 7 d. Additionally, the critical metabolites pathways networks of three energy substances metabolites during flaxseed germination were exhibited. The results showed that arginine was the most active metabolite during germination, strongly associated with the arginine biosynthesis and arginine and proline metabolism pathways. Carbohydrates predominantly comprised sucrose on 0-3 d, which participated in galactose metabolism and starch and sucrose metabolism. The main flaxseed phospholipid molecules were phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidic acid, and lysophosphatidylcholine during germination. This study underscores the paramount metabolic pathways in proteins, lipids and carbohydrates were arginine and proline metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism during germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Dong
- Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing in Universities of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yonglin Li
- Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing in Universities of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Weidong Su
- Ningxia Xingling Grain & Oil Co., Ltd, Yinchuan 751400, Ningxia, PR China
| | - Pengda Sun
- Ningxia Xingling Grain & Oil Co., Ltd, Yinchuan 751400, Ningxia, PR China
| | - Huijun Yang
- Shaanxi Guanzhongyoufang Oil Co., Ltd, Baoji 721000, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing in Universities of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shuangkui Du
- Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing in Universities of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiuzhu Yu
- Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing in Universities of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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13
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Muthan B, Wang J, Welti R, Kosma DK, Yu L, Deo B, Khatiwada S, Vulavala VKR, Childs KL, Xu C, Durrett TP, Sanjaya SA. Mechanisms of Spirodela polyrhiza tolerance to FGD wastewater-induced heavy-metal stress: Lipidomics, transcriptomics, and functional validation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133951. [PMID: 38492385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Unlike terrestrial angiosperm plants, the freshwater aquatic angiosperm duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) grows directly in water and has distinct responses to heavy-metal stress. Plantlets accumulate metabolites, including lipids and carbohydrates, under heavy-metal stress, but how they balance metabolite levels is unclear, and the gene networks that mediate heavy-metal stress responses remain unknown. Here, we show that heavy-metal stress induced by flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater reduces chlorophyll contents, inhibits growth, reduces membrane lipid biosynthesis, and stimulates membrane lipid degradation in S. polyrhiza, leading to triacylglycerol and carbohydrate accumulation. In FGD wastewater-treated plantlets, the degraded products of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, primarily polyunsaturated fatty acids (18:3), were incorporated into triacylglycerols. Genes involved in early fatty acid biosynthesis, β-oxidation, and lipid degradation were upregulated while genes involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis were downregulated by treatment. The transcription factor gene WRINKLED3 (SpWRI3) was upregulated in FGD wastewater-treated plantlets, and its ectopic expression increased tolerance to FGD wastewater in transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed enhanced glutathione and lower malondialdehyde contents under stress, suggesting that SpWRI3 functions in S. polyrhiza tolerance of FGD wastewater-induced heavy-metal stress. These results provide a basis for improving heavy metal-stress tolerance in plants for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagyalakshmi Muthan
- Agricultural and Environmental Research Station and Energy and Environmental Science Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112-1000, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ruth Welti
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA
| | - Dylan K Kosma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Linhui Yu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bikash Deo
- Department of Biology, Agricultural and Environmental Research Station and Energy and Environmental Science Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112-1000, USA
| | - Subhiksha Khatiwada
- Department of Biology, Agricultural and Environmental Research Station and Energy and Environmental Science Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112-1000, USA
| | - Vijaya K R Vulavala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Kevin L Childs
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Changcheng Xu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Timothy P Durrett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Sanju A Sanjaya
- Department of Biology, Agricultural and Environmental Research Station and Energy and Environmental Science Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112-1000, USA.
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14
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Parchuri P, Bhandari S, Azeez A, Chen G, Johnson K, Shockey J, Smertenko A, Bates PD. Identification of triacylglycerol remodeling mechanism to synthesize unusual fatty acid containing oils. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3547. [PMID: 38670976 PMCID: PMC11053099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Typical plant membranes and storage lipids are comprised of five common fatty acids yet over 450 unusual fatty acids accumulate in seed oils of various plant species. Plant oils are important human and animal nutrients, while some unusual fatty acids such as hydroxylated fatty acids (HFA) are used in the chemical industry (lubricants, paints, polymers, cosmetics, etc.). Most unusual fatty acids are extracted from non-agronomic crops leading to high production costs. Attempts to engineer HFA into crops are unsuccessful due to bottlenecks in the overlapping pathways of oil and membrane lipid synthesis where HFA are not compatible. Physaria fendleri naturally overcomes these bottlenecks through a triacylglycerol (TAG) remodeling mechanism where HFA are incorporated into TAG after initial synthesis. TAG remodeling involves a unique TAG lipase and two diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) that are selective for different stereochemical and acyl-containing species of diacylglycerol within a synthesis, partial degradation, and resynthesis cycle. The TAG lipase interacts with DGAT1, localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (with the DGATs) and to puncta around the lipid droplet, likely forming a TAG remodeling metabolon near the lipid droplet-ER junction. Each characterized DGAT and TAG lipase can increase HFA accumulation in engineered seed oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Parchuri
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Sajina Bhandari
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Abdul Azeez
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Grace Chen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Kumiko Johnson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Jay Shockey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, 70124, LA, USA
| | - Andrei Smertenko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Philip D Bates
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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15
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Tao B, Ma Y, Wang L, He C, Chen J, Ge X, Zhao L, Wen J, Yi B, Tu J, Fu T, Shen J. Developmental pleiotropy of SDP1 from seedling to mature stages in B. napus. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:49. [PMID: 38642182 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Rapeseed, an important oil crop, relies on robust seedling emergence for optimal yields. Seedling emergence in the field is vulnerable to various factors, among which inadequate self-supply of energy is crucial to limiting seedling growth in early stage. SUGAR-DEPENDENT1 (SDP1) initiates triacylglycerol (TAG) degradation, yet its detailed function has not been determined in B. napus. Here, we focused on the effects of plant growth during whole growth stages and energy mobilization during seedling establishment by mutation in BnSDP1. Protein sequence alignment and haplotypic analysis revealed the conservation of SDP1 among species, with a favorable haplotype enhancing oil content. Investigation of agronomic traits indicated bnsdp1 had a minor impact on vegetative growth and no obvious developmental defects when compared with wild type (WT) across growth stages. The seed oil content was improved by 2.0-2.37% in bnsdp1 lines, with slight reductions in silique length and seed number per silique. Furthermore, bnsdp1 resulted in lower seedling emergence, characterized by a shrunken hypocotyl and poor photosynthetic capacity in the early stages. Additionally, impaired seedling growth, especially in yellow seedlings, was not fully rescued in medium supplemented with exogenous sucrose. The limited lipid turnover in bnsdp1 was accompanied by induced amino acid degradation and PPDK-dependent gluconeogenesis pathway. Analysis of the metabolites in cotyledons revealed active amino acid metabolism and suppressed lipid degradation, consistent with the RNA-seq results. Finally, we proposed strategies for applying BnSDP1 in molecular breeding. Our study provides theoretical guidance for understanding trade-off between oil accumulation and seedling energy mobilization in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Tao
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yina Ma
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liqin Wang
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chao He
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junlin Chen
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ge
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lun Zhao
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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16
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Gonçalves JDP, Gasparini K, Picoli EADT, Costa MDBL, Araujo WL, Zsögön A, Ribeiro DM. Metabolic control of seed germination in legumes. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 295:154206. [PMID: 38452650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Seed development, dormancy, and germination are connected with changes in metabolite levels. Not surprisingly, a complex regulatory network modulates biosynthesis and accumulation of storage products. Seed development has been studied profusely in Arabidopsis thaliana and has provided valuable insights into the genetic control of embryo development. However, not every inference applies to crop legumes, as these have been domesticated and selected for high seed yield and specific metabolic profiles and fluxes. Given its enormous economic relevance, considerable work has contributed to shed light on the mechanisms that control legume seed growth and germination. Here, we summarize recent progress in the understanding of regulatory networks that coordinate seed metabolism and development in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia de Paiva Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Karla Gasparini
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Wagner Luiz Araujo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Agustin Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Dimas Mendes Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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17
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Xie P, Chen J, Wu P, Cai Z. Spatial Lipidomics Reveals Lipid Changes in the Cotyledon and Plumule of Mung Bean Seeds during Germination. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19879-19887. [PMID: 38018797 PMCID: PMC10722537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a vital process in plant development involving dynamic biochemical transformations such as lipid metabolism. However, the spatial distribution and dynamic changes of lipids in different seed compartments during germination are poorly understood. In this study, we employed liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based lipidomics and MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to investigate lipid changes occurring in the cotyledon and plumule of mung bean seeds during germination. Lipidomic data revealed that the germination process reduced the levels of many glycerolipids (e.g., triglyceride) and phosphatidylglycerols (e.g., phosphatidylcholine) while increased the levels of lysophospholipids (e.g., lysophosphatidylcholine) in both the cotyledon and plumule. Sphingolipids (e.g., sphingomyelin) displayed altered levels solely in the plumule. Sterol levels increased in the cotyledon but decreased in the plumule. Further imaging results revealed that MALDI-MSI could serve as a supplement and validate LC-MS data. These findings enhance our understanding of the metabolic processes underlying seedling development, with potential implications for crop improvement and seed quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisi Xie
- Ministry
of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety
and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection
Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Ministry
of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety
and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection
Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Special Administrative
Region 999077, China
- College
of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210018, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Ministry
of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety
and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection
Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Special Administrative
Region 999077, China
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18
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Zhan Y, Wu T, Zhao X, Wang J, Guo S, Chen S, Qu S, Zheng Z. Genome-wide identification and expression of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) gene family in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and functional analysis of AhMGATs in neutral lipid metabolism. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 243:125300. [PMID: 37315669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) involved in regulating plant growth and development and stress responses, hydrolyzes monoacylglycerol (MAG) into free fatty acid and glycerol, which is the last step of triacylglycerol (TAG) breakdown. Here, a genome-wide characterization of MAGL gene family from cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was performed. In total, 24 MAGL genes were identified and unevenly distributed on 14 chromosomes, encoding 229-414 amino acids with molecular weights ranging from 25.91 to 47.01 kDa. Spatiotemporal and stress-induced expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that AhMAGL1a/b and AhMAGL3a/b were the only four bifunctional enzymes with conserved regions of hydrolase and acyltransferase, which could also be named as AhMGATs. GUS histochemical assay showed that AhMAGL1a and -1b were strongly expressed in all tissues of the plants; whereas both AhMAGL3a and -3b were weakly expressed in plants. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that AhMGATs were localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and/or Golgi complex. Seed-specific overexpression of AhMGATs in Arabidopsis decreased the oil content of the seeds and altered the fatty acid compositions, indicating that AhMGATs were involved in TAG breakdown but not TAG biosynthesis in plant seeds. This study lays the foundation for better understanding AhMAGL genes biological function in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Zhan
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Tingting Wu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shixian Guo
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shutong Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shengtao Qu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhifu Zheng
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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19
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Morley SA, Ma F, Alazem M, Frankfater C, Yi H, Burch-Smith T, Clemente TE, Veena V, Nguyen H, Allen DK. Expression of malic enzyme reveals subcellular carbon partitioning for storage reserve production in soybeans. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 36829298 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Central metabolism produces amino and fatty acids for protein and lipids that establish seed value. Biosynthesis of storage reserves occurs in multiple organelles that exchange central intermediates including two essential metabolites, malate, and pyruvate that are linked by malic enzyme. Malic enzyme can be active in multiple subcellular compartments, partitioning carbon and reducing equivalents for anabolic and catabolic requirements. Prior studies based on isotopic labeling and steady-state metabolic flux analyses indicated malic enzyme provides carbon for fatty acid biosynthesis in plants, though genetic evidence confirming this role is lacking. We hypothesized that increasing malic enzyme flux would alter carbon partitioning and result in increased lipid levels in soybeans. Homozygous transgenic soybean plants expressing Arabidopsis malic enzyme alleles, targeting the translational products to plastid or outside the plastid during seed development, were verified by transcript and enzyme activity analyses, organelle proteomics, and transient expression assays. Protein, oil, central metabolites, cofactors, and acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACPs) levels were quantified overdevelopment. Amino and fatty acid levels were altered resulting in an increase in lipids by 0.5-2% of seed biomass (i.e. 2-9% change in oil). Subcellular targeting of a single gene product in central metabolism impacts carbon and reducing equivalent partitioning for seed storage reserves in soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart A Morley
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Fangfang Ma
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Mazen Alazem
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Cheryl Frankfater
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Hochul Yi
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Tessa Burch-Smith
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Tom Elmo Clemente
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 202 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Veena Veena
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Hanh Nguyen
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, N300 Beadle Center, 1901 Vine St., Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Doug K Allen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
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20
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Bioengineering of Soybean Oil and Its Impact on Agronomic Traits. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032256. [PMID: 36768578 PMCID: PMC9916542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean is a major oil crop and is also a dominant source of nutritional protein. The 20% seed oil content (SOC) of soybean is much lower than that in most oil crops and the fatty acid composition of its native oil cannot meet the specifications for some applications in the food and industrial sectors. Considerable effort has been expended on soybean bioengineering to tailor fatty acid profiles and improve SOC. Although significant advancements have been made, such as the creation of high-oleic acid soybean oil and high-SOC soybean, those genetic modifications have some negative impacts on soybean production, for instance, impaired germination or low protein content. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the bioengineering of soybean oil and its effects on agronomic traits.
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21
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Cai Y, Yu XH, Shanklin J. A toolkit for plant lipid engineering: Surveying the efficacies of lipogenic factors for accumulating specialty lipids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1064176. [PMID: 36589075 PMCID: PMC9795026 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1064176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce energy-dense lipids from carbohydrates using energy acquired via photosynthesis, making plant oils an economically and sustainably attractive feedstock for conversion to biofuels and value-added bioproducts. A growing number of strategies have been developed and optimized in model plants, oilseed crops and high-biomass crops to enhance the accumulation of storage lipids (mostly triacylglycerols, TAGs) for bioenergy applications and to produce specialty lipids with increased uses and value for chemical feedstock and nutritional applications. Most successful metabolic engineering strategies involve heterologous expression of lipogenic factors that outperform those from other sources or exhibit specialized functionality. In this review, we summarize recent progress in engineering the accumulation of triacylglycerols containing - specialized fatty acids in various plant species and tissues. We also provide an inventory of specific lipogenic factors (including accession numbers) derived from a wide variety of organisms, along with their reported efficacy in supporting the accumulation of desired lipids. A review of previously obtained results serves as a foundation to guide future efforts to optimize combinations of factors to achieve further enhancements to the production and accumulation of desired lipids in a variety of plant tissues and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Cai
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
| | - Xiao-Hong Yu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - John Shanklin
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
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22
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Park ME, Kim HU. Applications and prospects of genome editing in plant fatty acid and triacylglycerol biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:969844. [PMID: 36119569 PMCID: PMC9471015 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.969844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG), which is a neutral lipid, has a structure in which three molecules of fatty acid (FA) are ester-bonded to one molecule of glycerol. TAG is important energy source for seed germination and seedling development in plants. Depending on the FA composition of the TAG, it is used as an edible oil or industrial material for cosmetics, soap, and lubricant. As the demand for plant oil is rising worldwide, either the type of FA must be changed or the total oil content of various plants must be increased. In this review, we discuss the regulation of FA metabolism by Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9, a recent genome-editing technology applicable to various plants. The development of plants with higher levels of oleic acid or lower levels of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in seeds are discussed. In addition, the current status of research on acyltransferases, phospholipases, TAG lipases, and TAG synthesis in vegetative tissues is described. Finally, strategies for the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in lipid metabolism studies are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mid-Eum Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
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23
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Azeez A, Parchuri P, Bates PD. Suppression of Physaria fendleri SDP1 Increased Seed Oil and Hydroxy Fatty Acid Content While Maintaining Oil Biosynthesis Through Triacylglycerol Remodeling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:931310. [PMID: 35720575 PMCID: PMC9204166 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.931310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Physaria fendleri is a burgeoning oilseed crop that accumulates the hydroxy fatty acid (HFA), lesquerolic acid, and can be a non-toxic alternative crop to castor for production of industrially valuable HFA. Recently, P. fendleri was proposed to utilize a unique seed oil biosynthetic pathway coined "triacylglycerol (TAG) remodeling" that utilizes a TAG lipase to remove common fatty acids from TAG allowing the subsequent incorporation of HFA after initial TAG synthesis, yet the lipase involved is unknown. SUGAR DEPENDENT 1 (SDP1) has been characterized as the dominant TAG lipase involved in TAG turnover during oilseed maturation and germination. Here, we characterized the role of a putative PfeSDP1 in both TAG turnover and TAG remodeling. In vitro assays confirmed that PfeSDP1 is a TAG lipase and demonstrated a preference for HFA-containing TAG species. Seed-specific RNAi knockdown of PfeSDP1 resulted in a 12%-16% increase in seed weight and 14%-19% increase in total seed oil content with no major effect on seedling establishment. The increase in total oil content was primarily due to ~4.7% to ~14.8% increase in TAG molecular species containing two HFA (2HFA-TAG), and when combined with a smaller decrease in 1HFA-TAG content the proportion of total HFA in seed lipids increased 4%-6%. The results are consistent with PfeSDP1 involved in TAG turnover but not TAG remodeling to produce 2HFA-TAG. Interestingly, the concomitant reduction of 1HFA-TAG in PfeSDP1 knockdown lines suggests PfeSDP1 may have a role in reverse TAG remodeling during seed maturation that produces 1HFA-TAG from 2HFA-TAG. Overall, our results provide a novel strategy to enhance the total amount of industrially valuable lesquerolic acid in P. fendleri seeds.
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