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Sun H, Li C, Li S, Ma J, Li S, Li X, Gao C, Yang R, Ma N, Yang J, Yang P, He X, Hu T. Identification and validation of stable reference genes for RT-qPCR analyses of Kobresia littledalei seedlings. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:389. [PMID: 38730341 PMCID: PMC11088182 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04924-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kobreisa littledalei, belonging to the Cyperaceae family is the first Kobresia species with a reference genome and the most dominant species in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau alpine meadows. It has several resistance genes which could be used to breed improved crop varieties. Reverse Transcription Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) is a popular and accurate gene expression analysis method. Its reliability depends on the expression levels of reference genes, which vary by species, tissues and environments. However, K.littledalei lacks a stable and normalized reference gene for RT-qPCR analysis. RESULTS The stability of 13 potential reference genes was tested and the stable reference genes were selected for RT-qPCR normalization for the expression analysis in the different tissues of K. littledalei under two abiotic stresses (salt and drought) and two hormonal treatments (abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA)). Five algorithms were used to assess the stability of putative reference genes. The results showed a variation amongst the methods, and the same reference genes showed tissue expression differences under the same conditions. The stability of combining two reference genes was better than a single one. The expression levels of ACTIN were stable in leaves and stems under normal conditions, in leaves under drought stress and in roots under ABA treatment. The expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) expression was stable in the roots under the control conditions and salt stress and in stems exposed to drought stress. Expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were stable in stems of ABA-treated plants and in the roots under drought stress. Moreover, RPL6 expression was stable in the leaves and stems under salt stress and in the stems of the GA-treated plants. EF1-alpha expression was stable in leaves under ABA and GA treatments. The expression levels of 28 S were stable in the roots under GA treatment. In general, ACTIN and GAPDH could be employed as housekeeping genes for K. littledalei under different treatments. CONCLUSION This study identified the best RT-qPCR reference genes for different K. littledalei tissues under five experimental conditions. ACTIN and GAPDH genes can be employed as the ideal housekeeping genes for expression analysis under different conditions. This is the first study to investigate the stable reference genes for normalized gene expression analysis of K. littledalei under different conditions. The results could aid molecular biology and gene function research on Kobresia and other related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Sun
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Chunping Li
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Siyu Li
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Ma
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Shuo Li
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Cai Gao
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Rongchen Yang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Nan Ma
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Peizhi Yang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Xueqing He
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
| | - Tianming Hu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
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Daude MM, Ságio SA, Rodrigues JN, Lima NMP, Lima AA, Sarmento MI, Sarmento RA, Barreto HG. Reference genes for Eucalyptus spp. under Beauveria bassiana inoculation and subsequently infestation by the galling wasp Leptocybe invasa. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2556. [PMID: 38297150 PMCID: PMC10830493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Relative gene expression analysis through RT-qPCR is an important molecular technique that helps understanding different molecular mechanisms, such as the plant defense response to insect pests. However, the use of RT-qPCR for gene expression analysis can be affected by factors that directly affect the reliability of the results. Among these factors, the appropriate choice of reference genes is crucial and can strongly impact RT-qPCR relative gene expression analyses, highlighting the importance in correctly choosing the most suitable genes for the success of the analysis. Thus, this study aimed to select and validate reference genes for relative gene expression studies through RT-qPCR in hybrids of Eucalyptus tereticornis × Eucalyptus camaldulensis (drought tolerant and susceptible to Leptocybe invasa) under conditions of inoculation by the Beauveria bassiana fungus and subsequent infestation by L. invasa. The expression level and stability of eleven candidate genes were evaluated. Stability was analyzed using the RefFinder tool, which integrates the geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and Delta-Ct algorithms. The selected reference genes were validated through the expression analysis of the transcriptional factor EcDREB2 (dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2). For all treatments evaluated, EcPTB, EcPP2A-1, and EcEUC12 were the best reference genes. The triplets EcPTB/EcEUC12/EcUBP6, EcPP2A-1/EcEUC12/EcPTB, EcIDH/EcSAND/Ecα-TUB, EcPP2A-1/Ecα-TUB/EcPTB, and EcPP2A-1/EcUPL7/EcSAND were the best reference genes for the control plants, mother plants, plants inoculated with B. bassiana, plants infested with L. invasa, and plants inoculated with B. bassiana and subsequently infested with L. invasa, respectively. The best determined reference genes were used to normalize the RT-qPCR expression data for each experimental condition evaluated. The results emphasize the importance of this type of study to ensure the reliability of relative gene expression analyses. Furthermore, the findings of this study can be used as a basis for future research, comprising gene expression analysis of different eucalyptus metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Martins Daude
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis (LAM), Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Rede Bionorte, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Solange Aparecida Ságio
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis (LAM), Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Digital Agroenergy, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Jovielly Neves Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Forest and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | | | - André Almeida Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis (LAM), Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Maíra Ignacio Sarmento
- Postgraduate Program in Forest and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Renato Almeida Sarmento
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Rede Bionorte, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Forest and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Horllys Gomes Barreto
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis (LAM), Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Rede Bionorte, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Digital Agroenergy, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil.
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Zhang P, Liu D, Ma J, Sun C, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Liu Y. Genome-wide analysis and expression pattern of the ZoPP2C gene family in Zingiber officinale Roscoe. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:83. [PMID: 38245685 PMCID: PMC10799369 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-09966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2C) are heavily involved in plant growth and development, hormone-related signaling pathways and the response of various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, a comprehensive report identifying the genome-scale of PP2C gene family in ginger is yet to be published. RESULTS In this study, 97 ZoPP2C genes were identified based on the ginger genome. These genes were classified into 15 branches (A-O) according to the phylogenetic analysis and distributed unevenly on 11 ginger chromosomes. The proteins mainly functioned in the nucleus. Similar motif patterns and exon/intron arrangement structures were identified in the same subfamily of ZoPP2Cs. Collinearity analysis indicated that ZoPP2Cs had 33 pairs of fragment duplicated events uniformly distributed on the corresponding chromosomes. Furthermore, ZoPP2Cs showed greater evolutionary proximity to banana's PP2Cs. The forecast of cis-regulatory elements and transcription factor binding sites demonstrated that ZoPP2Cs participate in ginger growth, development, and responses to hormones and stresses. ZoERFs have plenty of binding sites of ZoPP2Cs, suggesting a potential synergistic contribution between ZoERFs and ZoPP2Cs towards regulating growth/development and adverse conditions. The protein-protein interaction network displayed that five ZoPP2Cs (9/23/26/49/92) proteins have robust interaction relationship and potential function as hub proteins. Furthermore, the RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analyses have shown that ZoPP2Cs exhibit various expression patterns during ginger maturation and responses to environmental stresses such as chilling, drought, flooding, salt, and Fusarium solani. Notably, exogenous application of melatonin led to notable up-regulation of ZoPP2Cs (17/59/11/72/43) under chilling stress. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our investigation provides significant insights of the ginger PP2C gene family and establishes the groundwork for its functional validation and genetic engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Spice Crops Research Institute, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Deqi Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Spice Crops Research Institute, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Jiawei Ma
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Spice Crops Research Institute, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Chong Sun
- Special Plants Institute, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Zhaofei Wang
- Special Plants Institute, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Yongxing Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Spice Crops Research Institute, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Spice Crops Research Institute, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Yiqing Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Spice Crops Research Institute, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
- Special Plants Institute, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.
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Mu D, Shao Y, He J, Zhu L, Qiu D, Wilson IW, Zhang Y, Pan L, Zhou Y, Lu Y, Tang Q. Evaluation of Reference Genes for Normalizing RT-qPCR and Analysis of the Expression Patterns of WRKY1 Transcription Factor and Rhynchophylline Biosynthesis-Related Genes in Uncaria rhynchophylla. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16330. [PMID: 38003520 PMCID: PMC10671239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil, a traditional medicinal herb, is enriched with several pharmacologically active terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs). At present, no method has been reported that can comprehensively select and evaluate the appropriate reference genes for gene expression analysis, especially the transcription factors and key enzyme genes involved in the biosynthesis pathway of TIAs in U. rhynchophylla. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is currently the most common method for detecting gene expression levels due to its high sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and ease of use. However, this methodology is dependent on selecting an optimal reference gene to accurately normalize the RT-qPCR results. Ten candidate reference genes, which are homologues of genes used in other plant species and are common reference genes, were used to evaluate the expression stability under three stress-related experimental treatments (methyl jasmonate, ethylene, and low temperature) using multiple stability analysis methodologies. The results showed that, among the candidate reference genes, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAM) exhibited a higher expression stability under the experimental conditions tested. Using SAM as a reference gene, the expression profiles of 14 genes for key TIA enzymes and a WRKY1 transcription factor were examined under three experimental stress treatments that affect the accumulation of TIAs in U. rhynchophylla. The expression pattern of WRKY1 was similar to that of tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) under ETH treatment. This research is the first to report the stability of reference genes in U. rhynchophylla and provides an important foundation for future gene expression analyses in U. rhynchophylla. The RT-qPCR results indicate that the expression of WRKY1 is similar to that of TDC under ETH treatment. It may coordinate the expression of TDC, providing a possible method to enhance alkaloid production in the future through synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detian Mu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yingying Shao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jialong He
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Deyou Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Iain W Wilson
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Limei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi for High-Quality Formation and Utilization of Dai-di Herbs, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ying Lu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
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Wang W, Zhang X, Xu X, Xu X, Fu L, Chen H. Systematic identification of reference genes for qRT-PCR of Ardisia kteniophylla A. DC under different experimental conditions and for anthocyanin-related genes studies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1284007. [PMID: 38023897 PMCID: PMC10656778 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1284007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Ardisia kteniophylla A. DC, widely known as folk medicinal herb and ornamental plant, has been extensively investigated due to its unique leaf color, anti-cancer and other pharmacological activities. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was an excellent tool for the analysis of gene expression with its high sensitivity and quantitative properties. Normalizing gene expression with stable reference genes was essential for qRT-PCR accuracy. In addition, no studies have yet been performed on the selection, verification and stability of internal reference genes suitable for A. kteniophylla, which has greatly hindered the biomolecular researches of this species. In this study, 29 candidate genes were successfully screened according to stable expression patterns of large-scale RNA seq data that from a variety of tissues and the roots of different growth stages in A. kteniophylla. The candidates were then further determined via qRT-PCR in various experimental samples, including MeJA, ABA, SA, NaCl, CuSO4, AgNO3, MnSO4, CoCl2, drought, low temperature, heat, waterlogging, wounding and oxidative stress. To assess the stability of the candidates, five commonly used strategies were employed: delta-CT, geNorm, BestKeeper, NormFinder, and the comprehensive tool RefFinder. In summary, UBC2 and UBA1 were found to be effective in accurately normalizing target gene expression in A. kteniophella regardless of experimental conditions, while PP2A-2 had the lowest stability. Additionally, to verify the reliability of the recommended reference genes under different colored leaf samples, we examined the expression patterns of six genes associated with anthocyanin synthesis and regulation. Our findings suggested that PAP1 and ANS3 may be involved in leaf color change in A. kteniphella. This study successfully identified the ideal reference gene for qRT-PCR analysis in A. kteniphella, providing a foundation for future research on gene function, particularly in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Modern Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Acadamy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Modern Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Acadamy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Modern Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Acadamy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xingchou Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang W, Yang Y, Zhu X, Yang S, Liao X, Li H, Li Z, Liao Q, Tang J, Zhao G, Wu L. Integrated analyses of metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal the potential regulatory roles of long non-coding RNAs in gingerol biosynthesis. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:490. [PMID: 37633894 PMCID: PMC10464350 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the characteristic functional component in ginger, gingerols possess several health-promoting properties. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as crucial regulators of diverse biological processes. However, lncRNAs in ginger are not yet identified so far, and their potential roles in gingerol biosynthesis are still unknown. In this study, metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed in three main ginger cultivars (leshanhuangjiang, tonglingbaijiang, and yujiang 1 hao) in China to understand the potential roles of the specific lncRNAs in gingerol accumulation. RESULTS A total of 744 metabolites were monitored by metabolomics analysis, which were divided into eleven categories. Among them, the largest group phenolic acid category contained 143 metabolites, including 21 gingerol derivatives. Of which, three gingerol analogs, [8]-shogaol, [10]-gingerol, and [12]-shogaol, accumulated significantly. Moreover, 16,346 lncRNAs, including 2,513, 1,225, and 2,884 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNA genes (DELs), were identified in all three comparisons by transcriptomic analysis. Gene ontology enrichment (GO) analysis showed that the DELs mainly enriched in the secondary metabolite biosynthetic process, response to plant hormones, and phenol-containing compound metabolic process. Correlation analysis revealed that the expression levels of 11 DE gingerol biosynthesis enzyme genes (GBEGs) and 190 transcription factor genes (TF genes), such as MYB1, ERF100, WRKY40, etc. were strongly correlation coefficient with the contents of the three gingerol analogs. Furthermore, 7 and 111 upstream cis-acting lncRNAs, 1,200 and 2,225 upstream trans-acting lncRNAs corresponding to the GBEGs and TF genes were identified, respectively. Interestingly, 1,184 DELs might function as common upstream regulators to these GBEGs and TFs genes, such as LNC_008452, LNC_006109, LNC_004340, etc. Furthermore, protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) analysis indicated that three TF proteins, MYB4, MYB43, and WRKY70 might interact with four GBEG proteins (PAL1, PAL2, PAL3, and 4CL-4). CONCLUSION Based on these findings, we for the first time worldwide proposed a putative regulatory cascade of lncRNAs, TFs genes, and GBEGs involved in controlling of gingerol biosynthesis. These results not only provide novel insights into the lncRNAs involved in gingerol metabolism, but also lay a foundation for future in-depth studies of the related molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, China
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715, China
| | - Xuedong Zhu
- Southeast Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuling, 408000, China
| | - Suyu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715, China
| | - Ximei Liao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715, China
| | - Honglei Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, China
| | - Zhexin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, China
| | - Qinhong Liao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, China
| | - Jianmin Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, China.
| | - Guohua Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715, China.
| | - Lin Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715, China.
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