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Chen C, Mei Q, Liu Q, Lu M, Hou L, Liu X, Gao X, Chen L, Zhou Z, Zhou H. Neural Correlates of Cognitive Dysfunction in Conditional Reasoning in Schizophrenia: An Event-related Potential Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2024; 20:571-582. [PMID: 38496322 PMCID: PMC10942016 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s448484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Schizophrenia patients show impaired conditional reasoning. This study was to investigate event-related potential (ERP) characteristics of the conditional reasoning in schizophrenia. Patients and methods Participants included 24 schizophrenia patients and 30 normal controls (NCs), and the measurements of ERPs were conducted during the Wason selection task. Results Results showed that NCs consistently outperformed schizophrenia patients in terms of accuracy. Among the different rule types of the task, the precautionary type experiment yielded the highest accuracy rates. In contrast, both the descriptive and abstract type experiments resulted in lower accuracy. The RTs of the abstract type experiment were the shortest among the four experiments. In the abstract type of the Wason selection task, the NCs exhibited higher amplitudes for both the N1 and P2 components compared to the schizophrenia patients. At the parietal lobe, the N2 amplitudes were higher for the social contract type of the task compared to the precautionary version. At the frontal lobe, the N2 amplitudes were highest for the abstract type of the task. In the abstract type, the N2 amplitude at the parietal lobe was higher than that at the central lobe. The NCs displayed lower amplitudes for both the P3 and slow wave compared to the schizophrenia patients. Differences were observed between the NC and schizophrenia groups in terms of the latencies for N1, P2, N2, P3 and slow wave components across different experiment types and regions of interest. Conclusion In conclusion, the observed ERP patterns provide valuable insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the Wason selection task, highlighting the differences between NCs and patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Mei
- School of Humanities and Management Science, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- Grade 2021 Class 3, First Clinical Medical College of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meichen Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Hou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Grade 2021 Class 3, First Clinical Medical College of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuezheng Gao
- Grade 2021 Class 3, First Clinical Medical College of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Limin Chen
- Grade 2021 Class 3, First Clinical Medical College of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhe Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi City, People’s Republic of China
- School of Humanities and Management Science, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu City, People’s Republic of China
- Grade 2021 Class 3, First Clinical Medical College of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Zhou
- Department of Psychology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi City, People’s Republic of China
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Feng Y, Wang Z, Lin G, Qian H, Gao Z, Wang X, Li M, Hu X, Li Y. Neurological soft signs and neurocognitive deficits in remitted patients with schizophrenia, their first-degree unaffected relatives, and healthy controls. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:383-391. [PMID: 31123823 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurological soft signs (NSS) and neurocognitive deficits (ND) are highly prevalent in schizophrenia, and have been separately proposed as candidate endophenotypes of schizophrenia. However, few relevant studies focus on remitted patients with schizophrenia (RP) and integrate NSS and ND as a composite endophenotype. This study aimed to explore the NSS and ND and examine the comparative relationship between them in RP, their first-degree unaffected relatives (FDR), and healthy controls, furthermore, to seek potential endophenotypes subitems of NSS and ND and create a composite endophenotype. 86 RP, 86 FDR, and 86 healthy controls were included. NSS and ND were independently assessed with Cambridge Neurological Inventory and MATRICSTM Consensus Cognitive Battery. RP had more NSS and ND than FDR in all subitems except disinhibition, information processing speed, working memory, and visual memory. Similarly, FDR presented poorer performance than controls in all subscales except disinhibition, sensory integration, working memory, and visual memory. Six subitems of NSS and ND met the criteria of endophenotype and the three groups were most accurately classified (71.2%) with these subitems working as a composite endophenotype. Moreover, information processing speed, attention, and social cognition were associated with sensory integration in RP and FDR. These findings add evidences that certain subitems of NSS and ND might be the endophenotypes of schizophrenia and integrating these endophenotypes may prove useful in identifying schizophrenia and high-risk individuals. Furthermore, sensory integration and specific cognitive domains covary, hence suggesting an overlap of compromised underlying neural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Feng
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, China
| | - Zongqin Wang
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, China
| | - Guorong Lin
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, China
| | - Hong Qian
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, China
| | - Zuohui Gao
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, China
| | - Mingcao Li
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, China
| | - Xiaohua Hu
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, China
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Carrassi E, Pugliatti M, Govoni V, Sensi M, Casetta I, Granieri E. Epidemiological Study of Huntington's Disease in the Province of Ferrara, Italy. Neuroepidemiology 2017; 49:18-23. [PMID: 28803251 DOI: 10.1159/000479697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by the abnormal expansion of CAG triplet repeat. We aimed to reappraise HD epidemiology in a northern Italian population, in relation to introduction of genetic testing. METHODS Through ICD-9M code 333.4 and medical fare exemption code RF0080, HD cases were identified from administrative health data and medical records from the Units of Neurology and Genetics, Ferrara University Hospital, and from other provincial neurological structures. RESULTS HD mean annual incidence rate in 1990-2009 was 0.3 per 100,000 (95% CI 0.2-0.5). All incident cases were found to have symptoms of the disease's classic form, and neither juvenile nor the rigid Westphal variant was detected. The mean (SD) age at onset was 50.2 (12.7 years; range 32-82 years), 54.9 (14.6) for men and 45.8 (9.4) for women. On prevalence day, December 31, 2014, HD prevalence was 4.2 per 100,000 (95% CI 2.4-7.0), with a male:female ratio of 1:2. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence and incidence of HD in our population were lower than the prevalence and incidence reported for other European and Italian populations, but higher compared to those of Asia, Africa, and Eastern Europe. Compared to previous studies, HD incidence and prevalence did not change significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Carrassi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgery, Section of Neurology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Contreras F, Albacete A, Tebé C, Benejam B, Caño A, Menchón JM. Patients with schizophrenia activate behavioural intentions facilitated by counterfactual reasoning. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178860. [PMID: 28586400 PMCID: PMC5460856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
METHOD The main variables assessed were: answer to complete a target task (wrong or correctly), and percentage gain in the reaction time (RT) to complete a target task correctly depending on whether the prime was a counterfactual or a neutral-control cue. These variables were assessed in 37 patients with schizophrenia and 37 healthy controls. Potential associations with clinical status and socio-demographic characteristics were also explored. RESULTS When a counterfactual prime was presented, the probability of giving an incorrect answer was lower for the entire sample than when a neutral prime was presented (OR 0.58; CI 95% 0.42 to 0.79), but the schizophrenia patients showed a higher probability than the controls of giving an incorrect answer (OR 3.89; CI 95% 2.0 to 7.6). Both the schizophrenia patients and the controls showed a similar percentage gain in RT to a correct answer of 8%. CONCLUSIONS Challenging the results of previous research, our findings suggest a normal activation of behavioural intentions facilitated by CFT in schizophrenia. Nevertheless, the patients showed more difficulty than the controls with the task, adding support to the concept of CFT as a potential new target for consideration in future therapeutic approaches for this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Contreras
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital- IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Auria Albacete
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital- IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Tebé
- Statistical Advisory Service, Bellvitge Biomedical Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Bessy Benejam
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital- IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Agnes Caño
- Department of Psychology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital- IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
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Albacete A, Contreras F, Bosque C, Gilabert E, Albiach Á, Menchón JM. Symptomatic Remission and Counterfactual Reasoning in Schizophrenia. Front Psychol 2017; 7:2048. [PMID: 28111561 PMCID: PMC5216040 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Counterfactual thinking (CFT) is a type of conditional reasoning involving mental representations of alternatives to past factual events that previous preliminary research has suggested to be impaired in schizophrenia. However, despite the potential impact of these deficits on the functional outcome of these patients, studies examining the role of CFT in this disorder are still few in number. The present study aimed to extent previous results by evaluating CFT in the largest sample to date of schizophrenia patients in symptomatic remission and healthy controls. The relationship with symptomatology, illness duration, and sociodemographic characteristics was also explored. Methods: Seventy-eight schizophrenia patients and 84 healthy controls completed a series of tests that examined the generation of counterfactual thoughts, the influence of the "causal order effect," and the ability to counterfactually derive inferences by using de Counterfactual Inference Test. Results: Compared with controls, patients generated fewer counterfactual thoughts when faced with a simulated scenario. This deficit was negatively related to scores on all dimensions of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-PANNS, as well as to longer illness duration. The results also showed that schizophrenia patients deviated significantly from the normative pattern when generating inferences from CFT. Conclusions: These findings reveal CFT impairment to be present in schizophrenia even when patients are in symptomatic remission. However, symptomatology and illness duration may have a negative influence on these patients' ability to generate counterfactual thoughts. The results might support the relevance of targeting CFT in future treatment approaches, although further research is needed to better describe the relationship between CFT and both symptomatology and functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auria Albacete
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Contreras
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Bosque
- Fundació per a la Investigació i Docència María Angustias Giménez, Germanes HospitalàriesBarcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Gilabert
- Mental Health Unit L'Hospitalet, SAP Delta Llobregat, AP Costa de Ponent, Catalan Institute of HealthBarcelona, Spain
| | - Ángela Albiach
- Mental Health Unit L'Hospitalet, SAP Delta Llobregat, AP Costa de Ponent, Catalan Institute of HealthBarcelona, Spain
| | - José M. Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)Barcelona, Spain
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The Functional Theory of Counterfactual Thinking: New Evidence, New Challenges, New Insights. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aesp.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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