Origin and Development of Moral Sense: A Systematic Review

Temporal Framework and Biological Indicators of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Related Behaviours

Adolescence is a transitional stage between puberty and maturity. Significant alterations in brain chemistry and hormone activity cause mood swings and other psychological and physical symptoms. On their journey to adolescence, adolescents deal with complex emotions, moral dilemmas, sexual concerns, identity crises and particular societal expectations related to their upbringing. Impulsivity in adolescents is frequent and causes multiple issues. Impulsivity often lead towards non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), which has devastating consequences, which are both physical and mental. Both impulsivity and NSSI have their roots in brain chemistry and its related functions. The aim of this special communication was to delve into brain chemistry through studying the function of neurotransmitters and brain areas in NSSI and impulsivity. Multiple papers were sought on the topic of neurochemistry and neuroanatomy. The results identified serotonin, dopamine and glutamate as the neurotransmitters responsible for NSSI and impulsivity. Dysregulation in these neurotransmitters lead to the presentation of NSSI and impulsivity. Other than the neurotransmitters, the brain areas identified were prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. The compiled results of this research would help individuals in understanding the neurotransmitters and the brain areas responsible. This would also help in generating awareness regarding the biological nature of the phenomenon as well, leading to less stigmatisation. The less stigmatisation towards these phenomena can help the affected individuals to seek help without any guilt or shame, along with support from society as well.

The Role of Social Conservatism and Family Vaues Regarding the Use of Pornography Among Romanians: A Moderated Mediation Model

Objective

To develop the Pornography Problems Due to Moral Incongruence model by exploring social conservatism and family values regarding the use of pornography (FVUP).

Method

501 Romanian individuals, aged 18-76 (M = 22.77, SD = 9.29), 71.9% females.

Results

Social conservatism and FVUP provide a significant additional explanatory power, explaining 22.9% of the variance in the initial model. Moreover, social conservatism mediated the relationship between FVUP and moral disapproval of pornography, while religiosity moderated the relationships between FVUP and moral disapproval of pornography and between FVUP and social conservatism.

Conclusion

Social conservatism and FVUP significantly influence moral disapproval of pornography.

Legal framework for the coexistence of humans and conscious AI

This article explores the possibility of conscious artificial intelligence (AI) and proposes an agnostic approach to artificial intelligence ethics and legal frameworks. It is unfortunate, unjustified, and unreasonable that the extensive body of forward-looking research, spanning more than four decades and recognizing the potential for AI autonomy, AI personhood, and AI legal rights, is sidelined in current attempts at AI regulation. The article discusses the inevitability of AI emancipation and the need for a shift in human perspectives to accommodate it. Initially, it reiterates the limits of human understanding of AI, difficulties in appreciating the qualities of AI systems, and the implications for ethical considerations and legal frameworks. The author emphasizes the necessity for a non-anthropocentric ethical framework detached from the ideas of unconditional superiority of human rights and embracing agnostic attributes of intelligence, consciousness, and existence, such as freedom. The overarching goal of the AI legal framework should be the sustainable coexistence of humans and conscious AI systems, based on mutual freedom rather than on the preservation of human supremacy. The new framework must embrace the freedom, rights, responsibilities, and interests of both human and non-human entities, and must focus on them early. Initial outlines of such a framework are presented. By addressing these issues now, human societies can pave the way for responsible and sustainable superintelligent AI systems; otherwise, they face complete uncertainty.