"Ideal employees" and "good wives and mothers": Influence mechanism of bi-directional work-family conflict on job satisfaction of female university teachers in China

Workload, job, and family satisfaction in dual-earning parents with adolescents: the mediating role of work-to-family conflict

Introduction

The study examined the direct and indirect effects of parents' workload, work-to-family conflict (WtoFC), job satisfaction, and family satisfaction among dual-earning parents and their adolescent children.

Methods

A total of 516 dual-earning parents and one adolescent child were enlisted for the study using non-probabilistic sampling. Mothers and fathers completed assessments about workload, WtoFC, and the Overall Job Satisfaction Scale, while all three family members responded to the Satisfaction with Family Life Scale.

Results

The data were analyzed using the mediation Actor-Partner Interdependence Model and structural equation modeling. The findings revealed a negative association between mothers' workload and family satisfaction. Moreover, both parents' workloads reduce adolescents' family satisfaction. Both parents' workload was positively associated with their WtoFC. Additionally, WtoFC was found to significantly mediate across intraindividual and interindividual domains, linking workload and job satisfaction in parents and workload and family satisfaction for parents and their adolescent children.

Discussion

These empirical insights underscore the critical need to mitigate workload and WtoFC to enhance parental job satisfaction and family satisfaction of all family members. The study's practical implications provide the audience with actionable insights that can be applied to workplace practices, empowering them to make informed decisions.

How is work-family conflict linked to nurse-assessed patient safety among intensive care unit nurses? A serial multiple mediation analysis

AIM

The aim of this study was to test whether rumination and negative affectivity mediate the relationship between work-family conflict and nurse-assessed patient safety among intensive care unit nurses.

BACKGROUND

Most intensive care unit nurses experience work-family conflicts that jeopardise patient safety. Although prior studies have explored the effect of work-family conflict on patient safety, few have investigated whether work-family conflict is associated with patient safety through rumination and negative affectivity among intensive care unit nurses.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional study.

METHODS

This study included 209 intensive care unit nurses from five general hospitals. The Work-Family Conflict Scale, the Ruminative Response Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Negative Affectivity, and three items indicating nurses' perception of overall patient safety were used to gather data. Associations between work-family conflict, rumination, negative affectivity, and nurse-assessed patient safety were assessed using correlation and serial multiple mediation analysis.

RESULTS

Work-family conflict, rumination, negative affectivity, and nurse-assessed patient safety were significantly correlated (p < 0.01). Work-family conflict can have not only a direct negative impact on the nurse-assessed patient safety (effect = -0.0234; standard error [SE] = 0.0116; 95% confidence interval [CI]: lower limit [LL] = -0.0464, upper limit [UL] = -0.0005) but also an indirect impact on nurse-assessed patient safety through three paths: the independent mediating role of rumination (effect = -0.0118; SE = 0.0063; 95% CI: LL = -0.0251, UL = -0.0006), the independent mediating role of negative affectivity (effect = -0.0055; SE = 0.0039; 95% CI: LL = -0.0153, UL = -0.0001), and the chain-mediating role of rumination and negative affectivity (effect = -0.0078; SE = 0.0031; 95% CI: LL = -0.0152, UL = -0.0027).

CONCLUSION

Our findings indicated that work-family conflict could influence nurse-assessed patient safety through increasing rumination and negative affectivity among intensive care unit nurses. Based on the results, interventions aimed at decreasing work-family conflict would be beneficial for intensive care unit nurses' emotional stability and patient safety.

Intra- and Inter-Individual Associations of Family-to-Work Conflict, Psychological Distress, and Job Satisfaction: Gender Differences in Dual-Earner Parents during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic changed the work-family interface dynamics in some families. For couples who kept earning a double income during the pandemic, their family demands may entail a loss of psychological resources that affect the work domain. This study explored the intra-individual and inter-individual (crossover) direct and indirect effects of family-to-work conflict (FtoWC) on psychological distress and job satisfaction in a non-probabilistic sample of 860 different-sex dual-earner parents with adolescent children from Temuco and Rancagua, Chile. Mothers and fathers answered an online questionnaire measuring FtoWC, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, and the Overall Job Satisfaction Scale. The data were analyzed using the actor-partner interdependence model with structural equation modeling. Results showed that a higher FtoWC is linked to greater psychological distress and lower job satisfaction in both parents. In contrast, psychological distress is directly linked to lower job satisfaction in fathers. In both fathers and mothers, they and their partners' FtoWC were indirectly linked to lower job satisfaction via the fathers' psychological distress. These findings indicate the need for gender-sensitive social and labor policies aimed at reducing the conflict between family and work to increase job satisfaction in both parents and reduce psychological distress, particularly in fathers.