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Zavorotnyy M, Klatte S, Yang Y, Liu W, Wagner U, Kircher T. The effects of a psychiatric clerkship on stigmatizing attitudes toward mental disorders as held by German medical students. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1306403. [PMID: 38144478 PMCID: PMC10748402 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1306403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background According to the United Nations, access to medical care is a fundamental human right. However, there is widespread stigmatization of severe mental illnesses and this appears to seriously hamper the quality of healthcare in people with psychiatric co-morbidity. Thus, interventions that help reduce stigma among healthcare providers are urgently needed. Purpose The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of a psychiatric clerkship on stigmatizing attitudes toward mental disorders held by medical students. Methods Between 2018 and 2019, a total of 256 third- and fourth-year students from Marburg University Medical School (Germany) completed two surveys-one before and one after a 2 week clerkship program that was designed to prioritize direct interaction with the patients. For measuring stigma, the questionnaires contained questions about students' attitudes toward psychiatry (ATP), including the Opening Minds Scale for Healthcare Providers (OMS-HC), Community Attitudes Toward the Mentally Ill (CAMI), and measurements according to the Stereotype-Content Model (SCM). We conducted pre-vs.-post comparisons using the Wilcoxon signed rank test with continuity correction or paired t-test and employed the Spearman method for correlational analysis. We considered p < 0.05 significant and adjusted all p-values reported here using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure to account for family-wise error. Results After the clerkship, a significantly reduced stigma was found, as assessed with ATP (mean p < 0.001), OMS-HC (sum and subscale "attitudes" p < 0.001; subscale "disclosure" p = 0.002), and both SCM subscales (p < 0.001). Moreover, we observed significant associations between stigma expression (e.g., OMS-HC sum) and the willingness of students to choose psychiatric residency after finishing medical school (before clerkship: p < 0.001; ρ = -0.35; change after clerkship: p = 0.004; ρ = -0.2). Conclusion Our findings indicate that a psychiatric clerkship that involves students in direct interaction with patients may effectively reduce stigma. Therefore, we advocate the incorporation of components of direct interaction in medical education to combat stigma and unequal treatment, as this could improve outcomes in patients with severe mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Zavorotnyy
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Services Aargau, Academic Hospital of the University of Zurich, Windisch, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Simon Klatte
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Yunbo Yang
- Department of Experimental Psychopathology, Institute of Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wagner
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Chew C, Lin L, Vos N, Stevens J, Nyhof E, Goh J. Medical Specialty Interest Survey (MSIS): understanding career interest and specialty training in commencing Australian medical interns. BMJ LEADER 2023:leader-2023-000874. [PMID: 37798101 DOI: 10.1136/leader-2023-000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess specialisation interests in commencing interns and create a standardised survey to aid medical schools, supervisors and health services in quantifying, understanding and supporting medical career development to improve medical workforce planning. METHOD The Medical Specialty Interest Survey (MSIS) cross-sectional study was used. Incoming interns at a multisite tertiary hospital network in Melbourne, Australia rated their desire to pursue each specialty as a career using a Likert scale (1-5). 47 Medical Board of Australia Medical Specialties were included in the survey. RESULTS Completion rate was 123 of 124 (99.2%). The overall mean desirability was 2.62, suggesting on average more specialties were deemed less preferred. Critical care specialties were most popular, while surgical specialties had least interest. Gastroenterology and cardiology were most popular among internal medicine specialties. General practice had low correlation with other specialties (Pearson correlation mean R coefficient 0.106 compared with overall mean 0.208), suggesting interns interested in general practice exhibit less interest in other specialties, and interest in specialisation confers low interest in general practice. Psychiatry had the lowest mean R coefficient of 0.088. CONCLUSIONS The MSIS quantifies relative interest in 47 medical specialties and specialty interest correlations among final-year medical students/incoming interns. The MSIS may be a tool for medical schools, healthcare services and government agencies to better understand the career interest among medical students and pre-vocational doctors and therefore improve doctor retention and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Chew
- Monash Doctors Workforce, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lawrence Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nathan Vos
- Monash Doctors Workforce, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jade Stevens
- Monash Doctors Workforce, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Nyhof
- Monash Doctors Workforce, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason Goh
- Monash Doctors Workforce, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Wiriyacosol P, Oon-Arom A, Suradom C, Wongpakaran N, Wongpakaran T. Medical students' attitude towards psychiatry: a comparison of past and present. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8714. [PMID: 37248307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Attitude to psychiatry influences motivation for medical students to successfully achieve in studying psychiatry. With a new generation of students, it would be interesting to investigate how attitudes have changed. This study aimed to compare the attitude of fifth-year medical students toward psychiatry in recent and in the past 24 years. Two samples of fifth-year medical students at Chiang Mai University completed the 30-item attitude to psychiatry (ATP-30); 118 students completed it in 1996, whereas 242 medical students completed it in 2019. Rasch analysis was employed for examining the differences between the total score and individual item scores between the two groups. The total score of ATP in the 2019 group was significantly higher than that in the 1996 group. After misfitting individuals and biased items were removed, only 15 items were valid and useful for a comparison. Of 15 items, 11 were found highly significantly different between two groups (p < 0.001). Negatively worded items, e.g., no strong evidence indicating effectiveness, became easier to score items (increased positive attitude) whereas some positively worded items, e.g., I would like to be a psychiatrist. Nine items, became more difficult (less positive attitude) comparing between 1996 and 2019. In a comparison between the two methods using the traditional t-test and Rasch analysis, only 5 of 30 items (16.7%) agreed with each other. The overall attitude to psychiatry was significantly higher at the present compared with that in the past. Most items did not differ between the two times. Further studies regarding improving the attitude scale using item response theory such as Rasch should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punjaree Wiriyacosol
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Awirut Oon-Arom
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chawisa Suradom
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nahathai Wongpakaran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Tinakon Wongpakaran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Psychotherapy Unit and Geriatric Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Rd., T. Sriphum, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Kaligis F, Hillary R, Kusuma NMP, Sianipar HRP, Ramadhanti CS, Findyartini A, Indraswari MT, Magdalena CC, Nurraga GW. Medical students’ attitudes toward psychiatry in Indonesia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265605. [PMID: 35324955 PMCID: PMC8947139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly two-thirds of psychiatric patients are reluctant to seek help from healthcare professionals due to stigma, discrimination, and negligence that evolve around the community, including healthcare providers. Future health professionals should have a positive attitude toward psychiatry and patients with mental health problems. Thus, it is vital to identify medical students’ attitudes toward psychiatry as future healthcare providers. The authors conducted a cross-sectional study by using online questionnaires of “Perceptions of Psychiatry” in Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, with first- and fourth-year students (before psychiatric rotation), as well as fifth-year students and alumni (after psychiatric rotation). Out of 250 questionnaires distributed, 224 subjects responded, with a response rate 89.6%. Chi-square or fisher analysis was conducted to know the correlation between gender and attitudes towards psychiatry. The frequency distribution method was applied to identify the degree of stigmatization from respondents. A mix of positive and negative perceptions towards psychiatry was identified. The overall response was favorable to both before and after psychiatric rotation groups. Differences in perceptions between male and female psychiatry students as a discipline and career were statistically significant. Correcting misapprehension and removing the stigma on psychiatry during medical education might decrease the stigma in the psychiatric field and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fransiska Kaligis
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Department of Psychiatry, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ribka Hillary
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Ardi Findyartini
- Medical Education Unit, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Garda Widhi Nurraga
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Department of Psychiatry, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Himmelstein R, Guth S, Enenbach M, Gleason MM, Stevens H, Glowinski A, Kolevzon A, Martin A. Psychiatry Match Rates Increase After Exposure to a Medical Student Mentorship Program: A Multisite Retrospective Cohort Analysis. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2022; 46:40-44. [PMID: 32100255 PMCID: PMC7483187 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-020-01210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since 2002, the Klingenstein Third Generation Foundation (KTGF) has supported a network of medical student mentorship programs (MSMPs) across the USA with the explicit aim of enhancing interest in, and eventual recruitment into the field of child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP). The authors conducted a multisite, retrospective cohort analysis to examine the impact of the program on career selection, as reflected by graduation match rates into psychiatry or pediatrics. METHODS The authors collected graduating match information (2008-2019) from fourteen participating medical schools (Exposed) and thirteen non-participating schools (Control). Control schools were selected based on region, comparable student body and faculty size, national standing, and rank in NIH funding. Match rates into psychiatry and pediatrics were compared between Exposed and Control groups. RESULTS Exposed schools had significantly higher match rates into psychiatry as compared to unexposed schools (6.1% and 4.8%, respectively; OR [95%CI] = 1.29 [1.18, 1.40]; X2 = 32.036, p < 0.001). In contrast, during the same time period, exposed schools had significantly lower match rates into pediatrics than unexposed ones (11.6 and 10.5%, respectively; OR [95%CI] = 0.89 (0.83, 0.95); X2 = 12.127, p < 0.001). These findings persisted even after adjustment for secular trends in match rates. CONCLUSIONS Seventeen years after its inception, the KTGF medical student mentorship program network has had a positive impact on match rates into general psychiatry. Future studies will address whether these results translate to trainees' eventual selection of careers in CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Himmelstein
- Robert Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Sarah Guth
- Robert Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Michael Enenbach
- University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Anne Glowinski
- Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alex Kolevzon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrés Martin
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Mohebbi M, Nafissi N, Ghotbani F, Khojasteh Zonoozi A, Mohaddes Ardabili H. Attitudes of medical students toward psychiatry in Eastern Mediterranean Region: A systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1027377. [PMID: 36776616 PMCID: PMC9909281 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatry is facing one of the highest levels of shortages among medical specialties. Stigma toward psychiatry plays an influential role in medical students' decision to choose psychiatry as a career and has been reported to be prevalent in different parts of the world, particularly in low/middle-income countries. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) medical students' attitudes toward psychiatry, to assess whether their attitudes are stigmatized or not, and the factors affecting their attitudes. METHOD PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsychInfo (PsycARTICLES) were searched using a combination of main terms "stigma," "psychiatry," "medical students," and the name of Eastern Mediterranean countries. Cross-sectional studies assessing the attitudes of EMR medical students toward psychiatry were included in this review. RESULTS Ten studies were eligible to be included in the result synthesis. These were from Pakistan (n = 3), Iran (n = 2), Saudi Arabia (n = 1), Lebanon (n = 1), Egypt (n = 1), Bahrain (n = 1), and Oman (n = 1). Most studies reported a combination of both positive and negative attitudes among medical students; however, the overall attitude was positive. Factors affecting medical students' attitude toward psychiatry included poor psychological well-being, having a friend with a psychiatric illness, involving in a romantic relationship with someone suffering from mental illness, young age, frequency of exposure to psychiatry clerkship/teaching, and quality of psychiatry clerkship. Nevertheless, the final positive or negative outcome of these factors on students' attitudes remained controversial. CONCLUSION Considering the lack of sufficient data from most EMR countries, we need to exercise caution in interpreting the results of this review. Nevertheless, our review indicates that psychiatry is not stigmatized among EMR medical students, and they have generally positive attitudes toward it. The findings of studies evaluating influencing factors are contradictory and demand further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mohebbi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nastaran Nafissi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Ghotbani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Khojasteh Zonoozi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Mohaddes Ardabili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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El Hage S, Daou L, Sayde G, Daaboul M, Hallit S, Salameh P. Attitudes Towards Psychiatry in Lebanese Medical Students: What Are the Factors that Could Lead to a More Favorable Outlook? ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2021; 45:681-687. [PMID: 33942240 PMCID: PMC8092969 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-021-01466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors aimed to assess the attitudes towards psychiatry of all Lebanese medical students, as well as the factors that could have led to these attitudes, whether favorable or not. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the authors ran a questionnaire among a sample of Lebanese medical students from all medical faculties, regions in Lebanon, and years of medical school, using the ATP-30 scale and the WHO-5 well-being index. The answers from the 607 participants were statistically analyzed on SPSS version 23.0. RESULTS Among participants, 95.1% had a positive attitude towards psychiatry, reflecting a favorable outlook among Lebanese medical students overall. The average ATP-30 score in our sample was 111.95 out of 150 (SD = 12.55), which is in the range of countries of higher socio-economic level such as Germany and Switzerland. Also, 26.5% of participants reported that they consider psychiatry as a potential career choice. No demographic factor had any influence on the ATP-30 score. In the multivariate analysis, only two factors resulted in favorable attitudes: exposure to a patient with a diagnosed psychiatric illness in the student's surroundings and a lower WHO-5 well-being index. CONCLUSION This study's results do not fit into the traditional "developed vs. developing countries" paradigm. However, Lebanon still has a lot of challenges to face in order to provide quality mental healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Léa Daou
- Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Zhang YJ, Yuan K, Chang SH, Yan W, Que JY, Deng JH, Gong YM, Luo JM, Yang SC, An CX, Kang YM, Xu HS, Wang YM, Zhang LF, Zhang WF, Song YL, Xu DW, Liu HZ, Wang WQ, Liu CX, Yang WQ, Zhou L, Zhao JB, Yu MY, Chen JY, Tang H, Peng J, Zhang XJ, Xu Y, Zhang N, Kuang L, Li ZJ, Wang YH, Shi J, Ran MS, Bao YP, Shi L, Lu L. Career choice and influential factors among medical students majoring in psychiatry in China. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:183. [PMID: 33766012 PMCID: PMC7992123 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The undergraduate program of psychiatry has been widely established in recent years to improve the education and recruitment of psychiatrists in China. We aim to investigate the career choice of medical students majoring in psychiatry in China and the influential factors. METHOD This multicenter study was conducted in 26 medical schools in China from May to October of 2019. Participants included 4610 medical students majoring in psychiatry and 3857 medical students majoring in clinical medicine. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the influential factors of students' choices of psychiatry at matriculation and as a career. RESULTS 44.08% of psychiatry majored students gave psychiatry as a first choice at matriculation, and 56.67% of them would choose psychiatry as a career, which was in sharp contrast to the proportion of clinical medicine majored students who would choose psychiatry as a career (0.69%). Personal interest (59.61%), suggestions from family members (27.96%), and experiencing mental problems (23.19%) were main reasons for choosing psychiatry major at matriculation. Personal interest (odds ratio [OR] = 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.87-2.40), experiencing a psychiatry clerkship (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.28-3.08), being female (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.30-1.68), experiencing mental problems (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.28-1.56), and suggestions from family members (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.08-1.46) correlated positively with students' choice of psychiatry as career. Students who lacked psychiatry knowledge (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.29-0.85) or chose psychiatry because of lower admission scores (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.63-0.97) were less likely to choose psychiatry as a career. CONCLUSION More than half of psychiatry majored medical school students planned to choose psychiatry as their career, whereas very few students in the clinic medicine major would make this choice. Increasing students' interest in psychiatry, strengthening psychiatry clerkships, and popularizing psychiatric knowledge are modifiable factors to increase the psychiatry career intention. The extent to which medical students' attitudes toward psychiatry can be changed through medical school education and greater exposure to psychiatry will need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jian Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Su-Hua Chang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jian-Yu Que
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jia-Hui Deng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yi-Miao Gong
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Ming Luo
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Shi-Chang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Cui-Xia An
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical University, Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi-Min Kang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hua-Shan Xu
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Li-Fang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Changzhi People's Affiliated Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Wen-Fang Zhang
- Mental Health Department of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Yin-Li Song
- Department of Pathology, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Dong-Wu Xu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan-Zhong Liu
- Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | | | | | - Wen-Qiong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiu-Bo Zhao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao-Yu Yu
- Department of Mental Health, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun-Yu Chen
- Shenzhi Department, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Psychology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Teaching and Research Section of Psychology, School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiu-Jun Zhang
- North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorders, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Kuang
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhan-Jiang Li
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Ran
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan-Ping Bao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Le Shi
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Lin Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Borg N, Testa L, Sammut F, Cassar D. Attitudes of Medical Students in Malta Toward Psychiatry and Mental Illness. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2020; 44:709-713. [PMID: 32930992 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-020-01304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to explore the attitudes of medical students in Malta toward psychiatry and mental illness. It looked at the effect of sex, clinical exposure, and experience with mental illness on students' attitudes. METHODS A questionnaire containing the ATP 30 and MICA-2 scales was distributed to all medical students in Malta in a cross-sectional study. Factor analysis was followed by reliability testing using Cronbach Alpha. Factor scores were achieved using the regression method. The independent sample t test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to check for relationships between factor scores and variable of interest. Following this, the means and medians of factor scores for each group were calculated and compared. RESULTS Three hundred ninety-six students (51%) answered the questionnaire. Males had more positive attitudes toward psychiatry as a career choice (p = 0.01) and more positive attitudes toward the importance of psychiatry (p = 0.00). Those with clinical exposure to psychiatry had more negative attitudes toward the efficacy of psychiatry and psychiatrists (p = 0.00). Having experience with mental illness in some form was associated with decreased appeal in psychiatry as a career (p = 0.01 for personal experience, p = 0.01 for relatives, p = 0.00 for friends). CONCLUSIONS The factor structures obtained using ATP 30 and MICA-2 scales in this study are different from those found in the original literature. Having undergone psychiatry rotations had no significant impact on the attitudes toward psychiatry as a career choice but led to more negative attitudes toward the efficacy of psychiatry and psychiatrists.
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Motlová LB, Janoušková M, Formánek T, Goetz M, Holub D, Hubeňák J, Kašpárek T, Látalová K, Papežová H, Světlák M, Šilhán P, Trančík P, Vevera J, Balon R. Medical Students' Career Choice and Attitudes Toward Psychiatry: Case of the Czech Republic. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2020; 44:751-755. [PMID: 33000447 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-020-01311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A survey among medical students of all medical schools in the Czech Republic was conducted to investigate attitudes and views of psychiatry and career choice of psychiatry. METHODS A Czech version of the Attitudes to Psychiatry Scale (APS) and a questionnaire surveying demographic characteristics and choices of future specialty were distributed to all medical students of eight medical schools in the Czech Republic via the schools' internal communication systems in the form of an anonymous online questionnaire. RESULTS Out of a total of 10,147 medical students in the Czech Republic (academic year 2019/2020), 2418 students participated in the survey (response rate 23.8%). Psychiatry as a non-exclusive career choice was considered by 31.3% respondents; child and adolescent psychiatry was considered by 15.4% respondents. Psychiatry as the only choice was considered by 1.6%, and child and adolescent psychiatry was not considered at all. The interest in both specialties was declining since the first year of study. The status of psychiatry among other medical specialties was perceived as low; students were rather discouraged from entering psychiatry by their families. They did not feel encouraged by their teachers to pursue career in psychiatry despite the fact that they were interested in psychiatry. They also felt uncomfortable with patients with mental illness. CONCLUSIONS Despite high enthusiasm for psychiatry in the first year of medical school, only a small proportion of medical students consider to choose psychiatry, and especially child and adolescent psychiatry, as a career at the end of medical school.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomáš Formánek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Goetz
- Charles University Second Medical Faculty, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Holub
- Charles University First Medical Faculty, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hubeňák
- Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Masaryk University Faculty of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Látalová
- University Palacky Olomouc Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Papežová
- Charles University First Medical Faculty, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Petr Šilhán
- University of Ostrava Faculty of Medicine, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Trančík
- Psychiatric Hospital Bohnice, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vevera
- Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Balon
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Factors influencing medical students and psychiatry residents in Ghana to consider psychiatry as a career option - a qualitative study. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2020; 7:e31. [PMID: 33489247 PMCID: PMC7786269 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2020.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, Ghana has 14 actively practicing psychiatrists and about 26 psychiatric residents for a population of over 28 million people. Previous research suggests a lack of interest by Ghanaian medical students and medical graduates in considering psychiatry as a career option. OBJECTIVES To examine the perception of medical students and psychiatry residents in Ghana about the barriers which hinder Ghanaian medical graduates from choosing careers in psychiatry and how these barriers could be overcome. METHODS This was a cross-sectional qualitative study with data gathered using focus group discussion. Twenty clinical year medical students were selected through block randomization from the four public medical schools in Ghana and invited to participate in one of two focus group discussions. Also, four psychiatric residents were invited to participate in the focus group discussions. RESULTS The main barriers identified by participants could be grouped under four main themes, namely: (a) myths and stigma surrounding mental health and patients, (b) negative perceptions of psychiatrists, (c) infrastructure and funding issues, (d) lack of exposure and education. To address the barriers presented, participants discussed potential solutions that could be categorized into five main themes, namely: (a) stigma reduction, (b) educating professionals, (c) addressing deficient infrastructure, (d) risk management, and (e) incentivizing the pursuit of psychiatry among students. CONCLUSION Health policy planners and medical training institutions could consider implementing proposed solutions to identify barriers as part of efforts to improve the psychiatrist to patient ratio in Ghana.
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Pedersen K, Bennedsen A, Rungø B, Paltved C, Morcke AM, Ringsted C, Mors O. Evaluating the effectiveness of video cases to improve patient-centeredness in psychiatry: a quasi-experimental study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 10:195-202. [PMID: 31658442 PMCID: PMC7246115 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.5d9b.1e88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of including interactive video-based patient cases in preparatory lectures on medical students' patient-centredness and attitudes towards psychiatry. METHODS This study was designed as a quasi-experimental intervention study. A preparatory lecture on diagnostic interviewing was given to 204 fourth-year medical students before a 4-week psychiatry clerkship. The students were divided into two groups. One group (n=102) received a preparatory lecture including an interactive video case portraying a doctor performing a diagnostic interview with a simulated patient (intervention group). The other group (n=102) received a conventional preparatory lecture using text-based instructional material (control group). We conducted a paired sample t-test to compare the students' confidence in exhibiting patient-centred communication and their attitudes towards psychiatry before receiving the preparatory lecture and after having completed a minimum of three weeks of clerkship training. RESULTS A total of 102 students, 51 in each group, completed a questionnaire at both measurement points. In the intervention group, we found a statistically significantly difference for the students' patient-centredness before (M=69.4, SD=10.0) and after (M=73.8, SD=8.6) the intervention t(97)=2.38, p= 0.02, but no changes in attitudes t(98) =1.07, p=0.28. In the control group, we found no changes in patient-centredness or attitudes. CONCLUSIONS Video cases in preparatory lectures appear to be better than text-based material at improving students' patient-centredness in psychiatry. However, neither video cases nor text-based material seem to influence the students' attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Pedersen
- Centre for Health Sciences Education, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Bennedsen
- Centre for Health Sciences Education, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Berit Rungø
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Denmark
| | | | - Anne Mette Morcke
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation at Rigshospitalet, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ringsted
- Centre for Health Sciences Education, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Denmark
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Psychiatry as a specialization: influential factors and gender differences among medical students in a low- to middle-income country. Ir J Psychol Med 2019; 37:111-117. [PMID: 31482773 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2019.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the perception of Ghanaian medical students about factors influencing their career interest in psychiatry and to explore gender differences in these perceptions. METHODS This is a cross-sectional quantitative survey of 5th and 6th year medical students in four public medical schools in Ghana. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 20. RESULTS Responses were obtained from 545 medical students (response rate of 52%). Significantly, more male medical students expressed that stigma is an important consideration for them to choose or not to choose a career in psychiatry compared to their female counterparts (42.7% v. 29.7%, respectively). Over two-thirds of the medical students perceived that psychiatrists were at risk of being attacked by their patients, with just a little over a third expressing that risk was an important consideration for them to choose a career in psychiatry. There were no gender differences regarding perceptions about risk. Around 3 to 4 out of 10 medical students will consider careers in psychiatry if offered various incentives with no gender differences in responses provided. CONCLUSION Our study presents important and novel findings in the Ghanaian context, which can assist health policy planners and medical training institutions in Ghana to formulate policies and programs that will increase the number of psychiatry residents and thereby increase the psychiatrist-to-patient ratio in Ghana.
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Fino E, Agostini A, Mazzetti M, Colonnello V, Caponera E, Russo PM. There Is a Limit to Your Openness: Mental Illness Stigma Mediates Effects of Individual Traits on Preference for Psychiatry Specialty. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:775. [PMID: 31736797 PMCID: PMC6833974 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The widening gap between the need for mental health professionals and the low percentages of medical students pursuing a psychiatric career urges an examination of how individual traits, stigma attitudes, and related intended behaviors interact to better explain the variance in preferences for psychiatry as a specialty choice. Methods: Participants were second-year, preclinical medical students at Bologna University, Italy. The study consisted in completion of an online questionnaire evaluating preferences for the psychiatry specialty (one single item and a scenario-based response), personality traits (the Big Five Questionnaire), attitudes (Mental Illness for Clinicians' Attitude scale), behaviors (Reported and Intended Behavior Scale), and fears toward mental illness (questionnaire created ad hoc). Sociodemographic data were also collected. Results: A total of 284 medical students [58.8% female, mean (SD) age 20.47 ± 1.90] completed the questionnaire. Preference for the psychiatry specialty was significantly and positively associated with openness to experience and negatively related with Mental Illness for Clinicians' Attitude scale and Reported and Intended Behavior Scale. The full-mediation model provided good indices explaining 18% of the variance. Mental illness stigma was strongly and negatively associated with both openness to experience and preference for psychiatry, and the mediation results evidenced a positive and significant effect. Conclusions: Mental illness stigma influences medical students' choice of psychiatry as a specialty, accounting for the effects of the openness to experience trait. Stigma awareness and reduction programs should be introduced as early as possible in medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edita Fino
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Agostini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Mazzetti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Colonnello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Caponera
- National Institute for the Educational Evaluation of Instruction and Training (INVALSI), Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Russo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Warnke I, Gamma A, Buadze A, Schleifer R, Canela C, Rüsch N, Rössler W, Strebel B, Tényi T, Liebrenz M. Status quo of German-speaking medical students' attitudes toward and knowledge about central aspects of forensic psychiatry across four European countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2018; 58:9-16. [PMID: 29853018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While forensic psychiatry is of increasing importance in mental health care, limited available evidence shows that attitudes toward the discipline are contradictory and that knowledge about it seems to be limited in medical students. We aimed to shed light on this subject by analyzing medical students' central attitudes toward and their association with knowledge about forensic psychiatry as well as with socio-demographic and education-specific predictor variables. We recruited N = 1345 medical students from 45 universities with a German language curriculum across four European countries (Germany, Switzerland, Austria and Hungary) by using an innovative approach, namely snowball sampling via Facebook. Students completed an online questionnaire, and data were analyzed descriptively and multivariably by linear mixed effects models and multinomial regression. The results showed overall neutral to positive attitudes toward forensic psychiatry, with indifferent attitudes toward the treatment of sex offenders, and forensic psychiatrists' expertise in the media. Whereas medical students knew about the term 'forensic psychiatry', they showed a lack of specific medico-legal knowledge. Multivariable models on predictor variables revealed statistically significant findings with, however, small estimates and variance explanation. Therefore, further research is required along with the development of a refined assessment instrument for medical students to explore both attitudes and knowledge in forensic psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Warnke
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Falkenplatz 16-18, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Alex Gamma
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Falkenplatz 16-18, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Buadze
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Lenggstrasse 31, 3032 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Roman Schleifer
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Falkenplatz 16-18, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Carlos Canela
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Falkenplatz 16-18, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Rüsch
- Department of Psychiatry II, University of Ulm and BKH Günzburg, Parkstrasse 11, D-89073 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Wulf Rössler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Lenggstrasse 31, 3032 Zürich, Switzerland; Institute of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bernd Strebel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Protestant Hospital Hagen-Haspe, Brusebrinkstr. 20, D-58135 Hagen, Germany.
| | - Tamás Tényi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti str 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Michael Liebrenz
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Falkenplatz 16-18, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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