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Goheen J, Anderson JAE, Zhang J, Northoff G. From Lung to Brain: Respiration Modulates Neural and Mental Activity. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1577-1590. [PMID: 37285017 PMCID: PMC10533478 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiration protocols have been developed to manipulate mental states, including their use for therapeutic purposes. In this systematic review, we discuss evidence that respiration may play a fundamental role in coordinating neural activity, behavior, and emotion. The main findings are: (1) respiration affects the neural activity of a wide variety of regions in the brain; (2) respiration modulates different frequency ranges in the brain's dynamics; (3) different respiration protocols (spontaneous, hyperventilation, slow or resonance respiration) yield different neural and mental effects; and (4) the effects of respiration on the brain are related to concurrent modulation of biochemical (oxygen delivery, pH) and physiological (cerebral blood flow, heart rate variability) variables. We conclude that respiration may be an integral rhythm of the brain's neural activity. This provides an intimate connection of respiration with neuro-mental features like emotion. A respiratory-neuro-mental connection holds the promise for a brain-based therapeutic usage of respiration in mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Goheen
- The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Z 7K4, Canada.
- Department of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - John A E Anderson
- Department of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Georg Northoff
- The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Z 7K4, Canada
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2
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Ruyak S, Roberts MH, Chambers S, Ma X, DiDomenico J, De La Garza R, Bakhireva LN. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on substance use patterns and physiological dysregulation in pregnant and postpartum women. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2023; 47:1088-1099. [PMID: 37526587 PMCID: PMC10394275 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with increased stress levels and higher alcohol use, including in pregnant and postpartum women. In the general population, alcohol use is associated with dysregulation in the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which is indexed by heart rate variability (HRV). The objectives of this study were to: (1) characterize changes in substance use during the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic via a baseline self-report survey followed by mobile ecological momentary assessment (mEMA) of substance use; and (2) examine the associations between momentary substance use and ambulatory HRV measures in pregnant and postpartum women. METHODS Pregnant and postpartum women were identified from the ENRICH-2 prospective cohort study. Participants were administered a baseline structured phone interview that included the Coronavirus Perinatal Experiences (COPE) survey and ascertained the prevalence of substance use. Over a 14-day period, momentary substance use was assessed three times daily, and HRV measurements were captured via wearable electronics. Associations between momentary substance use and HRV measures (root mean square of successive differences [RMSSD] and low frequency/high frequency [LF/HF] ratio) were examined using a mixed effects model that included within-subject (WS) and between-subject (BS) effects and adjusted for pregnancy status and participant age. RESULTS The sample included 49 pregnant and 22 postpartum women. From a combination of a baseline and 14-day mEMA surveys, 21.2% reported alcohol use, 16.9% reported marijuana use, and 8.5% reported nicotine use. WS effects for momentary alcohol use were associated with the RMSSD (β = -0.14; p = 0.005) and LF/HF ratio (β = 0.14; p = 0.01) when controlling for pregnancy status and maternal age. No significant associations were observed between HRV measures and instances of marijuana or nicotine use. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the negative effect of the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological health of pregnant and postpartum women associated with substance use, and in turn, ANS dysregulation, which potentially puts some women at risk of developing a substance use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Ruyak
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Melissa H Roberts
- Substance Use Research and Education (SURE) Center, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Stephanie Chambers
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Xingya Ma
- Substance Use Research and Education (SURE) Center, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jared DiDomenico
- Substance Use Research and Education (SURE) Center, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Richard De La Garza
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ludmila N Bakhireva
- Substance Use Research and Education (SURE) Center, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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3
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Bates ME, Price JL, Leganes-Fonteneau M, Muzumdar N, Piersol K, Frazier I, Buckman JF. The Process of Heart Rate Variability, Resonance at 0.1 hz, and the Three Baroreflex Loops: A Tribute to Evgeny Vaschillo. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2022; 47:327-340. [PMID: 35536496 PMCID: PMC9088144 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-022-09544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marsha E. Bates
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Julianne L. Price
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Mateo Leganes-Fonteneau
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Neel Muzumdar
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Kelsey Piersol
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Ian Frazier
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Jennifer F. Buckman
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
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4
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Hwang S, Martins JS, Douglas RJ, Choi JJ, Sinha R, Seo D. Irregular Autonomic Modulation Predicts Risky Drinking and Altered Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Response to Stress in Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Alcohol 2022; 57:437-444. [PMID: 34491306 PMCID: PMC9270986 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Autonomic dysfunction has been associated with risky drinking and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Although autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity has been attributed to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VmPFC)-limbic-striatal regions, the specific role of ANS disruption in AUD and its association with these regions remain unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and concurrent electrocardiogram (ECG), the current study examined neural correlates of ANS activity in AUD and its role in AUD pathology. METHODS Demographically matched 20 AUD patients and 20 social drinkers (SD) completed an fMRI task involving repeated exposure to stress, alcohol-cue and neutral-relaxing images in a block design. Based on the known VmPFC-limbic-striatal functions involved in emotions, reward and the ANS, we performed a regions of interest (ROI) analysis to examine the associations between ANS activity and neural responses in the VmPFC, amygdala, and ventral striatum. RESULTS Across conditions, AUD patients showed significantly higher levels of overall heart rate (HR) and approximate entropy (ApEn) compared to SD (Ps < 0.05). In all participants, increased HR was associated with greater drinking volume (P < 0.05). In addition, higher ApEn levels were associated with greater drinking volume (P < 0.05) and decreased right VmPFC response to stress (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION Our findings demonstrate ANS disruption in AUD indexed by high overall HR and ApEn. The association between ApEn and rVmPFC response suggests that ApEn may play a role in modulating drinking via interactions with neural regions of emotion regulation. These findings provide insight into patterns of ANS disruption and their relevance to AUD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungju Hwang
- Corresponding authors: 2 Church Street South, Suite 209, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. E-mail: ,
| | - Jorge S Martins
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Ryan J Douglas
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Justin J Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Dongju Seo
- Corresponding authors: 2 Church Street South, Suite 209, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. E-mail: ,
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5
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Lesnewich LM, Pawlak AP, Gohel S, Bates ME. Functional connectivity in the central executive network predicts changes in binge drinking behavior during emerging adulthood: an observational prospective study. Addiction 2022; 117:1899-1907. [PMID: 35129227 DOI: 10.1111/add.15828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Binge drinking contributes to the immense public health burden associated with alcohol use, especially among younger drinkers. Little is known about the underlying neurobiology of changes in this behavior over time. This preliminary study aimed to identify neurobiological markers of binge drinking behavior change during emerging adulthood. DESIGN Observational prospective investigation of neurobiological predictors of binge drinking behavior. SETTING Communities surrounding a large, public university in the northeastern United States. PARTICIPANTS A total of 42 emerging adults (48% female), approximately half meeting criteria for an alcohol use disorder. MEASUREMENTS Past month binge drinking, the dependent variable, was assessed at two time-points (T1, T2) via self-report. Ten indices of resting-state functional connectivity within the central executive network (CEN), a brain network involved in executive function, were collected at T1 and specified as independent variables in cross-sectional and prospective Poisson models. All models controlled for age, sex, and alcohol use disorder status. FINDINGS The cross-sectional model yielded five significant associations between CEN connectivity and binge drinking incidence. Connections anchored primarily in the anterior CEN exhibited negative associations with binge drinking incidence (P = 0.001, 0.004, 0.011), and connections stemming from the right posterior parietal cortex exhibited positive associations with binge drinking incidence (P = 0.041, 0.045). In prospective models, stronger frontoparietal connectivity between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left posterior parietal cortex predicted greater increases in binge drinking incidence over time (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS There is an association between central executive network connectivity and heavy drinking, as well as evidence that functional pathways within the central executive network may contribute to changes in problematic drinking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Lesnewich
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Anthony P Pawlak
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Suril Gohel
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Health Professions, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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6
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Price JL, Bates ME, Morgano J, Todaro S, Uhouse SG, Vaschillo E, Vaschillo B, Pawlak A, Buckman JF. Effects of arousal modulation via resonance breathing on craving and affect in women with substance use disorder. Addict Behav 2022; 127:107207. [PMID: 34953433 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Craving for alcohol and other drugs is a complex in-the-moment experience that involves within-person changes in physiological arousal and affect. We evaluated the utility of a just-in-time, self-administered resonance breathing smartphone application (app) to reduce craving and improve affect in women during outpatient treatment for substance use disorders (SUD). METHODS Women (N = 57) receiving outpatient addiction treatment were randomized to practice either cardiovascular resonance breathing (0.1 Hz/6 breaths per minute) or a sham (∼0.23 Hz/14 breaths per minute) in the face of urges over an 8-week intervention. Craving (Penn Alcohol Craving Scale) and affect (Positive and Negative Affect Scale) were collected weekly throughout the intervention. App data were uploaded weekly to assess frequency of use. Generalized Estimated Equations modeled craving and affect as a function of group randomization and app use frequency across the 8-week intervention. FINDINGS Higher levels of craving were associated with more frequent app use. The group X app use interaction was significant for craving. Frequent app use during the intervention phase was associated with lower craving levels in the resonance breathing group relative to the sham group over the 8-week intervention. There was no effect of app use frequency on affect measures. CONCLUSIONS Women assigned to practice sham breathing who used the intervention frequently experienced elevations in craving that are commonly reported during outpatient SUD treatment. Women assigned to resonance breathing who used the intervention frequently did not experience such increases. Resonance breathing may be protective against triggers in outpatient treatment. Physiological mechanisms are discussed.
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“The tonic’s not always in a bottle”: a qualitative study investigating a heart rate variability biofeedback coherence intervention for individuals with gastrointestinal disorders. JOURNAL OF COMPLEXITY IN HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.21595/chs.2021.22069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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8
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Eddie D, Bates ME, Buckman JF. Closing the brain-heart loop: Towards more holistic models of addiction and addiction recovery. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e12958. [PMID: 32783345 PMCID: PMC7878572 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Much research seeks to articulate the brain structures and pathways implicated in addiction and addiction recovery. Prominent neurobiological models emphasize the interplay between cortical and limbic brain regions as a main driver of addictive processes, but largely do not take into consideration sensory and visceral information streams that link context and state to the brain and behavior. Yet these brain-body information streams would seem to be necessary elements of a comprehensive model of addiction. As a starting point, we describe the overlap between one current model of addiction circuitry and the neural network that not only regulates cardiovascular system activity but also receives feedback from peripheral cardiovascular processes through the baroreflex loop. We highlight the need for neurobiological, molecular, and behavioral studies of neural and peripheral cardiovascular signal integration during the experience of internal states and environmental contexts that drive alcohol and other drug use behaviors. We end with a call for systematic, mechanistic research on the promising, yet largely unexamined benefits to addiction treatment of neuroscience-informed, adjunctive interventions that target the malleability of the cardiovascular system to alter brain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eddie
- Recovery Research Institute, Center for Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marsha E. Bates
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA,Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jennifer F. Buckman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA,Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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9
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Leganes-Fonteneau M, Bates ME, Muzumdar N, Pawlak A, Islam S, Vaschillo E, Buckman JF. Cardiovascular mechanisms of interoceptive awareness: Effects of resonance breathing. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 169:71-87. [PMID: 34534600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interoception, the ability to perceive internal bodily sensations, and heart rate variability (HRV) share common physiological pathways, including the baroreflex feedback loop. The baroreflex can be activated by resonance breathing, wherein respiration is paced at 6 times per minute (0.1 Hz), eliciting immediate physiological changes and longer-term therapeutic responses. This registered report characterizes baroreflex functioning as a cardiac mechanism of interoception in a two-session study (n = 67). The heartbeat discrimination task was used to obtain indices of interoceptive accuracy, sensibility and metacognition. Baroreflex functioning was measured as HRV at 0.1 Hz and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS); high frequency (HF) HRV was calculated as a control. Cardiovascular indices were measured at baseline and during active and control paced breathing after which changes in interoception were measured. The first hypothesis was that baseline baroreflex functioning would predict individual differences in interoceptive awareness. The second hypothesis was that resonance breathing would increase participants' ability to detect their own heartbeats, and that this effect would be mediated by increases in 0.1 Hz HRV and BRS. Data were collected upon in principle acceptance of the manuscript. We found a negative relationship of interoceptive accuracy with baseline HF HRV and BRS, and a positive relationship between metacognitive interoception and 0.1HZ HRV, BRS and HF HRV. We found that changes in 0.1 Hz HRV and BRS during resonance breathing positively correlate with increases in interoceptive accuracy. Our results show that the extent to which breathing recruits the resonant properties of the cardiovascular system can facilitate the conscious perception of participants' heartbeats. We interpret this as an increase in vagal afferent signaling and baroreflex functioning following resonance breathing. We put forward an alternative explanation that HRV modulation can reduce interoceptive prediction errors, facilitating the conscious perception of interoceptive signals, and consider the role of resonance breathing on mental health from an interoceptive inference perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Leganes-Fonteneau
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America; Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America.
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America; Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America
| | - Neel Muzumdar
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America; Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America
| | - Anthony Pawlak
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America; Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America
| | - Shahriar Islam
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America
| | - Evgeny Vaschillo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America; Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America
| | - Jennifer F Buckman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America; Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America
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10
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Substance Use and Addiction Affect More Than the Brain: the Promise of Neurocardiac Interventions. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2021; 8:431-439. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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You M, Laborde S, Salvotti C, Zammit N, Mosley E, Dosseville F. Influence of a Single Slow-Paced Breathing Session on Cardiac Vagal Activity in Athletes. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Huang X, Wu Z, Liu Z, Liu D, Huang D, Long Y. Acute Effect of Betel Quid Chewing on Brain Network Dynamics: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:701420. [PMID: 34504445 PMCID: PMC8421637 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.701420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Betel quid (BQ) is one of the most popular addictive substances in the world. However, the neurophysiological mechanism underlying BQ addiction remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether and how BQ chewing would affect brain function in the framework of a dynamic brain network model. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were collected from 24 male BQ-dependent individuals and 26 male non-addictive healthy individuals before and promptly after chewing BQ. Switching rate, a measure of temporal stability of functional brain networks, was calculated at both global and local levels for each scan. The results showed that BQ-dependent and healthy groups did not significantly differ on switching rate before BQ chewing (F = 0.784, p = 0.381, analysis of covariance controlling for age, education, and head motion). After chewing BQ, both BQ-dependent (t = 2.674, p = 0.014, paired t-test) and healthy (t = 2.313, p = 0.029, paired t-test) individuals showed a significantly increased global switching rate compared to those before chewing BQ. Significant corresponding local-level effects were observed within the occipital areas for both groups, and within the cingulo-opercular, fronto-parietal, and cerebellum regions for BQ-dependent individuals. Moreover, in BQ-dependent individuals, switching rate was significantly correlated with the severity of BQ addiction assessed by the Betel Quid Dependence Scale scores (Spearman's rho = 0.471, p = 0.020) before BQ chewing. Our study provides preliminary evidence for the acute effects of BQ chewing on brain functional dynamism. These findings may provide insights into the neural mechanisms of substance addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhening Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dayi Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Danqing Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yicheng Long
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Leganes-Fonteneau M, Bates ME, Vaschillo EG, Buckman JF. An interoceptive basis for alcohol priming effects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:1621-1631. [PMID: 33599809 PMCID: PMC7889700 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05796-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alcohol priming can modulate the value of rewards, as observed through the effects of acute alcohol administration on cue reactivity. However, little is known about the psychophysiological mechanisms driving these effects. Here, we examine how alcohol-induced changes in bodily states shape the development of implicit attentional biases and explicit cue reactivity. OBJECTIVES To characterize the interoceptive correlates of alcohol priming effects on alcohol attentional biases and cue reactivity. METHODS In a two-session double-blind alcohol administration procedure, participants (n=31) were given a 0.4-g/kg dose of alcohol or a placebo drink. Cardiovascular responses were measured before and after alcohol administration to observe the effects of alcohol on viscero-afferent reactivity, as indexed through changes in heart rate variability (HRV) at or near 0.1 Hz (0.1-Hz HRV). Next, participants completed a modified flanker task to examine implicit alcohol attentional biases and provided subjective valence and arousal ratings of alcohol cues to examine explicit cue reactivity. RESULTS We found that changes in 0.1-Hz HRV after alcohol administration positively correlated with attentional biases, and negatively correlated with alcohol valence ratings; blood alcohol content was a null predictor. CONCLUSIONS This is novel evidence that suggests alcohol-induced changes in bodily states may mediate the occurrence of alcohol priming effects and highlights the potentially generative role of interoceptive mechanisms in alcohol-related behaviors. The differential patterns revealed by implicit biases and explicit response tendencies are considered within the context of the dissociation between wanting and liking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Leganes-Fonteneau
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. .,Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Marsha E. Bates
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA ,grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | - Evgeny G. Vaschillo
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA ,grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | - Jennifer F. Buckman
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA ,grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA
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Bio-Behavioral Indices of Emotion Regulation: Potential Targets for Treatment in Addiction. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lim AC, Green R, Grodin EN, Venegas A, Meredith LR, Donato S, Burnette E, Ray LA. Alcohol Cue-Induced Ventral Striatum Activity Predicts Subsequent Alcohol Self-Administration. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1224-1233. [PMID: 32406553 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human laboratory paradigms are a pillar in medication development for alcohol use disorders (AUD). Neuroimaging paradigms, in which individuals are exposed to cues that elicit neural correlates of alcohol craving (e.g., mesocorticolimbic activation), are increasingly utilized to test the effects of AUD medications. Elucidation of the translational effects of these neuroimaging paradigms on human laboratory paradigms, such as self-administration, is warranted. The current study is a secondary analysis examining whether alcohol cue-induced activation in the ventral striatum is predictive of subsequent alcohol self-administration in the laboratory. METHODS Non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers of East Asian descent (n = 41) completed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover experiment on the effects of naltrexone on neuroimaging and human laboratory paradigms. Participants completed 5 days of study medication (or placebo); on day 4, they completed a neuroimaging alcohol taste cue-reactivity task. On the following day (day 5), participants completed a 60-minute alcohol self-administration paradigm. RESULTS Multilevel Cox regressions indicated a significant effect of taste cue-elicited ventral striatum activation on latency to first drink, Wald χ2 = 2.88, p = 0.05, such that those with higher ventral striatum activation exhibited shorter latencies to consume their first drink. Similarly, ventral striatum activation was positively associated with total number of drinks consumed, F(1, 38) = 5.90, p = 0.02. These effects were significant after controlling for alcohol use severity, OPRM1 genotype, and medication. Other potential regions of interest (anterior cingulate, thalamus) were not predictive of self-administration outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Neuroimaging alcohol taste cue paradigms may be predictive of laboratory paradigms such as self-administration. Elucidation of the relationships among different paradigms will inform how these paradigms may be used synergistically in experimental medicine and medication development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Lim
- From the, Department of Psychology, (ACL, RG, ENG, AV, LRM, SD, EB, LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - ReJoyce Green
- From the, Department of Psychology, (ACL, RG, ENG, AV, LRM, SD, EB, LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Erica N Grodin
- From the, Department of Psychology, (ACL, RG, ENG, AV, LRM, SD, EB, LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Alexandra Venegas
- From the, Department of Psychology, (ACL, RG, ENG, AV, LRM, SD, EB, LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Lindsay R Meredith
- From the, Department of Psychology, (ACL, RG, ENG, AV, LRM, SD, EB, LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Suzanna Donato
- From the, Department of Psychology, (ACL, RG, ENG, AV, LRM, SD, EB, LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Elizabeth Burnette
- From the, Department of Psychology, (ACL, RG, ENG, AV, LRM, SD, EB, LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Lara A Ray
- From the, Department of Psychology, (ACL, RG, ENG, AV, LRM, SD, EB, LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, (LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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