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Aydın O, Tvrtkovic S, Çakıroğlu E, Ünal-Aydın P, Esen-Danacı A. The effect of emotion recognition and mindfulness on depression symptoms: A case-control study. Scand J Psychol 2024; 65:433-442. [PMID: 38124382 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in emotion recognition (ER) are frequently reported in depression, with lower recognition accuracy in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) when compared to healthy individuals. Mindfulness was found to directly impact the severity of depressive symptoms, by recognizing negative cognitions and dysfunctional reactions. The aims of this study were to compare ER and mindfulness levels between MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs), as well as to examine whether ER and mindfulness are related to symptom severity in MDD patients. Sixty-eight patients with MDD and 93 HCs participated in the study. A sociodemographic form, reading the mind in the eyes test (RMET), five facet mindfulness questionnaire-short form (FFMQ-S) and the Montgomery-Asberg depression scale (MADRS) were administered. Group comparison in ER and mindfulness was performed using the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Bivariate correlations and hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between depression severity, ER and mindfulness in the patient group. Higher level of mindfulness was found in HCs relative to MDD group, however, no ER difference was present between the groups. A positive association between depression severity and the non-reactivity facet of mindfulness was found. On the other hand, ER was not significantly associated with symptom severity among individuals with MDD. Non-reactivity, unlike other dimensions of mindfulness, seems to increase with the severity of depressive symptoms among MDD patients. A particular focus on this subdimension in mindfulness techniques may yield better outcomes in alleviation of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orkun Aydın
- International University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Selma Tvrtkovic
- International University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Elif Çakıroğlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Pınar Ünal-Aydın
- International University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ayşen Esen-Danacı
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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Harrison LT, Marenus MW, Chen W. Reducing Anxiety and Enhancing Mindfulness in College Students during COVID-19 through WeActive and WeMindful Interventions. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:374. [PMID: 38338259 PMCID: PMC10855634 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the immediate and short-term, sustained effects of two virtual interventions, WeActive, an aerobic and resistance training program, and WeMindful, a mindful exercise, in reducing anxiety and improving mindfulness among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Participants were 60 students from a large Midwestern university who were randomly assigned to either the WeActive group (n = 36) or the WeMindful group (n = 24). The WeActive group participated in two virtual 30 min aerobic and resistance training sessions per week (WeActive) and the WeMindful group participated in two virtual 30 min mindful exercise sessions per week for eight weeks. All participants completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire through Qualtrics at three time points: one week prior to (pre-test), one week after (post-test), and six weeks after (follow-up) the intervention. RESULTS A repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of time on anxiety (F = 7.51, η2 = 0.036, p = 0.001) in both groups. WeActive significantly decreased anxiety scores between the pre-test and follow-up (t = 2.7, p = 0.027) and post-test and follow-up (t = 3.1, p = 0.007), and WeMindful significantly decreased anxiety scores between the post-test and follow-up (t = 0.641, p = 0.028). For mindfulness, there was a significant main effect of time in both groups (F = 3.91, η2 = 0.009, p = 0.025), where only WeMindful significantly increased mindfulness from the pre-test to follow-up (t = -2.7, p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS Anxiety decreased significantly in both the WeActive and WeMindful groups and mindfulness increased significantly in the WeMindful group. Furthermore, the decrease in anxiety was sustained in a short-term period following the end of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Weiyun Chen
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (L.T.H.); (M.W.M.)
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Dixon HC, Reynolds LM, Consedine NS. Containing Attachment Concerns: Does Trait Mindfulness Buffer the Links between Attachment Insecurity and Maladaptive Sexual Motivations? JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023; 60:1126-1137. [PMID: 35230199 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2043229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Individuals reporting greater insecure attachment are more likely to report maladaptive sexual motivations, such as sex to avoid negative relational and personal outcomes (e.g., conflict). Despite the costs of such sexual motivations, research is less clear regarding what might buffer the extent to which attachment insecurities manifest in such motives. The current study examined whether trait mindfulness moderates the links between attachment insecurity and maladaptive sexual motives. Participants (N = 194) completed measures of trait mindfulness, general sexual motivations, and attachment. As predicted, the links between attachment anxiety and having sex to cope and affirm the self were eliminated among individuals reporting higher levels of the acting with awareness facet of trait mindfulness. No such buffering effects were seen for attachment avoidance. Instead, acting with awareness mindfulness appeared to increase the extent to which more avoidantly attached individuals reported coping and self-affirmation-based sexual motives. These findings contribute to knowledge regarding the potential utility and limits of mindfulness in relational and sexual contexts, perhaps suggesting that mindfulness may help anxiously attached individuals manage the extent to which attachment concerns manifest in maladaptive sexual motivations. Findings of the study may inform both theory regarding mindfulness in interpersonal functioning and how mindfulness interventions might be deployed in sex therapy contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Dixon
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland
| | - L M Reynolds
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland
| | - N S Consedine
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland
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Yiu HC, Zang AY, Chau JPC. Understanding the experience of family caregivers of people with dementia in a culturally tailored support group programme: A qualitative study. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 52:133-141. [PMID: 37301077 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies on support group interventions for family caregivers of people with dementia have not explicitly reported on the incorporation of cultural elements. This study evaluates the impact of a culturally tailored intervention (a six-session programme called 'Cultivate Yourself: Support for Caregivers of Persons with Dementia') that integrates Chinese philosophies for psychosocial well-being among target caregivers in Hong Kong. Thirty-three family caregivers of people with dementia from two older adult centres in Hong Kong participated in the programme from October 2020 to September 2021. Multiple benefits from the programme, namely improvements in family caregivers' psychosocial well-being, caring process and supporting values, were identified during six focus group interviews with 29 participants who attended at least four of the six sessions. Our findings provide insight into strategies for developing a culturally tailored support group programme for Chinese caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hing Cheung Yiu
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 6/F Esther Lee Building, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Amy Yuli Zang
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 8/F Esther Lee Building, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Janita P C Chau
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Assistant Dean (Alumni Affairs), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 8/F Esther Lee Building, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Taylor G, Bylund CL, Kastrinos A, Alpert JM, Puig A, Krajewski JMT, Sharma B, Fisher CL. Practicing Mindfulness through mHealth Applications: Emerging Adults' Health-Enhancing and Inhibiting Experiences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052619. [PMID: 35270309 PMCID: PMC8910211 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) and practices (MBPs) can promote better health outcomes. Although MBIs and MBPs were developed to be delivered in-person, mobile health (mHealth) tools such as apps have made these more accessible. Mindfulness apps (MAs) are popular among emerging adults (EAs) who have the highest ownership of smartphones and who are also at risk for distress. While adverse effects have been observed with MBIs/MBPs, this has not been examined when mindfulness is practiced using apps. We interviewed EAs (n = 22) to capture their motivations for using these apps and identified health-inhibiting and enhancing experiences. Data were thematically analyzed using the constant comparative method. Motivations for app use included accessibility, convenience, and stress/health management. EAs described health-enhancing outcomes (reduced distress, improved physical symptoms, increased focus) and health-inhibiting outcomes (worsened distress, performance uncertainty, dependency development, worsened physical health). They provided suggestions for improving apps (e.g., feedback option). These findings illustrate benefits and risks that EAs may encounter when practicing mindfulness using apps, which can inform the best practices for app design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greenberry Taylor
- Department of Communication, Flagler College, St. Augustine, FL 32084, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-2515910098
| | - Carma L. Bylund
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA;
| | - Amanda Kastrinos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10022, USA;
| | - Jordan M. Alpert
- College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.M.A.); (B.S.); (C.L.F.)
| | - Ana Puig
- College of Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | | | - Bhakti Sharma
- College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.M.A.); (B.S.); (C.L.F.)
| | - Carla L. Fisher
- College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.M.A.); (B.S.); (C.L.F.)
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Jacobsen P, Choksi T, Sawyer K, Maximen C, Harding E, Richardson M. Home practice in mindfulness-based interventions for psychosis groups: a systematic review and qualitative study. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:9. [PMID: 35022085 PMCID: PMC8756717 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular home practice is considered a core component of mindfulness groups and may be associated with better treatment outcomes. This study aimed to (1) review the existing evidence on how much home practice people do in mindfulness-based interventions for psychosis groups, and (2) explore participants' experiences of the barriers and facilitators to completing home practice in a mindfulness for psychosis group using a qualitative study. METHODS In study 1, we conducted a systematic review of mindfulness-based interventions for psychosis studies and extracted data on home practice rates. In study 2, we conducted semi-structured interviews with people who had completed a mindfulness for psychosis group (N = 5) as part of their routine community care, specifically focusing on experiences of home practice. RESULTS Out of 43 studies included in the systematic review, only 5 reported any data on amount of home practice, and none examined the relationship between completion of home practice and treatment outcomes. In the qualitative study, participants described home practice as being difficult but important. Arising themes were similar to findings from previous (non-psychosis) studies suggesting that generic challenges are common, rather than being specific to psychosis. CONCLUSIONS We recommend that future mindfulness-based interventions for psychosis studies record data on home practice rates, in order to investigate any association between home practice and treatment outcome. Our qualitative findings suggest home practice can be a valued part of mindfulness for psychosis group, and a normalising approach could be taken when and if participants encounter common challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Jacobsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Twinkle Choksi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Cassia Maximen
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Emma Harding
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Lam AHY, Cheung YTD, Wong KH, Leung SF, Chien WT. Dispositional Mindfulness and Psychotic Symptoms in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: The Mediating Roles of Rumination and Negative Emotion. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:75-85. [PMID: 35046658 PMCID: PMC8760986 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s338133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have shown that rumination plays a significant mediating role between dispositional mindfulness (DM) and psychopathological symptoms in both clinical and non-clinical populations. However, no studies have examined this pathway in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). METHODS A cross-sectional, clinician-administered survey was conducted among people with SSDs (n = 52) in a community setting. Participants completed the Chinese versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form, Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. Structural equation modelling was performed to examine the pathways of mindfulness facets, rumination, negative emotions and psychotic symptoms. RESULTS Two facets of mindfulness (nonjudging and acting with awareness) reduced rumination and negative emotional status. Rumination fully mediated the relationship between nonjudging and negative emotions and partially mediated the relationship between acting with awareness and negative emotions. Furthermore, rumination and negative emotions sequentially mediated the relationship between acting with awareness and hallucination (B = -0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.338 to -0.045, p = 0.01) and between nonjudging and hallucination (B = -0.356, 95% CI = -0.255 to -0.008, p = 0.034). The model fit the data well (χ2(2) = 1.318, p = 0.517, Tucker-Lewis index = 1.075, comparative fit index = 1, standardised root mean residual = 0.0251, root mean square error of approximation = 0.0001). CONCLUSION Rumination and negative emotions serially mediated the relationship between DM and hallucination. The findings support the contribution of changes across transdiagnostic mediators underlying the therapeutic effects of mindfulness training. Further research examining the transdiagnostic processes of DM in influencing clinical outcomes in SSDs is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Ho Yan Lam
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yee Tak Derek Cheung
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kwan Ho Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Sau Fong Leung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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A network approach to the five-facet model of mindfulness. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15094. [PMID: 34301994 PMCID: PMC8302557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the large-scale dissemination of mindfulness-based interventions, debates persist about the very nature of mindfulness. To date, one of the dominant views is the five-facet approach, which suggests that mindfulness includes five facets (i.e., Observing, Describing, Nonjudging, Nonreactivity, and Acting with Awareness). However, uncertainty remains regarding the potential interplay between these facets. In this study, we investigated the five-facet model via network analysis in an unselected sample (n = 1704). We used two distinct computational network approaches: a Gaussian graphical model (i.e., undirected) and a directed acyclic graph, with each model determining the relations between the facets and their relative importance in the network. Both computational approaches pointed to the facet denoting Acting with Awareness as playing an especially potent role in the network system. Altogether, our findings offer novel data-driven clues for the field's larger quest to ascertain the very foundations of mindfulness.
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The Role of Mindfulness in the Intimate Relationships and Psychological Wellbeing in Emerging Adulthood. SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci10070259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of mindfulness on psychological wellbeing, anxiety, and avoidance in couple relationships. In emerging adulthood, intimate relationships are associated with life satisfaction and changes that can cause psychological maladjustment. This study seeks to determine if dispositional mindfulness acts as a protective variable between psychological wellbeing, anxiety, and avoidance and identify the factors that are protectors. A sample was obtained of 391 young university students between 18 and 25 years old. The Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Ryff Scales of Psychological Wellbeing, and the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale were used. The results show that the highest levels of dispositional mindfulness are associated with greater psychological wellbeing. Dispositional mindfulness cannot act as a protective variable against anxiety and avoidance, and values were non-significant in intimate relationships. It is necessary to continue investigating the most protective facets of mindfulness for both anxiety and avoidance.
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Yang HJ, Koh E, Sung MK, Kang H. Changes Induced by Mind-Body Intervention Including Epigenetic Marks and Its Effects on Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031317. [PMID: 33525677 PMCID: PMC7865217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have evidenced that epigenetic marks associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be inherited from parents or acquired through fetal and early-life events, as well as through lifelong environments or lifestyles, which can increase the risk of diabetes in adulthood. However, epigenetic modifications are reversible, and can be altered through proper intervention, thus mitigating the risk factors of T2D. Mind-body intervention (MBI) refers to interventions like meditation, yoga, and qigong, which deal with both physical and mental well-being. MBI not only induces psychological changes, such as alleviation of depression, anxiety, and stress, but also physiological changes like parasympathetic activation, lower cortisol secretion, reduced inflammation, and aging rate delay, which are all risk factors for T2D. Notably, MBI has been reported to reduce blood glucose in patients with T2D. Herein, based on recent findings, we review the effects of MBI on diabetes and the mechanisms involved, including epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jeong Yang
- Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul 06022, Korea; (M.-K.S.); (H.K.)
- Department of Integrative Health Care, University of Brain Education, Cheonan 31228, Korea
- Correspondence:
| | - Eugene Koh
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratories, Singapore 117604, Singapore;
| | - Min-Kyu Sung
- Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul 06022, Korea; (M.-K.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Hojung Kang
- Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul 06022, Korea; (M.-K.S.); (H.K.)
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A Review of Psychological Issues among Patients and Healthcare Staff during Two Major Coronavirus Disease Outbreaks in China: Contributory Factors and Management Strategies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186673. [PMID: 32937749 PMCID: PMC7557771 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have affected populations worldwide. Our literature review summarises the studies reporting psychological issues among healthcare staff and infected patients in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan during these two outbreaks and the potential strategies for addressing these issues. Our review shows that patients and healthcare staff presented similar psychological symptoms, including anxiety, fear, distress, and depression, which may lead to stress-related complications such as insomnia. In patients, these psychological impairments can be contributed to by being quarantined, perceptions of threats to life, and uncertainty about health status. Quarantine is also a factor for distress among healthcare staff, together with their heavy workload, the fear that they and their families would become infected, witnessing their patients' poor and deteriorating conditions, and the requirement to wear protective gear. Strategies that are needed to address these factors include providing counselling services, implementing mindfulness-based therapies and optimism interventions, and providing telecommunication facilities for patients to communicate with their families. Healthcare staff should also be provided with these services, together with appropriate and flexible work shift arrangements and morale boosting. These strategies would improve not only the mental well-being of patients and healthcare staff, but also the self-efficacy and competence of the staff to provide quality healthcare services.
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