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Meng X, Zhang S, Zhou S, Ma Y, Yu X, Guan L. Putative Risk Biomarkers of Bipolar Disorder in At-risk Youth. Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-024-01219-w. [PMID: 38710851 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable and functionally impairing disease. The recognition and intervention of BD especially that characterized by early onset remains challenging. Risk biomarkers for predicting BD transition among at-risk youth may improve disease prognosis. We reviewed the more recent clinical studies to find possible pre-diagnostic biomarkers in youth at familial or (and) clinical risk of BD. Here we found that putative biomarkers for predicting conversion to BD include findings from multiple sample sources based on different hypotheses. Putative risk biomarkers shown by perspective studies are higher bipolar polygenetic risk scores, epigenetic alterations, elevated immune parameters, front-limbic system deficits, and brain circuit dysfunction associated with emotion and reward processing. Future studies need to enhance machine learning integration, make clinical detection methods more objective, and improve the quality of cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Meng
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shengmin Zhang
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shuzhe Zhou
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yantao Ma
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lili Guan
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China.
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2
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Jendraszak M, Skibińska I, Kotwicka M, Andrusiewicz M. The elusive male microbiome: revealing the link between the genital microbiota and fertility. Critical review and future perspectives. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024:1-29. [PMID: 38523477 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2024.2331489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing focus on understanding the role of the male microbiome in fertility issues. Although research on the bacterial communities within the male reproductive system is in its initial phases, recent discoveries highlight notable variations in the microbiome's composition and abundance across distinct anatomical regions like the skin, foreskin, urethra, and coronary sulcus. To assess the relationship between male genitourinary microbiome and reproduction, we queried various databases, including MEDLINE (available via PubMed), SCOPUS, and Web of Science to obtain evidence-based data. The literature search was conducted using the following terms "gut/intestines microbiome," "genitourinary system microbiome," "microbiome and female/male infertility," "external genital tract microbiome," "internal genital tract microbiome," and "semen microbiome." Fifty-one relevant papers were analyzed, and eleven were strictly semen quality or male fertility related. The male microbiome, especially in the accessory glands like the prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands, has garnered significant interest because of its potential link to male fertility and reproduction. Studies have also found differences in bacterial diversity present in the testicular tissue of normozoospermic men compared to azoospermic suggesting a possible role of bacterial dysbiosis and reproduction. Correlation between the bacterial taxa in the genital microbiota of sexual partners has also been found, and sexual activity can influence the composition of the urogenital microbiota. Exploring the microbial world within the male reproductive system and its influence on fertility opens doors to developing ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat infertility. The present work emphasizes the importance of using consistent methods, conducting long-term studies, and deepening our understanding of how the reproductive tract microbiome works. This helps make research comparable, pinpoint potential interventions, and smoothly apply microbiome insights to real-world clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jendraszak
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Izabela Skibińska
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kotwicka
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mirosław Andrusiewicz
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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3
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Afroz KF, Manchia M. Gut microbiome and psychiatric disorders. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:488. [PMID: 37420189 PMCID: PMC10329335 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several pieces of evidence show that gut microbiota can impact psychiatric disorders. However, no mechanism behind the relationship has been identified. Host genetics and their diets have a significant impact on the gut microbiota. More advanced studies are needed to find the mechanism and develop new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, 09121, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, 09121, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 0A2, Canada
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Yamauchi T, Koyama N, Hirai A, Suganuma H, Suzuki S, Murashita K, Mikami T, Tamada Y, Sato N, Imoto S, Itoh K, Nakaji S. Definition of a Dietary Pattern Expressing the Intake of Vegetables and Fruits and Its Association with Intestinal Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:2104. [PMID: 37432274 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Daily dietary habits directly or indirectly influence the intestinal microbiota, and the resulting changes in its composition and metabolic activity alter the health conditions of the host. Although many studies have analyzed the association between individual nutrients/food items and intestinal microbiota, the assessment of the diet and intestinal microbiota from a macroscopic perspective has not yet been performed in Japan. Therefore, we focused on vegetables and fruits and aimed to identify dietary patterns of high intake of these foods and to examine their relationship with the intestinal microbiota. This cross-sectional study included 1019 healthy individuals aged ≥20 years in a rural area in northern Japan. Six dietary patterns were detected by factor analysis using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) data to identify the "vege pattern", which was the dietary pattern rich in vegetables and fruits. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance revealed changes in β-diversity according to dietary patterns. In multivariable-adjusted models, the adherence to the vege pattern was positively correlated with α-diversity. This is the first study to reveal a correlation between intestinal microbiota and dietary habits rich in vegetables and fruits in a rural area of Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Yamauchi
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan
| | - Naoko Koyama
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hirai
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suganuma
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan
| | - Shigenori Suzuki
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan
| | - Koichi Murashita
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tamada
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sato
- Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Vegetable Life Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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Manchia M, Squassina A, Tozzi F, Antoniades A, Carpiniello B. Gut microbiota and treatment-resistant schizophrenia: many questions, fewer answers. Pharmacogenomics 2022; 23:277-280. [PMID: 35238627 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2022-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has a fundamental role in regulating the homeostasis of brain function and behavior. Indeed, alterations in the gut microbiota have been linked to pathological processes affecting the brain, such as those occurring in severe psychiatric disorders. Although these data can potentially reveal a wealth of information related to the underlying biological mechanisms linking psychiatric diseases to the gut microbiome, the implication for clinical guidelines and care is still unclear. This is an unsettling reality even for phenotypic manifestations of severe mental disorders associated with increased illness burden, such as treatment-resistant forms. In this editorial, we list some of the obstacles affecting gut microbiota research in psychiatry, especially with regard to treatment-resistant forms, and suggest some strategies to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Manchia
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, 09127, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, 09127, Italy.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2E2, Canada
| | - Federica Tozzi
- Research and Development, Stremble Ventures, Limassol, 3095, Cyprus
| | - Athos Antoniades
- Research and Development, Stremble Ventures, Limassol, 3095, Cyprus
| | - Bernardo Carpiniello
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, 09127, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, 09127, Italy
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Mousa WK, Chehadeh F, Husband S. Recent Advances in Understanding the Structure and Function of the Human Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:825338. [PMID: 35185849 PMCID: PMC8851206 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.825338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microbes live within our bodies in a deep symbiotic relationship. Microbial populations vary across body sites, driven by differences in the environment, immunological factors, and interactions between microbial species. Major advances in genome sequencing enable a better understanding of microbiome composition. However, most of the microbial taxa and species of the human microbiome are still unknown. Without revealing the identity of these microbes as a first step, we cannot appreciate their role in human health and diseases. A shift in the microbial balance, termed dysbiosis, is linked to a broad range of diseases from simple colitis and indigestion to cancer and dementia. The last decade has witnessed an explosion in microbiome research that led to a better understanding of the microbiome structure and function. This understanding leads to potential opportunities to develop next-generation microbiome-based drugs and diagnostic biomarkers. However, our understanding is limited given the highly personalized nature of the microbiome and its complex and multidirectional interactions with the host. In this review, we discuss: (1) our current knowledge of microbiome structure and factors that shape the microbial composition, (2) recent associations between microbiome dysbiosis and diseases, and (3) opportunities of new microbiome-based therapeutics. We analyze common themes, promises, gaps, and challenges of the microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa K. Mousa
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biology, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Fadia Chehadeh
- Department of Biology, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States
| | - Shannon Husband
- Department of Biology, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States
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Involvement of Gut Microbiota in Schizophrenia and Treatment Resistance to Antipsychotics. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080875. [PMID: 34440078 PMCID: PMC8389684 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is constituted by more than 40,000 bacterial species involved in key processes including high order brain functions. Altered composition of gut microbiota has been implicated in psychiatric disorders and in modulating the efficacy and safety of psychotropic medications. In this work we characterized the composition of the gut microbiota in 38 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and 20 healthy controls (HC), and tested if SCZ patients with different response to antipsychotics (18 patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS), and 20 responders (R)) had specific patterns of gut microbiota composition associated with different response to antipsychotics. Moreover, we also tested if patients treated with typical antipsychotics (n = 20) presented significant differences when compared to patients treated with atypical antipsychotics (n = 31). Our findings showed the presence of distinct composition of gut microbiota in SCZ versus HC, with several bacteria at the different taxonomic levels only present in either one group or the other. Similar findings were observed also depending on treatment response and exposure to diverse classes of antipsychotics. Our results suggest that composition of gut microbiota could constitute a biosignatures of SCZ and TRS.
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Coelho-Júnior HJ, Calvani R, Landi F, Picca A, Marzetti E. Protein Intake and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutr Metab Insights 2021; 14:11786388211022373. [PMID: 34158801 PMCID: PMC8182191 DOI: 10.1177/11786388211022373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The present study investigated the association between protein intake and
cognitive function in older adults. Methods: We performed a literature search with no restriction on publication year in
MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, AgeLine from inception up to October 2020.
Observational studies that investigated as a primary or secondary outcome
the association of protein intake and cognitive function in older adults
aged ⩾60 years were included. Results: Nine cross-sectional studies that investigated a total of 4929 older adults
were included in the qualitative analysis. Overall cognitive function was
examined in 6 studies. Four investigations reported null associations and 2
studies found that older adults with a high protein intake had higher global
cognitive function than their counterparts. Results from the meta-analysis
suggested that there were no significant associations between protein
consumption and global cognitive function in older adults, regardless of
gender. Three studies investigated other cognitive domains. Memory and
protein intake were significantly and positively correlated in all studies.
In addition, visuospatial, verbal fluency, processing speed, and sustained
attention were positively associated with protein consumption in 1 study
each. Conclusion: No significant associations between protein intake and global cognitive
function were observed in neither qualitative nor quantitative analyses. The
association between protein consumption with multiple other cognitive
domains were also tested. As a whole, 3 studies reported a positive and
significant association between high protein intake and memory, while 1
study observed a significant and positive association with visuospatial,
verbal fluency, processing speed, and sustained attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Williams ZJ, Gotham KO. Improving the measurement of alexithymia in autistic adults: a psychometric investigation and refinement of the twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Mol Autism 2021; 12:20. [PMID: 33653400 PMCID: PMC7971146 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-021-00427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alexithymia, a personality trait characterized by difficulties interpreting one's own emotional states, is commonly elevated in autistic adults, and a growing body of literature suggests that this trait underlies a number of cognitive and emotional differences previously attributed to autism, such as difficulties in facial emotion recognition and reduced empathy. Although questionnaires such as the twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) are frequently used to measure alexithymia in the autistic population, few studies have attempted to determine the psychometric properties of these questionnaires in autistic adults, including whether differential item functioning (I-DIF) exists between autistic and general population adults. METHODS We conducted an in-depth psychometric analysis of the TAS-20 in a large sample of 743 verbal autistic adults recruited from the Simons Foundation SPARK participant pool and 721 general population controls enrolled in a large international psychological study (the Human Penguin Project). The factor structure of the TAS-20 was examined using confirmatory factor analysis, and item response theory was used to further refine the scale based on local model misfit and I-DIF between the groups. Correlations between alexithymia and other clinical outcomes such as autistic traits, anxiety, and quality-of-life were used to assess the nomological validity of the revised alexithymia scale in the SPARK sample. RESULTS The TAS-20 did not exhibit adequate global model fit in either the autistic or general population samples. Empirically driven item reduction was undertaken, resulting in an eight-item unidimensional scale (TAS-8) with sound psychometric properties and practically ignorable I-DIF between diagnostic groups. Correlational analyses indicated that TAS-8 scores meaningfully predict autistic trait levels, anxiety and depression symptoms, and quality of life, even after controlling for trait neuroticism. LIMITATIONS Limitations of the current study include a sample of autistic adults that was overwhelmingly female, later-diagnosed, and well-educated; clinical and control groups drawn from different studies with variable measures; and an inability to test several other important psychometric characteristics of the TAS-8, including sensitivity to change and I-DIF across multiple administrations. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the potential of the TAS-8 as a psychometrically robust tool to measure alexithymia in both autistic and non-autistic adults. A free online score calculator has been created to facilitate the use of norm-referenced TAS-8 latent trait scores in research applications (available at http://asdmeasures.shinyapps.io/TAS8_Score ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Williams
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Avenue South, Medical Center East, Room 8310, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
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