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Gallop L, Westwood SJ, Hemmings A, Lewis Y, Campbell IC, Schmidt U. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in children and young people with psychiatric disorders: a systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02475-x. [PMID: 38809301 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has demonstrated benefits in adults with psychiatric disorders, but its clinical utility in children and young people (CYP) is unclear. This PRISMA systematic review used published and ongoing studies to examine the effects of rTMS on disorder-specific symptoms, mood and neurocognition in CYP with psychiatric disorders. We searched Medline via PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO via OVID, and Clinicaltrials.gov up to July 2023. Eligible studies involved multiple-session (i.e., treatment) rTMS in CYP (≤ 25 years-old) with psychiatric disorders. Two independent raters assessed the eligibility of studies and extracted data using a custom-built form. Out of 78 eligible studies (participant N = 1389), the majority (k = 54; 69%) reported an improvement in at least one outcome measure of disorder-specific core symptoms. Some studies (k = 21) examined rTMS effects on mood or neurocognition,: findings were largely positive. Overall, rTMS was well-tolerated with minimal side-effects. Of 17 ongoing or recently completed studies, many are sham-controlled RCTs with better blinding techniques and a larger estimated participant enrolment. Findings provide encouraging evidence for rTMS-related improvements in disorder-specific symptoms in CYP with different psychiatric disorders. However, in terms of both mood (for conditions other than depression) and neurocognitive outcomes, evidence is limited. Importantly, rTMS is well-tolerated and safe. Ongoing studies appear to be of improved methodological quality; however, future studies should broaden outcome measures to more comprehensively assess the effects of rTMS and develop guidance on dosage (i.e., treatment regimens).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Gallop
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, PO Box 59, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Samuel J Westwood
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AB, UK
| | - Amelia Hemmings
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, PO Box 59, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Yael Lewis
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, PO Box 59, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Hadarim Eating Disorder Unit, Shalvata Mental Health Centre, Hod Hasharon, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Iain C Campbell
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, PO Box 59, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, PO Box 59, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Wang Q, Wen M, Fan S, Liu J, Wang X, Guo W, Hu J, Zhang J, Li B, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Li K. Attention-Dominated Cognitive Dysfunction May Be a Biological Marker for Distinguishing SA from SI in Adolescents: A Network Analysis Study Based on Adolescent Depression. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:945-956. [PMID: 38464812 PMCID: PMC10924855 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s448904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Suicidal behavior is strongly correlated with depressive symptoms and the degree of suicidal ideation. Cognitive impairment may have varying degrees of influence on suicidal ideation (SI) and suicidal attempts (SA). The aim of this study was to identify the cognitive biomarkers that distinguish suicidal ideation from suicidal attempts in adolescents. Methods The cross-sectional sample comprised 54 adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 32 healthy controls (HC). The THINC-it was utilized to assess cognitive function of all the samples. Suicidal ideation was examined by the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Scale (PANSI). Based on the type of data, one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis was performed to investigate group differences. Bonferroni post-hoc analysis was employed for regulating type I error for pairwise comparisons. Network analysis was used to compare the networks associated with suicidal ideation, depression symptoms, and cognitive function between SA and SI. Results The depression symptoms (HAMD-17) (F=72.515, P<0.001) and suicidal ideation (PANSI) (F=267.952, P<0.001) in the SA were higher than those in the SI. Analysis of between-group differences showed SA performed worse in THINC-it, especially in "Spotter (SP)" (P=0.033), "Objective cognition score (OS)" (P=0.027) and "Composite score (CS)" (P=0.017). Compared with SI, network analysis revealed that SA had a unique network of cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Nevertheless, both networks exhibit comparable performance concerning the node strength of cognitive function. Within their separate networks, the aspects of CS, OS, and SP have emerged as the three most crucial elements. Conclusion Adolescents with SI or SA exhibit a broad spectrum of cognitive impairments. Attention impairment can be beneficial in discerning between SI and SA. Future interventions for adolescent suicide can center on attention and the comprehensive cognitive ability that it represents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Clinical Medicine College, Hebei University, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wen
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohang Fan
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinning Liu
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Psychosomatic Medicine Department, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Guo
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyun Hu
- Psychiatric Department, The Second People's Hospital of Yuxi, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialan Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunshu Zhang
- Clinical Medicine College, Hebei University, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqing Li
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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Li Y, Liu X. Efficacy and safety of non-invasive brain stimulation in combination with antidepressants in adolescents with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1288338. [PMID: 38426000 PMCID: PMC10902042 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1288338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is beneficial to adult patients with depression, but its safety and efficacy in combination with antidepressants in children and adolescents with depression are not clear. We conducted a preliminary meta-analysis to objectively evaluate its clinical effect and provide information for future research and clinical practice. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were searched systematically to find clinical trials published in English before April 11, 2023. Stata software was used for meta-analysis, and random or fixed effect models were used to combine effect sizes. Results Nine studies were eligible and included (n = 393). No articles about children were included in the analysis. The results showed that the remission rate was 40% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13% to 71%). The scores of Children's Depression Rating Scale (CRDS) and Hamilton's depression scale (HAMD) significantly decreased compared to baseline value (MD = -27.04, 95% CI: -30.95, -23.12 and MD = -12.78, 95% CI: -19.55 to -6.01). In addition, the incidence of all adverse events was 13% (95% CI: 5%, 23%), and all were minor pain-related events. Conclusion The combination of NIBS and antidepressants has been shown to notably alleviate depressive symptoms in adolescents, offering a considerable level of safety. This therapeutic synergy is particularly effective in patients with major depressive disorder, where repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation augmented with antidepressants can enhance the amelioration of depressive symptoms. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023442215, PROSPERO CRD42023442215.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Liu J, Guan J, Xiong J, Wang F. Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Sertraline on Cognitive Level, Inflammatory Response and Neurological Function in Depressive Disorder Patients with Non-suicidal Self-injury Behavior. ACTAS ESPANOLAS DE PSIQUIATRIA 2024; 52:28-36. [PMID: 38454900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive disorder is a chronic mental illness characterized by persistent low mood as its primary clinical symptom. Currently, psychotherapy and drug therapy stand as the primary treatment modalities in clinical practice, offering a certain degree of relief from negative emotions for patients. Nevertheless, sole reliance on drug therapy exhibits a delayed impact on neurotransmitters, and long-term usage often results in adverse side effects such as nausea, drowsiness, and constipation, significantly impeding medication adherence. This study aims to investigate the impact of combining transcranial magnetic stimulation with sertraline on the cognitive level, inflammatory response, and neurological function in patients with depressive disorder who engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior. METHODS A total of 130 depressive patients NSSI behavior, who were admitted to our hospital from December 2020 to February 2023, were selected as the subjects for this research. The single-group (65 cases) received treatment with oral sertraline hydrochloride tablets, while the combination group (65 cases) underwent repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in conjunction with sertraline. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was utilized to assess the depression status and cognitive function levels of both groups. Additionally, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to measure serum levels of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Furthermore, serum levels of neurotransmitters (norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) and neuro-cytokines (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)) were assessed. The clinical effects of the interventions on both groups were then evaluated. RESULTS Following the treatment, the combination group exhibited significantly higher levels of immediate memory, delayed memory, attention, visual function, and language function compared to the single group, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Additionally, the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and GFAP in the combination group were lower than those in the single group, while the levels of BDNF and NGF were higher in the combination group compared to the single group. These differences were also statistically significant (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, the total clinical effective rate in the combination group reached 95.38%, surpassing the 84.61% observed in the single group, and the disparity between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The combined use of rTMS and sertraline in treating patients with depressive disorder exhibiting NSSI behavior has proven to be effective in enhancing cognitive function, mitigating inflammatory responses, and elevating levels of neurotransmitters and nerve cytokines in the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Psychosomatic Ward, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, 430000 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Guan
- Early Intervention Ward 1, Wuhan Mental Health Centre, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, 430000 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Psychosomatic Ward, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, 430000 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Psychosomatic Ward, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, 430000 Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Yu K, Wang L, Lv S, Ye X, Liu L, Zheng X, Jin R, Zhou D, Zhang Y, Min G, Wu S. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy to study effects of virtual reality intervention for adolescents with depression in a clinical setting in China: study protocol for a prospective, randomised, controlled trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074129. [PMID: 38101854 PMCID: PMC10729192 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent depression has been shown to be associated with many devastating psychosocial outcomes. However, there are many barriers that may prevent depressed individuals from receiving specialised treatment. Virtual reality (VR) technology has shown promise as one avenue for overcoming these challenges. This study first aims to evaluate the effectiveness of VR intervention on adolescent depression symptoms, and second, to determine the intervention's underlying mechanism of effect using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a single-centre, prospective, randomised controlled clinical trial. Sixty-six eligible adolescents aged 12-18 years with a diagnosis of depression will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to either the VR treatment group or the conventional treatment group. All patients for both groups will receive usual treatment during a 4-week intervention period. In addition, patients randomised to VR treatment group (n=33) will complete three 20 min VR sessions including attention, executive function and relaxation training per week. Moreover, 33 healthy adolescents will be recruited as the general population. Primary outcome (ie, depressive symptoms) and secondary outcomes (ie, anxiety symptoms, executive function, treatment emergent symptoms, haemoglobin changes measured by fNIRS) will be collected at preintervention, immediately postintervention and at 4 weeks follow-up. The data assessor and analyst will be blinded to group membership. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of Lishui Second People's Hospital. Written informed consent will be obtained for all participants. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, national or international conference presentations, media outlets, the internet and various community activities. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2300067747.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunqiang Yu
- Department of Mental Rehabilitation, The Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Medical Research Centre for Psychiatric and Psychological Disorders, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
- Lishui Key Laboratory of Brain Health and Major Brain Diseases, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiqiao Lv
- Department of Mental Rehabilitation, The Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofang Ye
- Department of Mental Rehabilitation, The Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linhui Liu
- Psychological Counselling Center, The Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuxiu Zheng
- Lishui Key Laboratory of Brain Health and Major Brain Diseases, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
- Psychological Counselling Center, The Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruomei Jin
- Department of Mental Rehabilitation, The Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
- Lishui Key Laboratory of Brain Health and Major Brain Diseases, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- Department of Mental Rehabilitation, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Psychological Counselling Center, The Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoqing Min
- Department of Mental Rehabilitation, The Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
- Lishui Key Laboratory of Brain Health and Major Brain Diseases, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaochang Wu
- Department of Mental Rehabilitation, The Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Medical Research Centre for Psychiatric and Psychological Disorders, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
- Lishui Key Laboratory of Brain Health and Major Brain Diseases, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
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Sun CH, Mai JX, Shi ZM, Zheng W, Jiang WL, Li ZZ, Huang XB, Yang XH, Zheng W. Adjunctive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for adolescents with first-episode major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1200738. [PMID: 37593451 PMCID: PMC10428010 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1200738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was conducted to explore the therapeutic effects, tolerability and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as an adjunct treatment in adolescents with first-episode major depressive disorder (FE-MDD). Methods RCTs examining the efficacy, tolerability and safety of adjunctive rTMS for adolescents with FE-MDD were included. Data were extracted by three independent authors and synthesized using RevMan 5.3 software with a random effects model. Results A total of six RCTs involving 562 adolescents with FE-MDD were included. Adjunctive rTMS was superior in improving depressive symptoms over the control group [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.16, -0.84; I2 = 89%, p < 0.00001] in adolescents with FE-MDD. A sensitivity analysis and two subgroup analyses also confirmed the significant findings. Adolescents with FE-MDD treated with rTMS had significantly greater response [risk ratio (RR) = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.76; I2 = 56%, p = 0.03] and remission (RR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.77; I2 = 0%, p = 0.03) over the control group. All-cause discontinuations were similar between the two groups (RR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.32, 1.93; I2 = 0%, p = 0.60). No significant differences were found regarding adverse events, including headache, loss of appetite, dizziness and nausea (p = 0.14-0.82). Four out of six RCTs (66.7%), showed that adjunctive rTMS was more efficacious over the control group in improving neurocognitive function (all p < 0.05). Conclusion Adjunctive rTMS appears to be a beneficial strategy in improving depressive symptoms and neurocognitive function in adolescents with FE-MDD. Higher quality RCTs with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian-Xin Mai
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Ming Shi
- Chongqing Jiangbei Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Xiamen Xian Yue Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | | | - Ze-Zhi Li
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Bing Huang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Hu Yang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang Y, Ma Z, Lu S, Duan Z, Wilson A, Jia Y, Yang Y, Chen R. Associations between sex differences, eating disorder behaviors, physical and mental health, and self-harm among Chinese adolescents. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:30. [PMID: 36850005 PMCID: PMC9972801 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Eating Disorders (ED) result in impaired well-being, but there exist an insufficient number of studies that have focused on the influence of sex and sexual orientation disparities within ED behaviors. Thus, we aimed to investigate ED behaviors among male and female adolescents with different sexual orientations in a school sample to understand prevalence and correlates of different ED behaviors. METHOD Data was analysed from 11,440 Chinese school adolescents with a mean age of 14.74 years (SD = 1.46). Reported data was gathered on sociodemographic information including sexual orientation, ED behaviors, health factors (reported health, cognitive function), mental health factors (depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injurious behavior), and social functioning (school bully victimization, and school bully perpetration). Logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations with ED behaviors, using the heterosexual orientation as the reference group as they are the majority. RESULTS Compared to female adolescents, male adolescents reported lower anxiety symptoms (t = - 12.39, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = - 0.233), were more likely to be the perpetrator of school bullying (χ2 = 190.61, p < 0.001, φ = 0.129), and reported a lower likelihood of taking dietary restriction (χ2 = 290.08, p < 0.001, φ = 0.160). Overall, the prevalence of dietary restriction presented sex disparities. Adolescents who reported no sexual attraction were less likely to engage in ED behaviors. Using heterosexual orientation as the reference group, the group who reported no sexual attraction was associated with lower risk in dietary restriction and purging in both male and female adolescents. Using the heterosexual orientation as the reference group, female sexual minority groups were at high risk of ED behaviors, with bisexual orientation and gay/lesbian orientation having a higher likelihood of engaging in objective binge eating. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed significant sex and sexual orientation differences of ED behaviors. The study suggests that adolescents is a period of sexuality development and could be critical for understanding adolescents' eating behaviors. It is important to guide adolescents to healthy eating during their development and considerations should be made by clinicians when creating interventions for ED behaviors among the different sex and sexual orientation groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Ma
- Computational Communication Collaboratory, School of Journalism and Communication, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Su Lu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Zhizhou Duan
- Preventive Health Service, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, 152 Aiguo Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Amanda Wilson
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Yinwei Jia
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Runsen Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, No.30, Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China. .,Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Zheng W, Lan XJ, Qin ZJ, Yang XH, Shi ZM. Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for children and adolescents with first-episode and drug-naïve major depressive disorder: A systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1111754. [PMID: 36911139 PMCID: PMC10000294 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to explore the therapeutic effects and safety of active low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) versus sham LF-rTMS in children and adolescent patients with first-episode and drug-naïve (FEDN) major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS A systematic literature search was performed, and data were extracted by two independent researchers. The coprimary outcomes were study-defined response and remission. RESULTS A systematic search of the literature yielded 442 references, of which 3 RCTs (130 children and adolescents with FEDN MDD, 50.8% male, and mean age range from 14.5 to 17.5 years) met the inclusion criteria. Among the two RCTs (66.7%, 2/3) examining the effects of LF-rTMS on study-defined response and remission and cognitive function, active LF-rTMS was more efficacious than sham LF-rTMS in terms of study-defined response rate and cognitive function (all p < 0.05) but not regarding study-defined remission rate (all p > 0.05). No significant group differences were found with regard to adverse reactions. None of the included RCTs reported the dropout rate. CONCLUSION These findings preliminarily found that LF-rTMS could benefit children and adolescents with FEDN MDD in a relatively safe manner, although further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Jun Lan
- The Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, LiuZhou, China
| | - Zhen-Juan Qin
- The Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, LiuZhou, China
| | - Xin-Hu Yang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Ming Shi
- Chongqing Jiangbei Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
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