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Larvicidal Activity and Phytochemical Profiling of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Leaf Extract against Asian Tiger Mosquito (Aedes albopictus). HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Applying larvicides to interrupt a mosquito’s life cycle is an important strategy for vector control. This study was conducted to evaluate the larvicidal properties of the hexane extract of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.; family Lamiaceae) leaves against the wild strain of Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse). Third instar larvae (20 larvae/replicate, n = 3) were exposed to different concentrations of the extract (6.25–200 µg/mL), and the mortality rate was recorded. Probit analysis showed that the median lethal concentration and 95% lethal concentration of the extract were 16.0 (10.9–22.1) and 53.0 (34.6–136.8) µg/mL, respectively, after 24 h exposure. Only the fractions F3, F4, and F5 from the column chromatography displayed high mortality rates of 91.7–100% at 25.0 µg/mL after 24 h exposure. Subsequent column chromatography from the pooled fraction yielded two active subfractions, H-F345-S2 and H-F345-S3, with mortality rates of 100% and 98.3 ± 2.9%, respectively, at 12.5 µg/mL. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis unveiled that methyl chavicol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol, cedrelanol, methyl eugenol, 2,4,di-tert-butylphenol, and phytol were the major components in both subfractions with some of them being reported as larvicidal compounds. The results suggest that sweet basil has substantial larvicidal activity against Ae. albopictus mosquito and is a potential source of naturally derived larvicide.
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Song X, Sun P, Yuan J, Gong K, Li N, Meng F, Zhang Z, Li X, Hu J, Wang J, Yang Q, Jiao B, Nie F, Liu T, Chen W, Feng S, Pei Q, Yu T, Kang X, Zhao W, Cui C, Yu Y, Wu T, Shan L, Liu M, Qin Z, Lin H, Varshney RK, Li X, Paterson AH, Wang X. The celery genome sequence reveals sequential paleo-polyploidizations, karyotype evolution and resistance gene reduction in apiales. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:731-744. [PMID: 33095976 PMCID: PMC8051603 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Celery (Apium graveolens L. 2n = 2x = 22), a member of the Apiaceae family, is among the most important and globally grown vegetables. Here, we report a high-quality genome sequence assembly, anchored to 11 chromosomes, with total length of 3.33 Gb and N50 scaffold length of 289.78 Mb. Most (92.91%) of the genome is composed of repetitive sequences, with 62.12% of 31 326 annotated genes confined to the terminal 20% of chromosomes. Simultaneous bursts of shared long-terminal repeats (LTRs) in different Apiaceae plants suggest inter-specific exchanges. Two ancestral polyploidizations were inferred, one shared by Apiales taxa and the other confined to Apiaceae. We reconstructed 8 Apiales proto-chromosomes, inferring their evolutionary trajectories from the eudicot common ancestor to extant plants. Transcriptome sequencing in three tissues (roots, leaves and petioles), and varieties with different-coloured petioles, revealed 4 and 2 key genes in pathways regulating anthocyanin and coumarin biosynthesis, respectively. A remarkable paucity of NBS disease-resistant genes in celery (62) and other Apiales was explained by extensive loss and limited production of these genes during the last ~10 million years, raising questions about their biotic defence mechanisms and motivating research into effects of chemicals, for example coumarins, that give off distinctive odours. Celery genome sequencing and annotation facilitates further research into important gene functions and breeding, and comparative genomic analyses in Apiales.
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Mosquitocidal activity of twenty-eight plant essential oils and their binary mixtures against Culex quinquefasciatus, (Diptera: Culicidae). Heliyon 2021; 7:e06128. [PMID: 33665404 PMCID: PMC7903315 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquito control programme using synthetic insecticides has been facing the challenges of resistance development. However, synergistic combinations of plant essential oils (EOs) having different modes of actions and potent lethal toxicity may further negate the concern of resistance development. Methods In this study, the toxicity of 28 EOs and the two synthetic insecticides, Temephos and Malathion were evaluated individually and based on the performance, binary combinations of effective EOs were prepared and tested against the larval and adult stages of Culex quinquefasciatus. Mixtures were prepared by blending LC10 or LD10 concentration/doses of candidates at different volume ratios. Results Results demonstrated that among 155 numbers of combinations of different volume ratios, 1:1 ratio of A. sativum (bulbs) L.+C. paradisi (peels) Macfd. (AsB + CpP) was found to be the most potent against adults, whereas, 1:1 volume ratio of Allium sativum (bulbs)+ Citrus paradisi (leaves) (AsB + CpL) was found to possess highest activity against larvae after considering its dose and synergistic interaction. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of diallyl trisulfide, diallyl disulfide, beta-citronellol, ocimene as major constituents of AsB + CpP combination and diallyl disulfide, linalool, citronellal, caryophyllene oxide etc. in AsB + CpL combination. Conclusions Therefore, the said mixtures of the plant essential oils and or mixtures of the constituent compounds can be used as effective control agents for the control of the filarial vector, C. quinquefasciatus.
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Ali F, Chorsiya A, Anjum V, Khasimbi S, Ali A. A systematic review on phytochemicals for the treatment of dengue. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1782-1816. [PMID: 33118251 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever is prevalent in subtopic regions, producing mortality and morbidity worldwide, which have been of major concern to different governments and World Health Organization. The search of new anti-dengue agents from phytochemicals was assumed to be highly emergent in past. The phytochemicals have been used in wide distribution of vector ailments such as malaria. The demand of the phytochemicals is based on the medicines which are mostly considered to be safer, less harmful than synthetic drugs and nontoxic. This review mentions majorly about the phytochemicals potentially inhibiting dengue fever around the world. The phytochemicals have been isolated from different species, have potential for the treatment of dengue. Different crude extracts and essential oils obtained from different species showed a broad activity against different phytochemicals. The current studies showed that natural products represent a rich source of medicines toward the dengue fever. Furthermore, ethnobotanical surveys and laboratory investigation established identified natural plants species in the development of drug discovery to control the dengue fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraat Ali
- Department of Inspection and Licensing, Laboratory Services, Botswana Medicines Regulatory Authority, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Anushma Chorsiya
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Varisha Anjum
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shaik Khasimbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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de Souza MA, da Silva L, Dos Santos MAC, Macêdo MJF, Lacerda-Neto LJ, Coutinho HDM, de Oliveira LCC, Cunha FAB. Larvicidal Activity of Essential Oils Against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4092-4111. [PMID: 32767924 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200806100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Aedes aegypti is responsible for the transmission of arboviruses, which compromise public health. In the search for synthetic product alternatives, essential oils (OEs) have been highlighted by many researchers as natural insecticides. This systematic review (SR) was performed according to PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and its objective was to evaluate studies addressing OEs with larvicidal properties against Ae. aegypti, through electronic database searches (Pubmed, Science Direct and Scielo), covering an overview of the plant sources OEs, which plant parts were used, the extraction methods, analytical techniques, major and/or secondary constituents with greater percentages, as well as the LC50s responsible for larval mortality. Following study analysis, plants distributed across 32 families, 90 genera and 175 species were identified. The Lamiaceae, Myrtaceae, Piperaceae, Asteraceae, Rutaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Lauraceae families obtained the highest number of species with toxic properties against larvae from this vector. Practically all plant parts were found to be used for OE extraction. Hydrodistillation and steam distillation were the main extraction methods identified, with GC-MS/GC-FID representing the main analytical techniques used to reveal their chemical composition, especially of terpene compounds. In this context, OEs are promising alternatives for the investigation of natural, ecologically correct and biodegradable insecticides with the potential to be used in Ae. aegypti control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael A de Souza
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Larissa da Silva
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Maria A C Dos Santos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Márcia J F Macêdo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Luiz J Lacerda-Neto
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Henrique D M Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Lígia C C de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Francisco A B Cunha
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato (CE), Brazil
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Shoukat RF, Shakeel M, Rizvi SAH, Zafar J, Zhang Y, Freed S, Xu X, Jin F. Larvicidal, Ovicidal, Synergistic, and Repellent Activities of Sophora alopecuroides and Its Dominant Constituents Against Aedes albopictus. INSECTS 2020; 11:E246. [PMID: 32326460 PMCID: PMC7240748 DOI: 10.3390/insects11040246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, to combat insecticide resistance, we explored larvicidal, ovicidal, synergistic, and repellent activities of Sophora alopecuroides extract and its dominant constituents against Aedes albopictus. The results of the toxicity bioassays demonstrated that the extract of S. alopecuroides exerted significant larvicidal activity (16.66-86.66%) against the third-instar larvae of Ae. albopictus at different concentrations (5-50 ug/mL) and low hatchability of eggs (2.32-75%) at 5-50 ug/mL. The constituents of S. alopecuroides showed a synergistic effect when applied as a mixture (LC30 + LC30) against larvae, while no synergistic effect was observed against the eggs of Ae. albopictus. S. alopecuroides extract provided 93.11% repellency in the first 90 min and gradually decreased to 53.14% after 240 min, while the positive control DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) showed 94.18% in the first 90 min and 55.33% after 240 min. All of the results exhibited a concentration-dependent effect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a study has identified a highly effective extract of S. alopecuroides, which could be used as an alternative agent to control larvae and eggs and to repel adults of Ae. albopictus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Fartab Shoukat
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.F.S.); (M.S.); (S.A.H.R.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Muhammad Shakeel
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.F.S.); (M.S.); (S.A.H.R.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Syed Arif Hussain Rizvi
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.F.S.); (M.S.); (S.A.H.R.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Junaid Zafar
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.F.S.); (M.S.); (S.A.H.R.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.F.S.); (M.S.); (S.A.H.R.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Shoaib Freed
- Laboratory of Insect Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 66000, Pakistan;
| | - Xiaoxia Xu
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.F.S.); (M.S.); (S.A.H.R.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Fengliang Jin
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.F.S.); (M.S.); (S.A.H.R.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
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Osanloo M, Sedaghat MM, Sanei-Dehkordi A, Amani A. Plant-Derived Essential Oils; Their Larvicidal Properties and Potential Application for Control of Mosquito-Borne Diseases. Galen Med J 2019; 8:e1532. [PMID: 34466524 PMCID: PMC8344124 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v8i0.1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases are currently considered as important threats to human health in subtropical and tropical regions. Resistance to synthetic larvicides in different species of mosquitoes, as well as environmental pollution, are the most common adverse effects of excessive use of such agents. Plant-derived essential oils (EOs) with various chemical entities have a lower chance of developing resistance. So far, no proper classification based on lethal concentration at 50% (LC50) has been made for the larvicidal activity of EOs against different species of Aedes, Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes. To better understand the problem, a summary of the most common mosquito-borne diseases have been made. Related articles were gathered, and required information such as scientific name, used part(s) of plant, target species and LC50 values were extracted. 411 LC50 values were found about the larvicidal activity of EOs against different species of mosquitoes. Depending on the obtained results in each species, LC50 values were summarized as follows: 24 EOs with LC50 < 10 µg/mL, 149 EOs with LC50 in range of 10- 50 µg/mL, 143 EOs having LC50 within 50- 100 µg/mL and 95 EOs showing LC50 > 100 µg/mL. EOs of Callitris glaucophylla and Piper betle against Ae. aegypti, Tagetes minuta against An. gambiae, and Cananga odorata against Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. dirus having LC50 of ~ 1 µg/mL were potentially comparable to synthetic larvicides. It appears that these plants could be considered as candidates for botanical larvicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Osanloo
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Amir Amani
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Medical Biomaterials Research Center (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Correspondence to: Amir Amani, Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran Telephone Number: 00982143052130 Email Address:
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Chellappandian M, Thanigaivel A, Vasantha-Srinivasan P, Edwin ES, Ponsankar A, Selin-Rani S, Kalaivani K, Senthil-Nathan S, Benelli G. Toxicological effects of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. (Asteraceae) leaf essential oil against human disease vectors, Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti Linn., and impacts on a beneficial mosquito predator. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:10294-10306. [PMID: 28455566 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Use of environmentally friendly, decomposable natural products for effective vector control has gained considerable momentum in modern society. In this study, essential oil of Sphaeranthus indicus (Si-EO) was extracted and further phytochemical screening revealed fourteen compounds with prominent peak area percentage of 24.9 and 22.54% in 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and benzene,2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,4-dimethoxy, respectively. The Si-EO was further evaluated for their larvicidal response against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti at different dosages (62.5, 125, 250 and 500 ppm). The Si-EO displayed prominent larvicidal activity at higher concentration (500 ppm) against both species of mosquitoes. The LC50 and LC90 values of oils were observed at 130 and 350 ppm against C. quinquefasciatus larvae and at 140 and 350 ppm against A. aegypti larvae, respectively. Repellent bioassay established higher protection rate at 200 ppm up to 120 min against both the mosquitoes. However, adulticidal response displayed higher mortality rate only at 700 and 800 ppm against C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti, respectively. Toxicological screening against mosquito predator Toxorhynchites splendens revealed that the Si-EO was harmless even at the concentration of 1500 ppm. Overall, these results suggest that the Si-EO plays a significant role as a new bio-rational product against ecological burden mosquito vectors which provides an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthiah Chellappandian
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627412, India
| | - Annamalai Thanigaivel
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627412, India
| | - Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627412, India
| | - Edward-Sam Edwin
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627412, India
| | - Athirstam Ponsankar
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627412, India
| | - Selvaraj Selin-Rani
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627412, India
| | - Kandaswamy Kalaivani
- Post Graduate and Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Courtrallam, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627802, India
| | - Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627412, India.
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del 23 Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Oviposition Deterrent and Larvicidal and Pupaecidal Activity of Seven Essential Oils and their Major Components against Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae): Synergism-antagonism Effects. INSECTS 2018; 9:insects9010025. [PMID: 29443951 PMCID: PMC5872290 DOI: 10.3390/insects9010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The larvicidal activity of essential oils cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl), Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) cumin (Cuminum cyminum Linnaeus), clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry), laurel (Laurus nobilis Linnaeus), Mexican oregano (Lippia berlandieri Schauer) and anise (Pimpinella anisum Linnaeus)) and their major components are tested against larvae and pupae of Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Third instar larvae and pupae are used for determination of lethality and mortality. Essential oils with more than 90% mortality after a 30-min treatment are evaluated at different time intervals. Of the essential oils tested, anise and Mexican oregano are effective against larvae, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 4.7 and 6.5 µg/mL, respectively. Anise essential oil and t-anethole are effective against pupae, with LC50 values of 102 and 48.7 µg/mL, respectively. Oregano essential oil and carvacrol also have relevant activities. A kinetic analysis of the larvicidal activity, the oviposition deterrent effect and assays of the effects of the binary mixtures of chemical components are undertaken. Results show that anethole has synergistic effects with other constituents. This same effect is observed for carvacrol and thymol. Limonene shows antagonistic effect with β-pinene. The high larvicidal and pupaecidal activities of essential oils and its components demonstrate that they can be potential substitutes for chemical compounds used in mosquitoes control programs.
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Singh RK, Dhama K, Khandia R, Munjal A, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Chakraborty S, Malik YS, Bueno-Marí R. Prevention and Control Strategies to Counter Zika Virus, a Special Focus on Intervention Approaches against Vector Mosquitoes-Current Updates. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:87. [PMID: 29472902 PMCID: PMC5809424 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is the most recent intruder that acquired the status of global threat creating panic and frightening situation to public owing to its rapid spread, attaining higher virulence and causing complex clinical manifestations including microcephaly in newborns and Guillain Barré Syndrome. Alike other flaviviruses, the principal mode of ZIKV transmission is by mosquitoes. Advances in research have provided reliable diagnostics for detecting ZIKV infection, while several drug/therapeutic targets and vaccine candidates have been identified recently. Despite these progresses, currently there is neither any effective drug nor any vaccine available against ZIKV. Under such circumstances and to tackle the problem at large, control measures of which mosquito population control need to be strengthened following appropriate mechanical, chemical, biological and genetic control measures. Apart from this, several other known modes of ZIKV transmission which have gained importance in recent past such as intrauterine, sexual intercourse, and blood-borne spread need to be checked and kept under control by adopting appropriate precautions and utmost care during sexual intercourse, blood transfusion and organ transplantation. The virus inactivation by pasteurization, detergents, chemicals, and filtration can effectively reduce viral load in plasma-derived medicinal products. Added to this, strengthening of the surveillance and monitoring of ZIKV as well as avoiding travel to Zika infected areas would aid in keeping viral infection under check. Here, we discuss the salient advances in the prevention and control strategies to combat ZIKV with a focus on highlighting various intervention approaches against the vector mosquitoes of this viral pathogen along with presenting an overview regarding human intervention measures to counter other modes of ZIKV transmission and spread. Additionally, owing to the success of vaccines for a number of infections globally, a separate section dealing with advances in ZIKV vaccines and transmission blocking vaccines has also been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj K Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, India
| | - Yashpal S Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Rubén Bueno-Marí
- Laboratorios Lokímica, Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo (I+D), Valencia, Spain
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Al-Asmari AK, Athar MT, Kadasah SG. An Updated Phytopharmacological Review on Medicinal Plant of Arab Region: Apium graveolens Linn. Pharmacogn Rev 2017; 11:13-18. [PMID: 28503047 PMCID: PMC5414449 DOI: 10.4103/phrev.phrev_35_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apium graveolens Linn. (Karafs) is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of the various ailments. There is a need to explore and authenticate the pharmacological profile and medicinal importance of the Karafs. In this paper, the literature and the published work on Apium were collected using online resources “Google scholar”, “Web of science”, “Scopus” and “PubMed”. Each of the pharmacological activity was searched individually using the keywords “Apium/Karafs/Apium graveolens + individual pharmacological activity”. We documented the most cited and most recent literatures. The current findings illuminate the importance Karafs in the traditional medicine and their impact in treating various diseases. This review strongly supports the fact that the Apium has emerged as a good source of medicine in treating various diseases. There is also a need to isolate the bioactive phytochemicals present in this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Tanwir Athar
- Department of Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed G Kadasah
- Department of Psychiatry, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Govindarajan M, Benelli G. Eco-friendly larvicides from Indian plants: Effectiveness of lavandulyl acetate and bicyclogermacrene on malaria, dengue and Japanese encephalitis mosquito vectors. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 133:395-402. [PMID: 27504617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are a key threat for millions of people and animals worldwide, since they act as vectors for devastating pathogens and parasites, including malaria, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, filiariasis and Zika virus. Mosquito young instars are usually targeted using organophosphates, insect growth regulators and microbial agents. Indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets are also employed. However, these chemicals have negative effects on human health and the environment and induce resistance in a number of vectors. In this scenario, newer and safer tools have been recently implemented to enhance mosquito control. The concrete potential of screening plant species as sources of metabolites for entomological and parasitological purposes is worthy of attention, as recently elucidated by the Y. Tu's example. Here we investigated the toxicity of Heracleum sprengelianum (Apiaceae) leaf essential oil and its major compounds toward third instar larvae of the malaria vector Anopheles subpictus, the arbovirus vector Aedes albopictus and the Japanese encephalitis vector Culex tritaeniorhynchus. GC-MS analysis showed that EO major components were lavandulyl acetate (17.8%) and bicyclogermacrene (12.9%). The EO was toxic to A. subpictus, A. albopictus, and C. tritaeniorhynchus, with LC50 of 33.4, 37.5 and 40.9µg/ml, respectively. Lavandulyl acetate was more toxic to mosquito larvae if compared to bicyclogermacrene. Their LC50 were 4.17 and 10.3µg/ml for A. subpictus, 4.60 and 11.1µg/ml for A. albopictus, 5.11 and 12.5µg/ml for C. tritaeniorhynchus. Notably, the EO and its major compounds were safer to three non-target mosquito predators, Anisops bouvieri, Diplonychus indicus and Gambusia affinis, with LC50 ranging from 206 to 4219µg/ml. Overall, this study highlights that H. sprengelianum EO is a promising source of eco-friendly larvicides against three important mosquito vectors with moderate toxicity against non-target aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marimuthu Govindarajan
- Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Insect Behavior Group, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Singh RK, Dhama K, Malik YS, Ramakrishnan MA, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Saurabh S, Sachan S, Joshi SK. Zika virus – emergence, evolution, pathology, diagnosis, and control: current global scenario and future perspectives – a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2016; 36:150-75. [DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2016.1188333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Aedes aegypti Control Strategies in Brazil: Incorporation of New Technologies to Overcome the Persistence of Dengue Epidemics. INSECTS 2015; 6:576-94. [PMID: 26463204 PMCID: PMC4553499 DOI: 10.3390/insects6020576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is considered to be the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. The Aedes aegypti mosquito, its vector, is highly anthropophilic and is very well adapted to urban environments. Although several vaccine candidates are in advanced stages of development no licensed dengue vaccine is yet available. As a result, controlling the spread of dengue still requires that mosquitoes be targeted directly. We review the current methods of dengue vector control focusing on recent technical advances. We first examine the history of Brazil’s National Dengue Control Plan in effect since 2002, and we describe its establishment and operation. With the persistent recurrence of dengue epidemics, current strategies should be reassessed to bring to the forefront a discussion of the possible implementation of new technologies in Brazil’s mosquito control program.
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Bueno-Marí R, Almeida APG, Navarro JC. Editorial: Emerging Zoonoses: Eco-Epidemiology, Involved Mechanisms, and Public Health Implications. Front Public Health 2015; 3:157. [PMID: 26106592 PMCID: PMC4459090 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Bueno-Marí
- Entomology and Pest Control Laboratory, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology (ICBiBE), University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - A Paulo Gouveia Almeida
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal ; University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela , Caracas , Venezuela
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