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Perrey S, Quaresima V, Ferrari M. Muscle Oximetry in Sports Science: An Updated Systematic Review. Sports Med 2024; 54:975-996. [PMID: 38345731 PMCID: PMC11052892 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last 5 years since our last systematic review, a significant number of articles have been published on the technical aspects of muscle near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), the interpretation of the signals and the benefits of using the NIRS technique to measure the physiological status of muscles and to determine the workload of working muscles. OBJECTIVES Considering the consistent number of studies on the application of muscle oximetry in sports science published over the last 5 years, the objectives of this updated systematic review were to highlight the applications of muscle oximetry in the assessment of skeletal muscle oxidative performance in sports activities and to emphasize how this technology has been applied to exercise and training over the last 5 years. In addition, some recent instrumental developments will be briefly summarized. METHODS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines were followed in a systematic fashion to search, appraise and synthesize existing literature on this topic. Electronic databases such as Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed and SPORTDiscus were searched from March 2017 up to March 2023. Potential inclusions were screened against eligibility criteria relating to recreationally trained to elite athletes, with or without training programmes, who must have assessed physiological variables monitored by commercial oximeters or NIRS instrumentation. RESULTS Of the identified records, 191 studies regrouping 3435 participants, met the eligibility criteria. This systematic review highlighted a number of key findings in 37 domains of sport activities. Overall, NIRS information can be used as a meaningful marker of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and can become one of the primary monitoring tools in practice in conjunction with, or in comparison with, heart rate or mechanical power indices in diverse exercise contexts and across different types of training and interventions. CONCLUSIONS Although the feasibility and success of the use of muscle oximetry in sports science is well documented, there is still a need for further instrumental development to overcome current instrumental limitations. Longitudinal studies are urgently needed to strengthen the benefits of using muscle oximetry in sports science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Perrey
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, University of Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - Valentina Quaresima
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Chang Y, Liu X, Hurr C. Effect of 4-week intermittent hypoxic exercise training for repeated vertical jump performance in untrained males. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:213-221. [PMID: 37791831 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To be successful in sports, it is critical to maintain a high level of muscular power throughout a game. Physiological adaptations induced by hypoxic exercise training would provide benefits for fatigue-resisting ability during repeated explosive exercise. The aim of this study was to determine whether a 4-week intermittent hypoxic exercise training program is more effective in improving power endurance during repeated vertical jumps (VJs) when compared with a normoxic counterpart. METHODS Eighteen young adult males were divided into two training groups: 1) normoxic training group (NT, FiO2: 20.9%, N.=9); and 2) hypoxic training group (HT, FiO2: 13.7%, N.=9). For both NT and HT, participants performed three sessions per week for four weeks. Each session consisted of a 60-min exercise session including strength and power training. A repeated VJ (40 reps/set, 2 sets with 5 min rest given between them) was performed before and after the training (pretraining and post-training). RESULTS The HT group displayed an improvement in repeated VJ performance in a later phase of set 1 following the training (25-30 rep: pretraining 26.49±6.20 vs. post-training 30.55±5.37cm, P=0.0285; 30-35 rep: pretraining 25.08±5.29 vs. post-training 29.56±5.37cm, P=0.0064; 35-40 rep: pretraining 25.05±5.51 vs. post-training 29.28±5.71cm, P=0.0161). In set 2, repeated VJ performance in the later phase was also enhanced in HT following the training (P<0.05 for all). No changes in repeated VJ performance were seen in NT following the training (P>0.05 for all). Also, the HT group showed a trend towards a decrease in Fatigue Index in set 1 (pretraining 23.51±13.27 vs. Post 11.87±12.51%, P=0.1308) and set 2 (pretraining 29.11±13.66 vs. post-training 17.81±17.97%, P=0.1588) following the training. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic exercise training can be an effective training modality to improve fatigue-resisting ability during repeated explosive exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongling Chang
- Department of Physical Education, Integrative Exercise Physiology Laboratory, College of Education, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Institute of Physical Education, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Integrative Exercise Physiology Laboratory, College of Education, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Institute of Physical Education, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Chansol Hurr
- Department of Physical Education, Integrative Exercise Physiology Laboratory, College of Education, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea -
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3
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Yogev A, Arnold J, Nelson H, Clarke DC, Guenette JA, Sporer BC, Koehle MS. Comparing the reliability of muscle oxygen saturation with common performance and physiological markers across cycling exercise intensity. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1143393. [PMID: 37601168 PMCID: PMC10436610 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1143393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements of muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) demonstrated good test-retest reliability at rest. We hypothesized SmO2 measured with the Moxy monitor at the vastus lateralis (VL) would demonstrate good reliability across intensities. For relative reliability, SmO2 will be lower than volume of oxygen consumption (V̇O2) and heart rate (HR), higher than concentration of blood lactate accumulation ([BLa]) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). We aimed to estimate the reliability of SmO2 and common physiological measures across exercise intensities, as well as to quantify within-participant agreement between sessions. Methods Twenty-one trained cyclists completed two trials of an incremental multi-stage cycling test with 5 min constant workload steps starting at 1.0 watt per kg bodyweight (W·kg-1) and increasing by 0.5 W kg-1 per step, separated by 1 min passive recovery intervals until maximal task tolerance. SmO2, HR, V̇O2, [BLa], and RPE were recorded for each stage. Continuous measures were averaged over the final 60 s of each stage. Relative reliability at the lowest, median, and highest work stages was quantified as intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Absolute reliability and within-subject agreement were quantified as standard error of the measurement (SEM) and minimum detectable change (MDC). Results Comparisons between trials showed no significant differences within each exercise intensity for all outcome variables. ICC for SmO2 was 0.81-0.90 across exercise intensity. ICC for HR, V̇O2, [BLa], and RPE were 0.87-0.92, 0.73-0.97, 0.44-0.74, 0.29-0.70, respectively. SEM (95% CI) for SmO2 was 5 (3-7), 6 (4-9), and 7 (5-10)%, and MDC was 12%, 16%, and 18%. Discussion Our results demonstrate good-to-excellent test-retest reliability for SmO2 across intensity during an incremental multi-stage cycling test. V̇O2 and HR had excellent reliability, higher than SmO2. [BLa] and RPE had lower reliability than SmO2. Muscle oxygen saturation measured by wearable NIRS was found to have similar reliability to V̇O2 and HR, and higher than [BLa] and RPE across exercise intensity, suggesting that it is appropriate for everyday use as a non-invasive method of monitoring internal load alongside other metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Yogev
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, The University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jem Arnold
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, The University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hannah Nelson
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, The University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David C. Clarke
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Sports Analytics Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Jordan A. Guenette
- Deptartment of Physical Therapy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Research, The University of British Columbia and St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ben C. Sporer
- Department of Family Practice, Vancouver Whitecaps FC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Sport & Exercise Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael S. Koehle
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, The University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Sports Analytics Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Division of Sport & Exercise Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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4
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Karlas A, Fasoula NA, Katsouli N, Kallmayer M, Sieber S, Schmidt S, Liapis E, Halle M, Eckstein HH, Ntziachristos V. Skeletal muscle optoacoustics reveals patterns of circulatory function and oxygen metabolism during exercise. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 30:100468. [PMID: 36950518 PMCID: PMC10025091 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Imaging skeletal muscle function and metabolism, as reported by local hemodynamics and oxygen kinetics, can elucidate muscle performance, severity of an underlying disease or outcome of a treatment. Herein, we used multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) to image hemodynamics and oxygen kinetics within muscle during exercise. Four healthy volunteers underwent three different hand-grip exercise challenges (60s isometric, 120s intermittent isometric and 60s isotonic). During isometric contraction, MSOT showed a decrease of HbO2, Hb and total blood volume (TBV), followed by a prominent increase after the end of contraction. Corresponding hemodynamic behaviors were recorded during the intermittent isometric and isotonic exercises. A more detailed analysis of MSOT readouts revealed insights into arteriovenous oxygen differences and muscle oxygen consumption during all exercise schemes. These results demonstrate an excellent capability of visualizing both circulatory function and oxygen metabolism within skeletal muscle under exercise, with great potential implications for muscle research, including relevant disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Karlas
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolina-Alexia Fasoula
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikoletta Katsouli
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Kallmayer
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Sieber
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmidt
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Evangelos Liapis
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Halle
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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Dennis MC, Goods PSR, Binnie MJ, Girard O, Wallman KE, Dawson B, Billaut F, Peeling P. Increased air temperature during repeated-sprint training in hypoxia amplifies changes in muscle oxygenation without decreasing cycling performance. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:62-72. [PMID: 34743674 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.2003868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the acute performance and physiological responses, with specific reference to muscle oxygenation, to ambient air temperature manipulation during repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH). Thirteen male team-sport players completed one familiarisation and three experimental sessions at a simulated altitude of ∼3000 m (FIO2 0.144). Air temperatures utilised across the three experimental sessions were: 20°C, 35°C and 40°C (all 50% relative humidity). Participants performed 3 × 5 × 10-s maximal cycle sprints, with 20-s passive recovery between sprints, and 5 min active recovery between sets. There were no differences between conditions for cycling peak power, mean power, and total work (p>0.05). Peak core temperature (Tc) was not different between conditions (38.11 ± 0.36°C). Vastus lateralis muscle deoxygenation during exercise and reoxygenation during recovery was of greater magnitude in 35°C and 40°C than 20°C (p<0.001 for all). There was no condition × time interaction for Tc, skin temperature, pulse oxygen saturation, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion and thermal sensation (P>0.05). Exercise-induced increases in blood lactate concentration were higher in 35°C and 40°C than 20°C (p=0.010 and p=0.001, respectively). Integrating ambient temperatures up to 40°C into a typical RSH session had no detrimental effect on performance. Additionally, the augmented muscle oxygenation changes experienced during exercise and recovery in temperatures ≥35°C may indicate that the potency of RSH training is increased with additional heat. However, alterations to the training session may be required to generate a sufficient rise in Tc for heat training purposes.Highlights Heat exposure (35-40°C) did not affect mechanical performance during a typical RSH session. This indicates hot ambient temperature can be implemented during RSH, without negative consequence to training output.Hotter ambient conditions (35-40°C) likely result in greater muscle oxygenation changes during both exercise and recovery compared to temperate conditions.Although hotter sessions were perceived as more difficult and more thermally challenging, they did not further elevate Tc beyond that of temperate conditions. Accordingly, if intended to be used for heat acclimation purposes, alterations to the session may be required to increase heat load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles C Dennis
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,Department of Sport Science, Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, Australia
| | - Paul S R Goods
- Department of Sport Science, Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, Australia.,Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Martyn J Binnie
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,Department of Sport Science, Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, Australia
| | - Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Karen E Wallman
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Brian Dawson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | | | - Peter Peeling
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,Department of Sport Science, Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, Australia
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6
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Yogev A, Arnold J, Nelson H, Clarke DC, Guenette JA, Sporer BC, Koehle MS. The effect of severe intensity bouts on muscle oxygen saturation responses in trained cyclists. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1086227. [PMID: 36909360 PMCID: PMC9995910 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1086227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantifies muscle oxygenation (SmO2) during exercise. Muscle oxygenation response to self-paced, severe-intensity cycling remains unclear. Observing SmO2 can provide cycling professionals with the ability to assess muscular response, helping optimize decision-making. We aimed to describe the effect of self-paced severe intensity bouts on SmO2, measured noninvasively by a wearable NIRS sensor on the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle, and examine its reliability. We hypothesized a greater desaturation response with each bout, whereas, between trials, good reliability would be observed. Fourteen recreationally trained, and trained cyclists completed a ramp test to determine the power output (PO) at the respiratory compensation point (RCP). Athletes completed two subsequent visits of 50-minute sessions that included four severe-intensity bouts done at 5% above RCP PO. Muscle oxygenation in the VL was monitored using a wearable NIRS device. Measures included mean PO, heart-rate (HR), cadence, and SmO2 at bout onset, during work (work SmO2), and ΔSmO2. The bouts were compared using a one-way repeated measures ANOVA. For significant differences, a Fisher's least square difference post-hoc analysis was used. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used using trial and bout as main factors. Intraclass correlations (ICC) were used to quantify relative reliability for mean work, and standard error of the measurement (SEM) was used to quantify absolute agreement of mean work SmO2. Both PO and cadence showed no effect of bout or trial. Heart-rate at bout 2 (168 ± 8 bpm) and 4 (170 ± 7 bpm) were higher than bout 1 (160 ± 6 bpm). Onset SmO2 (%) response significantly increased in the final two bouts of the session. Mean work SmO2 increased across bouts, with the highest value displayed in bout 4 (36 ± 22%). ΔSmO2 showed a smaller desaturation response during bout 4 (27 ± 10%) compared to bout 3 (31 ± 10%). Mean work SmO2 ICC showed good reliability (ICC = 0.87), and SEM was 12% (CI 9-15%). We concluded that a non-invasive, affordable, wearable NIRS sensor demonstrated the heterogeneous muscle oxygenation response during severe intensity cycling bouts with good reliability in trained cyclists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Yogev
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, The University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jem Arnold
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, The University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hannah Nelson
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, The University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David C Clarke
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Sports Analytics Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Jordan A Guenette
- Deptartment of Physical Therapy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Research, The University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ben C Sporer
- Department of Family Practice, Vancouver Whitecaps FC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Sports Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael S Koehle
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, The University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Sports Analytics Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.,Division of Sports Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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7
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Paulauskas R, Nekriošius R, Dadelienė R, Sousa A, Figueira B. Muscle Oxygenation Measured with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Following Different Intermittent Training Protocols in a World-Class Kayaker-A Case Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8238. [PMID: 36365935 PMCID: PMC9653646 DOI: 10.3390/s22218238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Training elite kayakers at a distance of 1000 m is associated with aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, while intermittent training, in a variety of forms, is one of the effective ways to improve cardiorespiratory and metabolic function. Thus, this study aimed to investigate muscle oxygenation responses during repetition training (RT), interval training (IT), and sprint interval training (SIT). Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitors were placed on the latissimus dorsi (LD), pectoralis major (PM), and vastus lateralis (VL) of a world-class kayaker during their preparatory period. The intensity of work, relief, and recovery intervals were the independent variables that were manipulated using three different training protocols. The inferential analysis between intermittent training protocols showed significant differences for all variables except total the hemoglobin (tHb) index in LD during bout 2 (F = 2.83, p = 0.1, ηp2 = 0.205); bout 3 (F = 2.7, p = 0.125, ηp2 = 0.193); bout 4 (F = 1.8, p = 0.202, ηp2 = 0.141); and bout 6 (F = 1.1, p = 0.327, ηp2 = 0.092). During the rest bouts, all training protocols showed significant differences for all variables except muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) in the VL during bout 5 (F = 4.4, p = 0.053, ηp2 = 0.286) and tHb in VL during bout 1 (F = 2.28, p = 0.132, ηp2 = 0.172); bout 2 (F = 0.564, p = 0.561, ηp2 = 0.049); bout 3 (F = 1.752, p = 0.205, ηp2 = 0.137); bout 4 (F = 1.216, p = 0.301, ηp2 = 0.1); and bout 6 (F = 4.146, p = 0.053, ηp2 = 0.274). The comparison between IT protocols RT and SIT presented similar results. All variables presented higher values during SIT, except HR results. Finally, the comparison between IT and SIT showed significant differences in several variables, and a clear trend was identified. The results of this study suggest that the application of different intermittent exercise protocols promotes distinct and significant changes in the peripheral effect of muscle oxygenation in response to training stimuli and may be internal predictors of hemodynamic and metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rūtenis Paulauskas
- Educational Research Institute, Education Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, 44244 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ričardas Nekriošius
- Department of Applied Biology and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sport University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Dadelienė
- Institute of Health Science, Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ana Sousa
- Research Center for Sports, Exercise and Human Development, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center for Sports, Exercise and Human Development, University of Maia, ISMAI, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
| | - Bruno Figueira
- Educational Research Institute, Education Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, 44244 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Research Center for Sports, Exercise and Human Development, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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8
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Romagnoli C, Ditroilo M, Bonaiuto V, Annino G, Gatta G. Paddle propulsive force and power balance: a new approach to performance assessment in flatwater kayaking. Sports Biomech 2022:1-14. [PMID: 35968767 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2109505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the propulsive force (Fp) and its timing of application during the paddle stroke confirming the dynamic balance between propulsive and drag powers (Pp = Pd) in kayaking performance. Ten male sub-elite paddlers participated in the study. The athletes carried out three trials of 50 m at three different velocity ranges: 2.70 - 3.00 m/ s; 3.01 - 3.50 m/s and 3.51 - 4.00 m/ s. A constant velocity during each trial was maintained and the section between 15 and 40 m of the total pool length was considered for further analysis. Data were collected using the E-kayak system provided of an instrumented paddle and 2D video analysis. It was observed that the propulsive force increases in intensity (up to 90% of the peak force) as the velocity increases. The dynamic balance between Pd and Pp was confirmed with a Bland and Altman plot (estimated bias: 0.2; LoA: 12.8 and 13.3 W). The related comparisons between the power parameters showed no significant difference (p > 0.050) in each of the considered velocity. By applying the dynamic balance theory between Pp = Pd on the data obtained from the interaction among GPS, force on the paddle and 2D video analysis, it is possible to acquire essential information (Fp, Pp) to monitor the flatwater kayaking performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Romagnoli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Sport Engineering Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Ditroilo
- School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vincenzo Bonaiuto
- Sport Engineering Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Annino
- Department of Medicine Systems, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gatta
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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9
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Dennis MC, Goods PSR, Binnie MJ, Girard O, Wallman KE, Dawson B, Billaut F, Peeling P. Repeated-sprint training in heat and hypoxia: effect of exercise-to-rest ratio. Eur J Sport Sci 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35698899 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2085631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate acute performance and physiological responses to the manipulation of exercise-to-rest ratio (E:R) during repeated-sprint hypoxic training (RSH) in hot conditions. Twelve male team-sport players completed two experimental sessions at a simulated altitude of ∼3000 m (FIO2 0.144), air temperature of 40°C and relative humidity of 50%. Exercise involved either 3×5×10-s (E:R1:2) or 3×10×5-s (E:R1:4) maximal cycling sprints interspersed with active recoveries at 120W (20-s between sprints, 2.5 and 5-min between sets for E:R1:2 and E:R1:4 respectively). Sessions were matched for overall sprint and total session duration (47.5-min). Peak and mean power output, and total work were greater in E:R1:4 than E:R1:2 (p < 0.05). Peak core temperature was significantly higher in E:R1:4 than E:R1:2 (38.44 ± 0.33 vs. 38.20 ± 0.35°C, p = 0.028). Muscle deoxygenation magnitude during sprints was greater in E:R1:2 (28.2 ± 1.6 vs. 22.4 ± 4.6%, p < 0.001), while muscle reoxygenation did not differ between conditions (p > 0.05).These results indicate E:R1:4 increased mechanical power output and core temperature compared to E:R1:2. Both protocols had different effects on measures of muscle oxygenation, with E:R1:2 generating greater muscle oxygen extraction and E:R1:4 producing more muscle oxygenation flux, which are both important signals for peripheral adaptation. We conclude that the E:R manipulation during RSH in the heat might be used to target different physiological and performance outcomes, with these findings forming a strong base for future mechanistic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles C Dennis
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia, 6009.,Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia, 6010
| | - Paul S R Goods
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia, 6010.,Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, WA, Australia, 6150.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia, 6150
| | - Martyn J Binnie
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia, 6009.,Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia, 6010
| | - Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia, 6009
| | - Karen E Wallman
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia, 6009
| | - Brian Dawson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia, 6009
| | - Francois Billaut
- Department of Kinesiology, University Laval, Quebec, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - Peter Peeling
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia, 6009.,Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia, 6010
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10
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Rębiś K, Sadowska D, Starczewski M, Klusiewicz A. Usefulness of Portable Device to Establish Differences in Muscle Oxygenation Between the Wingate Test and Graded Exercise Test: Effect of Gender on Anaerobic and Aerobic Capacity in Speed Skaters. Front Physiol 2022; 13:809864. [PMID: 35350695 PMCID: PMC8957968 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.809864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the oxygenation response in the vastus lateralis muscle (SmO2) in two types of tests: supramaximal and maximal. Furthermore, gender differences in SmO2 response to test exercise were assessed and the usefulness of muscle oxygenation measurements in the assessment of anaerobic and aerobic capacity was determined. The Wingate test (WAnT) and the graded exercise test (GXT) to exhaustion were performed on a cycle ergometer to examine 13 female and 14 male speed skaters from the junior and U23 national teams. During both tests, SmO2 of the vastus lateralis muscle was recorded by near-infrared spectroscopy at baseline (at rest or post warm-up), at exercise, and during recovery. The most significant SmO2 indices (differences between baseline and post-exercise indices and half time for SmO2 to reach the maximal post-exercise value) were not significantly different between the tests. Gender was also not a differentiating factor in muscle oxygenation regardless of test type. In the GXT test, half time required for SmO2 to reach the maximal value correlated negatively with VO2max and test duration, thus confirming the usefulness of SmO2 measurements in the assessment of the aerobic capacity of speed skaters. In contrast, the WAnT test showed no significant correlations between exercise indices and muscle oxygenation indices. From the standpoint of the assessment of anaerobic capacity, SmO2 measurements showed little diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Rębiś
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Sadowska
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Starczewski
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Klusiewicz
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Perrey S. Muscle Oxygenation Unlocks the Secrets of Physiological Responses to Exercise: Time to Exploit it in the Training Monitoring. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:864825. [PMID: 35321522 PMCID: PMC8936169 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.864825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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12
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Paquette M, Bieuzen F, Billaut F. The effect of HIIT vs. SIT on muscle oxygenation in trained sprint kayakers. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2743-2759. [PMID: 34145486 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the performance change and physiological adaptations following nine sessions of short high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or sprint-interval training (SIT) in sprint kayakers. METHODS Twelve trained kayakers performed an incremental test and 3 time trials (200 m, 500 m and 1000 m) on a kayak ergometer. Oxygen consumption (V̇O2) and muscle oxygenation of the latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii, and vastus lateralis were measured. Athletes were then paired for sex and V̇O2max and randomized into a HIIT or a SIT training group, and performed nine training sessions before repeating the tests. RESULTS Training improved performance in HIIT (200 m: + 3.8 ± 3.1%, p = 0.06; 500 m: + 2.1 ± 4.1%, p = 0.056; 1000 m: + 3.0 ± 4.6%, p = 0.13) but changes in performance remained within the smallest worthwhile change in SIT (200 m: + 0.8 ± 4.1%, p = 0.59; 500 m: + 0.5 ± 4.1%, p = 0.87; 1000 m: + 1.3 ± 4.6%, p = 0.57). In the 1000 m, training led to a greater deoxygenation in the biceps brachii and vastus lateralis in HIIT, and in the latissimus dorsi in SIT. In HIIT, the best predictors of improvements in 1000 m performance were increases in latissimus dorsi and vastus lateralis maximal deoxygenation. CONCLUSION In a group of trained sprint kayakers, greater improvements in performance can be obtained with HIIT compared with SIT, for any distance. Training did not change V̇O2peak, but increased muscle maximal deoxygenation, suggesting both HIIT and SIT elicit peripheral adaptations. Performance improvement in the 1000 m was associated with increased maximal muscle deoxygenation, reinforcing the contribution of peripheral adaptations to performance in sprint kayaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Paquette
- Département de kinésiologie, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Institut National du Sport du Québec, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - François Billaut
- Département de kinésiologie, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.
- Institut National du Sport du Québec, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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13
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Goreham JA, Miller KB, Frayne RJ, Ladouceur M. Pacing strategies and relationships between speed and stroke parameters for elite sprint kayakers in single boats. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:2211-2218. [PMID: 34013844 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1927314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the pacing strategies of elite single-boat sprint kayakers, as well as the relationships between stroke parameters (stroke rate (SR) and stroke length (SL)) and kayak speed throughout the race. High-resolution split speed and stroke parameter data from men's (MK1) and women's (WK1) single-boat A- and B-finals in 2016-2017 international sprint kayak competitions were analysed. Correlation coefficients were calculated between SR-speed and SL-speed during each split for each race group. Athletes followed all-out, positive and seahorse-shaped pacing strategies for the 200 m, 500 m and 1000 m races, respectively. SL-speed had greater correlations during the first half of the MK1 200 m race, whereas SR-speed had greater correlations during the second half. SR-speed correlations were greater than SL-speed correlations throughout the final 150 m of WK1 200 m races. There were large and very large correlations between SR-speed at the end of both the WK1 500 m and MK1 1000 m race distances, respectively, despite following different pacing strategies. Single-boat pacing strategies change due to race distance during major international sprint kayak competitions, whereas the relationships between stroke parameters and speed change depending on athlete sex and the race distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Goreham
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kayla Bugeya Miller
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ryan J Frayne
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Michel Ladouceur
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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