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Strüven A, Brunner S, Weis G, Stremmel C, Teupser D, Schlichtiger J, Lackermair K. Impact of Preparticipating Hypohydration on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity in Ambitious Recreational Athletes. Nutrients 2023; 15:3333. [PMID: 37571272 PMCID: PMC10421152 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat induces a thermoregulatory strain that impairs cardiopulmonary exercise capacity. The aim of the current study is to elucidate the effect of isolated dehydration on cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in a model of preparticipating hypohydration. METHODS Healthy recreational athletes underwent a standardised fluid deprivation test. Hypohydration was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and laboratory testing of electrolytes and retention parameters in the blood and urine. The participants underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) with a cycle ramp protocol. Each participant served as their own control undergoing CPET in a hypohydrated [HYH] and euhydrated [EUH] state. RESULTS Fluid deprivation caused a mild (2%) but significant reduction of body water (38.6 [36.6; 40.7] vs. 39.4 [37.4; 41.5] %; p < 0.01) and an increase of urine osmolality (767 [694; 839] vs. 537 [445; 629] mosm/kg; p < 0.01). Hypohydration was without alterations of electrolytes, serum osmolality or hematocrit. The oxygen uptake was significantly lower after hypohydration (-4.8%; p = 0.02 at ventilatory threshold1; -2.0%; p < 0.01 at maximum power), with a corresponding decrease of minute ventilation (-4% at ventilatory threshold1; p = 0.01, -3.3% at maximum power; p < 0.01). The power output was lower in hypohydration (-6.8%; p < 0.01 at ventilatory threshold1; -2.2%; p = 0.01 at maximum power). CONCLUSION Isolated hypohydration causes impairment of workload as well as peak oxygen uptake in recreational athletes. Our findings might indicate an important role of hypohydration in the heat-induced reduction of exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Strüven
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Sports Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Brunner
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Sports Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Georges Weis
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Sports Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Stremmel
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Teupser
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Ludwig Maximilian University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jenny Schlichtiger
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Sports Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Korbinian Lackermair
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Sports Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336 Munich, Germany
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O'Donoghue LT, Murphy EG. Nondairy food applications of whey and milk permeates: Direct and indirect uses. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:2652-2677. [PMID: 37070222 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Permeates are generated in the dairy industry as byproducts from the production of high-protein products (e.g., whey or milk protein isolates and concentrates). Traditionally, permeate was disposed of as waste or used in animal feed, but with the recent move toward a "zero waste" economy, these streams are being recognized for their potential use as ingredients, or as raw materials for the production of value-added products. Permeates can be added directly into foods such as baked goods, meats, and soups, for use as sucrose or sodium replacers, or can be used in the production of prebiotic drinks or sports beverages. In-direct applications generally utilize the lactose present in permeate for the production of higher value lactose derivatives, such as lactic acid, or prebiotic carbohydrates such as lactulose. However, the impurities present, short shelf life, and difficulty handling these streams can present challenges for manufacturers and hinder the efficiency of downstream processes, especially compared to pure lactose solutions. In addition, the majority of these applications are still in the research stage and the economic feasibility of each application still needs to be investigated. This review will discuss the wide variety of nondairy, food-based applications of milk and whey permeates, with particular focus on the advantages and disadvantages associated with each application and the suitability of different permeate types (i.e., milk, acid, or sweet whey).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eoin G Murphy
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
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Muñoz-Urtubia N, Vega-Muñoz A, Estrada-Muñoz C, Salazar-Sepúlveda G, Contreras-Barraza N, Castillo D. Healthy Behavior and Sports Drinks: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2915. [PMID: 37447239 PMCID: PMC10346316 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article aims to systematically identify the relationship between sports drinks and healthy behavior. This systematic literature review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline criteria, and eligibility criteria were established using the PICOS tool (population, interventions, comparators, outcomes, and study) from about 1000 records of sports drinks articles identified in the various Web of Science Core Collection databases. The literature review stages determined a reduced set of 15 articles relating these drinkable supplements to healthy behavior. This study concludes that water consumption should be emphasized for non-athletes, sports drinks should be labeled to indicate water consumption and carry a warning label, and more randomized clinical trials should be considered to ensure conclusive results for health decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Vega-Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile
- Public Policy Observatory, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile
| | - Carla Estrada-Muñoz
- Departamento de Ergonomía, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
| | - Guido Salazar-Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Universidad de Las Américas, Concepción 4090940, Chile
| | | | - Dante Castillo
- Centro de Estudios e Investigación Enzo Faletto, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
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Habitual Total Drinking Fluid Intake Did Not Affect Plasma Hydration Biomarkers among Young Male Athletes in Beijing, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112311. [PMID: 35684112 PMCID: PMC9182946 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to explore the drinking patterns, and urinary and plasma hydration biomarkers of young adults with different levels of habitual total drinking fluid intake. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 111 young male athletes in Beijing, China. Total drinking fluids and water from food were assessed by a 7-day, 24-h fluid intake questionnaire and the duplicate portion method, respectively. The osmolality and electrolyte concentrations of the 24-h urine and fasting blood samples were tested. Differences in groups LD1 (low drinker), LD2, HD1, and HD2 (high drinker), divided according to the quartiles of total drinking fluids, were compared using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal−Wallis H-tests, and chi-squared tests. A total of 109 subjects completed the study. The HD2 group had greater amounts of TWI (total water intake) and higher and lower contributions of total drinking fluids and water from food to TWI, respectively, than the LD1, LD2, and HD1 groups (p < 0.05), but the amounts of water from food did not differ significantly among the four groups (all p > 0.05). Participants in the HD2 group had higher amounts of water than participants in the LD1, LD2, and HD1 groups (p < 0.05); SSBs were the second top contributor of total drinking fluids, ranging from 24.0% to 31.8%. The percentage of subjects in optimal hydration status increased from 11.8% in the LD1 group to 58.8% in the HD2 group (p < 0.05). The HD2 and HD1 groups had 212−227 higher volumes of urine than the LD1 and LD2 groups (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the plasma biomarkers (p > 0.05), with the exception of higher concentrations of K in the HD1 group than in the LD1 group (p < 0.05). Subjects with higher amounts of total drinking fluids had better hydration status than those with lower total drinking fluids, but not better drinking patterns. Habitual total drinking fluids did not affect the plasma biomarkers.
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