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Cohen JL, Cade WH, Harrah TC, Costello JP, Kaplan LD. The Surgical Management of NCAA Division 1 College Football Injuries Post COVID-19: A Single Institution Retrospective Review. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:906-911. [PMID: 38241463 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cohen, JL, Cade, WH, Harrah, TC, Costello II, JP, and Kaplan, LD. The surgical management of NCAA Division 1 college football injuries post COVID-19: A single institution retrospective review. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): 906-911, 2024-The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on college football operations, including athletes' training regimens. As a result of these changes, concern for increased injury susceptibility post COVID-19 regulations has become a point of discussion. The current study sought to evaluate the incidence of surgical injury among NCAA Division 1 college football players at the authors' institution during the first full season after start of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with previous years. Retrospective chart review was performed for all players who sustained injuries requiring surgery while a member of the NCAA Division 1 football program during the 2009-2021 seasons. A p -value of ≤0.05 was used to determine significance. A total of 23 surgical injuries occurred in 22 players during the 2021 season compared with 121 in 118 players in the 12 previous seasons combined ( p = 0.0178; RR = 1.47). There was a significant increase in shoulder injuries ( n = 13 vs. n = 31; p = <0.0001; RR = 3.05) and specifically a significant increase in labral tears ( n = 10 vs. n = 30; p = 0.0003; RR = 2.74). No difference was seen in knee injuries ( n = 10 vs. n = 77; p = 0.27; RR = 1.35) and specifically no difference in anterior cruciate ligament injuries ( n = 3 vs. n = 31; p = 0.77; RR = 1.17). This phenomenon is multifactorial in nature, but alterations to players' training and preparations because of the COVID-19 pandemic likely resulted in suboptimal conditioning, leading to the increased incidence of surgical injuries emphasizing the importance of adequate strength training and conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Cohen
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida; and
| | - William H Cade
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida; and
| | - Tanner C Harrah
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida; and
| | | | - Lee D Kaplan
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida; and
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Washif JA, Hettinga FJ, Ammar A, van Rensburg DCJ, Materne O, Trabelsi K, Romdhani M, Farooq A, Pyne DB, Chamari K. Supporting athletes during a challenging situation: recommendations from a global insight of COVID-19 home-based training experience. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:83. [PMID: 38622683 PMCID: PMC11017558 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For athletes, overcoming obstacles in challenging situations like pandemic home training is crucial. Strategies and approaches in this context are not well-documented. Our study aims to investigate such a scenario from a performance standpoint, based on a major global crisis: the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. METHODS This cross-sectional study surveyed athletes without disabilities using online questionnaires (35 languages) from May to July 2020. Questions included aspects of alternative routines, training monitoring, recovery, sleep patterns, injury occurrence/prevention based on structured answers, and an open-ended question on lockdown training experiences. RESULTS Of the 11,762 athletes from 142 countries, 63% were male, including at World-Class, International, National, State and Recreational levels. During lockdown, 25% athletes used innovative or modern ways to maintain or improve fitness e.g., virtual reality and tracking devices (favoring World-Class level, 30%). Many athletes, regardless of gender (43%) watched video competitions to improve/maintain their mental skills and performance [World-Class (47%) and International (51%)]. Contact frequency between athletes and their coaches was mainly at least once a week (36%), more among higher-level (World-Class/International) than lower-level athletes (27 vs. 16%). Higher-level athletes (≥ 54%) monitored training load and were assisted by their coaches (21%). During lockdown, stretching (67%) was considered one of the primary means of recovery, especially for higher-level athletes (> 70%). Compared to pre-lockdown, about two-thirds of athletes reported "normal" or "improved" sleep quality and quantity, suggesting a low sleep quality pre-lockdown. On average, 40% utilized injury prevention exercises (at least) once a week [World-Class (51%) and International (39%)]. Most injury occurrences during lockdown involved the knee (18%), ankle (16%), and back (9%). Four key themes emerged regarding lockdown experiences: remote training adaptation (e.g., shifting training focus), training creativity (e.g., using household items), performance enhancement opportunities (e.g., refocusing neglected aspects), and mental and motivation challenges. CONCLUSIONS Both male and female athletes, particularly those of higher levels, displayed some adaptalibity during the COVID-19 lockdown, employing innovative approaches and technology for training. Many athletes implemented load monitoring, recovery, and attentive of injury prevention, while optimizing their sleep quality and quantity. Athletes demonstrated their abilities to navigate challenges, and utilized different coping strategies in response to the lockdown's constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad Adrian Washif
- Sports Performance Division, Institut Sukan Negara Malaysia (National Sports Institute of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Florentina J Hettinga
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg- University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, LR19ES13, Sfax, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Dina Christa Janse van Rensburg
- Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Medical Board Member, World Netball, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, University of Sfax, LR19JS01, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Romdhani
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), Faculty of Sport Sciences, UPL, UFR STAPS, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Abdulaziz Farooq
- Research Department, Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - David B Pyne
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Karim Chamari
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, ISSEP Ksar Saïd, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
- Naufar Wellness and Recovery Center, Doha, Qatar
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Škomrlj J, Modrić T, Sekulić D, Bandalović A, Turić A, Bećir B, Veršić Š. Longitudinal analysis of the incidence rate of injury in elite youth football: Trends over six years including the COVID-19 pandemic period. Phys Ther Sport 2024; 66:85-92. [PMID: 38359730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to analyze injury trends and the possible effects of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on the incidence rates of injury in young elite football players. DESIGN A prospective cohort study design was adopted. PARTICIPANTS Our study included 832 male football players who suffered an injury during any of the six competitive seasons. SETTING An elite youth football academy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Descriptive data and the incidence of injury were calculated. A generalized linear mixed model was used to assess differences in the occurrence of injury among the various age groups. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze injury trends. RESULTS Joinpoint regression models showed a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of injury in all age groups with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of 13.9 (95 %Confidence Interval [CI]:-23.2 - 3.4) and -13.5 (95 %CI:-24.5 to -0.9) for models with zero and one joinpoint, respectively. Football players in older age groups sustain a higher number of injuries, probably due to a higher number of matches and greater training intensity. CONCLUSION This study showed a downward trend in injuries in the participants prior to the pandemic, with an evident increase in the incidence rate of injury during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakša Škomrlj
- HNK Hajduk Split, Split, 21000, Croatia; University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, 21000, Croatia.
| | - Toni Modrić
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, 21000, Croatia; High Performance Sport Center, Croatian Olympic Committee, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
| | - Damir Sekulić
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, 21000, Croatia; High Performance Sport Center, Croatian Olympic Committee, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
| | - Ante Bandalović
- HNK Hajduk Split, Split, 21000, Croatia; University Hospital Split, Surgery Clinic, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Ante Turić
- HNK Hajduk Split, Split, 21000, Croatia; University Hospital Split, Surgery Clinic, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | | | - Šime Veršić
- HNK Hajduk Split, Split, 21000, Croatia; University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, 21000, Croatia; High Performance Sport Center, Croatian Olympic Committee, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
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Wang CC, Huang YTA, Jiang RS, Liao CA, Kuo LW. Opposite effects of Covid-19 infection on pitchers and batters: a retrospective study on Chinese Professional Baseball League players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:1350-1357. [PMID: 37800400 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of COVID-19 infection on elite athletes remains largely unknown, especially on baseball players. The goal of this study is to examine the actual performance of infected elite baseball players from the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) from a sabermetric point of view. METHODS This was a retrospective observational cohort study. CPBL players who were infected with COVID-19 from April 27th to May 31st, 2022, were eligible for this study. The performance of study participants before and after COVID-19 infection was compared, and statistics from the batters and pitchers were analyzed separately. RESULTS During the study interval, 56 players were infected with COVID-19, including 35 batters and 21 pitchers. After excluding injured players and players with inadequate playing opportunities, 23 batters and 12 pitchers were enrolled. For batters, there were no significant differences before and after COVID-19 infection. However, batters older than 28 years of age showed a decline in slugging percentage (0.372 vs. 0.292, P=0.049). Analysis of pitchers revealed significantly boosted fastball velocity after COVID-19 infection (142.10 km/h vs. 142.82 km/h, P=0.028) and improved strikeouts per nine innings (6.89 vs. 8.56, P=0.021). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 might have a potential influence on professional baseball players. For batters, veteran players more than 28 years of age were more likely to be negatively affected by COVID-19, whereas the effect of COVID-19 on pitchers was generally positive, with significantly improved fastball velocity and K/9 numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Cheng Wang
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tung Anton Huang
- Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Shiang Jiang
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Liao
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Wei Kuo
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan City, Taiwan -
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Bruyère O, Martens G, Demonceau C, Urhausen A, Seil R, Leclerc S, Le Garrec S, Le Van P, Edouard P, Tscholl PM, Delvaux F, Toussaint JF, Kaux JF. Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination on Short-Term Perceived Change in Physical Performance among Elite Athletes: An International Survey. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040796. [PMID: 37112708 PMCID: PMC10144569 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccination raised concerns about its potential effects on physical performance. To assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the perceived change in physical performance, we conducted an online survey among elite athletes from Belgium, Canada, France and Luxembourg, with questions about socio-demographics, COVID-19 vaccination, perceived impact on physical performance and perceived pressure to get vaccinated. Full vaccination was defined as two doses of mRNA or vector vaccine or a heterologous vaccine scheme. Among 1106 eligible athletes contacted, 306 athletes answered the survey and were included in this study. Of these, 72% perceived no change in their physical performance, 4% an improvement and 24% a negative impact following full COVID-19 vaccination. For 82% of the included athletes, the duration of the negative vaccine reactions was ≤3 days. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, practicing an individual sport, a duration of vaccine reactions longer than 3 days, a high level of vaccine reaction and the perceived pressure to get vaccinated were independently associated with a perceived negative impact on physical performance of more than 3 days after the vaccination. The perceived pressure to get vaccinated appears to be a parameter associated with the negative perceived change in the physical performance and deserves further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Bruyère
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculo-Skeletal Health and Ageing, Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health, Economics, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Physical Medicine and Sport Traumatology Department, SportS2, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, FIMS Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, University and University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Martens
- Physical Medicine and Sport Traumatology Department, SportS2, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, FIMS Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, University and University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Réseau Francophone Olympique de la Recherche en Médecine du Sport (ReFORM) IOC Research Centre for Injury Prevention and Protection of Athlete Health, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Québec National Institute of Sports (INS Québec), Montréal, QC H1V 3N7, Canada
| | - Céline Demonceau
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculo-Skeletal Health and Ageing, Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health, Economics, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Axel Urhausen
- Réseau Francophone Olympique de la Recherche en Médecine du Sport (ReFORM) IOC Research Centre for Injury Prevention and Protection of Athlete Health, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Luxembourg Institute of Research in Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Science, 1460 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Clinique du Sport, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 1460 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Romain Seil
- Réseau Francophone Olympique de la Recherche en Médecine du Sport (ReFORM) IOC Research Centre for Injury Prevention and Protection of Athlete Health, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Luxembourg Institute of Research in Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Science, 1460 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Clinique du Sport, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 1460 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgey, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 1460 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Suzanne Leclerc
- Réseau Francophone Olympique de la Recherche en Médecine du Sport (ReFORM) IOC Research Centre for Injury Prevention and Protection of Athlete Health, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Québec National Institute of Sports (INS Québec), Montréal, QC H1V 3N7, Canada
| | - Sébastien Le Garrec
- Réseau Francophone Olympique de la Recherche en Médecine du Sport (ReFORM) IOC Research Centre for Injury Prevention and Protection of Athlete Health, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- National Institute of Sport, Expertise and Performance (INSEP), 75012 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Le Van
- Réseau Francophone Olympique de la Recherche en Médecine du Sport (ReFORM) IOC Research Centre for Injury Prevention and Protection of Athlete Health, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- National Institute of Sport, Expertise and Performance (INSEP), 75012 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Edouard
- Sports Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Université Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, EA 7424, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Philippe M Tscholl
- Réseau Francophone Olympique de la Recherche en Médecine du Sport (ReFORM) IOC Research Centre for Injury Prevention and Protection of Athlete Health, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Geneva University Hospitals, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François Delvaux
- Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Physical Medicine and Sport Traumatology Department, SportS2, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, FIMS Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, University and University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Réseau Francophone Olympique de la Recherche en Médecine du Sport (ReFORM) IOC Research Centre for Injury Prevention and Protection of Athlete Health, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Toussaint
- Réseau Francophone Olympique de la Recherche en Médecine du Sport (ReFORM) IOC Research Centre for Injury Prevention and Protection of Athlete Health, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- URP 7329-IRMES (Institute for Research in Medicine and Epidemiology of Sport), National Institute of Sport, Expertise and Performance (INSEP), 75012 Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Kaux
- Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Physical Medicine and Sport Traumatology Department, SportS2, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, FIMS Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, University and University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Réseau Francophone Olympique de la Recherche en Médecine du Sport (ReFORM) IOC Research Centre for Injury Prevention and Protection of Athlete Health, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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