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Fan L, Na J, Shi T, Liao Y. Hepatoblastoma: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Oncol 2025; 32:149. [PMID: 40136353 PMCID: PMC11941340 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol32030149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2025] [Revised: 02/23/2025] [Accepted: 03/02/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant liver tumor in children under five years of age. Although globally rare, it accounts for a large proportion of liver cancer in children and has poor survival rates in high-risk and metastatic cases. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic strategies of HB. Mutations in the CTNNB1 gene and the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway are essential genetic factors. Furthermore, genetic syndromes like Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) considerably heighten the risk of associated conditions. Additionally, epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and the influence of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are pivotal drivers of tumor development. Diagnostics include serum biomarkers, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and imaging techniques. Standard treatments are chemotherapy, surgical resection, and liver transplantation (LT). Emerging therapies like immunotherapy and targeted treatments offer hope against chemotherapy resistance. Future research will prioritize personalized medicine, novel biomarkers, and molecular-targeted therapies to improve survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (L.F.); (J.N.)
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Talent Highland of Major New Drugs Innovation and Development, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jintong Na
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (L.F.); (J.N.)
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Talent Highland of Major New Drugs Innovation and Development, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Tieliu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (L.F.); (J.N.)
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Talent Highland of Major New Drugs Innovation and Development, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science (MOE), School of Statistics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yuan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (L.F.); (J.N.)
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Talent Highland of Major New Drugs Innovation and Development, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Tan B, Yang C, Hu J, Xing H, Zhang M. Prediction of early recovery of graft function after living donor liver transplantation in children. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9472. [PMID: 38658800 PMCID: PMC11043388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
For end-stage liver disease in children, living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is often the important standard curative treatment. However, there is a lack of research on early recovery of graft function after pediatric LDLT. This is a single-center, ambispective cohort study. We collected the demographic and clinicopathological data of donors and recipients, and determined the risk factors of postoperative delayed recovery of hepatic function (DRHF) by univariate and multivariate Logistic analyses. 181 cases were included in the retrospective cohort and 50 cases in the prospective cohort. The incidence of DRHF after LDLT in children was 29.4%, and DRHF could well evaluate the early recovery of graft function after LDLT. Through Logistic analyses and AIC score, preoperative liver function of donors, ischemia duration level of the liver graft, Ln (Cr of recipients before operation) and Ln (TB of recipients on the 3rd day after operation) were predictive indicators for DRHF after LDLT in children. Using the above factors, we constructed a predictive model to evaluate the incidence of postoperative DRHF. Self-verification and prospective internal verification showed that this prediction model had good accuracy and clinical applicability. In conclusion, we pointed many risk factors for early delayed recovery of graft function after LDLT in children, and developed a visual and personalized predictive model for them, offering valuable insights for clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Jiqiang Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Huiwu Xing
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400000, China.
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Mingman Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400000, China.
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