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Lee S, Park S, Hong S, Kim S, Yoon J, Choi J. Comparison of computed tomography perfusion and magnetic resonance dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion-weighted imaging in canine brain. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1298215. [PMID: 38528871 PMCID: PMC10961344 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1298215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain perfusion allows for the evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics, particularly in brain infarcts and tumors. Computed tomography (CT) perfusion (CTP) provides reliable data; however, it has a limited scan field of view and radiation exposure. Magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion provides detailed imaging of small structures and a wide scan field of view. However, no study has compared CTP and MR perfusion and assessed the correlation between the perfusion parameters measured using CTP and MR perfusion. The aim of the present study was to assess the correlation and agreement of the cerebral perfusion derived from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)-MRI and CTP in dogs. In this crossover design study, the cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), mean transit time, and time to peak were measured in the temporal cerebral cortex, caudate nucleus, thalamus, piriform lobe, and hippocampus using CTP and DSC-MRI in six healthy beagle dogs and a dog with a pituitary tumor. On the color map of healthy beagles, blood vessels and the perivascular brain parenchyma appeared as red-green, indicating high perfusion, and the areas distant from the vessels appeared as green-blue, indicating low perfusion levels in CTP and DSC-MRI. CTP parameters were highest in the piriform lobe (CBF = 121.11 ± 12.78 mL/100 g/min and CBV = 8.70 ± 2.04 mL/100 g) and lowest in the thalamus (CBF = 63.75 ± 25.24 mL/100 g/min and CBV = 4.02 ± 0.55 mL/100 g). DSC-MRI parameters were also highest in the piriform lobe (CBF = 102.31 ± 14.73 mL/100 g/min and CBV = 3.17 ± 1.23 mL/100 g) and lowest in the thalamus (CBF = 37.73 ± 25.11 mL/100 g/min and CBV = 0.81 ± 0.44 mL/100 g) although there was no statistical correlation in the quantitative perfusion parameters between CTP and DSC-MRI. In a dog with a pituitary tumor, the color map of the tumor appeared as a red scale, indicating high perfusion and higher CBF and CBV on CTP (149 mL/100 g and 20 mL/100 g/min) and on DSC-MRI (116.3 mL/100 g and 15.32 mL/100 g/min) compared to those measured in healthy dogs. These findings indicate that DSC-MRI and CTP maps exhibit comparability and interchangeability in the assessment of canine brain perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jihye Choi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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An S, Hwang G, Noh SA, Lee HC, Hwang TS. Quantitative Analysis of Brain CT Perfusion in Healthy Beagle Dogs: A Pilot Study. Vet Sci 2023; 10:469. [PMID: 37505873 PMCID: PMC10385523 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain computed tomography (CT) perfusion is a technique that allows for the fast evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics. However, quantitative studies of brain CT perfusion in veterinary medicine are lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the normal range of perfusion determined via CT in brains of healthy dogs and to compare values between white matter and gray matter, differences in aging, and each hemisphere. Nine intact male beagle dogs were prospectively examined using dynamic CT scanning and post-processing for brain perfusion. Regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV), regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), mean transit time, and time to peak were calculated. Tissue ROIs were drawn in the gray matter and white matter of the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes; caudate nucleus; thalamus; piriform lobe; hippocampus; and cerebellum. Significant differences were observed between the white matter regions and gray matter regions for rCBV and rCBF (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were identified between hemispheres and between young and old groups in brain regions. The findings obtained in this study involving healthy beagle dogs might serve as a reference for regional CT perfusion values in specific brain regions. These results may aid in the characterization of various brain diseases in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyon An
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunha Hwang
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Ah Noh
- AniCom Medical Center, Animal Hospital, Seoul 04599, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chun Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sung Hwang
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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3
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Harada T, Kudo K, Kameda H, Sato R, Shirai T, Bito Y, Fujima N, Tsuneta S, Nogawa T, Maeda K, Hayashi H, Sasaki M. Phase I Randomized Trial of 17 O-Labeled Water: Safety and Feasibility Study of Indirect Proton MRI for the Evaluation of Cerebral Water Dynamics. J Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 56:1874-1882. [PMID: 35488509 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 17 O-labeled water (PSO17) is a contrast agent developed to measure brain water dynamics and cerebral blood flow. PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and feasibility of PSO17. STUDY TYPE Prospective study. SUBJECTS A total of 12 male healthy volunteers (23.1 ± 1.9 years) were assigned to three groups of four subjects: placebo (normal saline), PSO17 10%, and PSO17 20%. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Dynamic 3D fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR, fast spin echo with variable refocusing flip angle) scans of the brain were performed with 3-T MRI. ASSESSMENT Contrast agents were injected 5 minutes after the start of a 10-minute scan. Any symptoms, vital signs, and blood and urine tests were evaluated at five timepoints from preinjection to 4 days after. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis, including half-life (T1/2), maximum fraction (Cmax ), time-to-maximum fraction (Tmax ), and area under the curve (AUC), were collected at 13 timepoints from preinjection to 168 hours after. Regions of interest were set in the cerebral cortex (CC), basal ganglia/thalamus (BG/TM), and white matter (WM), and 17 O concentrations were calculated from signal changes and evaluated using Cmax . STATISTICAL TESTS All items were compared among the three groups using Tukey-Kramer's honestly significant difference test. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.5. RESULTS No safety issues were noted with the intravenous administration of PSO17. The T1/2 was approximately 160 hours, and the AUCs were 1.77 ± 0.10 and 3.75 ± 0.36 in the PSO17 10% and 20% groups, respectively. 17 O fractions calculated from MRI signals were higher in the PSO17 20% group than in the 10% and placebo groups. Significant differences were noted between all pairs of groups in the CC and BG/TM, and between PSO17 20% and both placebo and 10% groups in the WM. DATA CONCLUSION PSO17 might be considered safe as a contrast medium. Dynamic 3D-FLAIR might detect dose-dependent signal changes and estimate 17 O. EVIDENCE LEVEL 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Harada
- Department of Diagnostic imaging, Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Center for Cause of Death investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kudo
- Department of Diagnostic imaging, Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kameda
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Radiology, Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Innovative Technology Laboratory, Healthcare Business Unit, Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Shirai
- Innovative Technology Laboratory, Healthcare Business Unit, Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Bito
- Innovative Technology Laboratory, Healthcare Business Unit, Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Fujima
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satonori Tsuneta
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Nogawa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Maeda
- Hokkaido University, Hospital Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Research and Development Division, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hayashi
- Hokkaido University, Hospital Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Research and Development Division, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
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Kiviranta AM, Rusbridge C, Lappalainen AK, Junnila JJT, Jokinen TS. Persistent fontanelles in Chihuahuas. Part II: Association with craniocervical junction abnormalities, syringomyelia, and ventricular volume. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1848-1856. [PMID: 33939205 PMCID: PMC8295681 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persistent fontanelles (PFs) are, in Chihuahuas, almost ubiquitous. Furthermore, Chihuahuas are predisposed to other craniomorphological abnormalities, including syringomyelia (SM), ventriculomegaly, and craniocervical junction (CCJ) overcrowding resulting in neural tissue deviation. It is, however, undetermined if PFs are more common in dogs with these structural abnormalities, and their etiology is unknown. Hypothesis/Objectives Persistent fontanelles are more numerous and larger in Chihuahuas with low body weight, older age, SM, dilated fourth ventricle, ventriculomegaly, and CCJ overcrowding. Animals Fifty client‐owned Chihuahuas. Methods Cross‐sectional study evaluating the association of both the number of cranial sutures affected by PFs (NAS) and total fontanelle area (TFA), based on computed tomography with SM, fourth ventricle dilatation, lateral ventricle volume, and extent of neural tissue compression at the CCJ based on magnetic resonance images. Results The NASs was higher and TFA larger in dogs with low body weight (NAS: P = .007; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.384‐0.861; TFA: P = .002; 95% CI = −1.91 to −0.478), larger lateral ventricles (NAS: P ≤ .001; 95% CI = 1.04‐1.15; TFA: P ≤ .001; 95% CI = 0.099‐0.363), and more severe neural tissue compression at the CCJ (NAS: P ≤ .001; 95% CI = 1.26‐2.06; TFA: P = .03; 95% CI = 0.066‐1.13). Similarly, dogs with SM (NAS: P = .004; 95% CI = 1.26‐3.32; TFA: mean ± SD, 130 ± 217 mm2; P = .05) had higher NAS and larger TFA than did dogs without SM (43.7 ± 61.0 mm2). Age was not associated with NAS (P = .81; 95% CI = 0.989‐1.01) or TFA (P = .33; 95% CI = −0.269 to 0.092). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Persistent fontanelles are associated with small size, SM, ventriculomegaly, and CCJ overcrowding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Mariam Kiviranta
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clare Rusbridge
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom.,Fitzpatrick Referrals Halfway Lane, Eashing Godalming, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Anu K Lappalainen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tarja S Jokinen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Farke D, Kolecka M, Czerwik A, Wrzosek M, Schaub S, Kramer M, Failing K, Schmidt MJ. Prevalence of seizures in dogs and cats with idiopathic internal hydrocephalus and seizure prevalence after implantation of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1986-1992. [PMID: 32918850 PMCID: PMC7517859 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Seizures are considered a clinical sign in dogs with internal hydrocephalus but are not found in recent studies. Seizure prevalence due to ventricular enlargement and the prevalence of postoperative seizures in animals is not known. Objectives To determine seizure prevalence in dogs and cats with idiopathic internal hydrocephalus, to identify risk factors for seizure development, and to determine seizure prevalence in a 2‐year period after ventriculo‐peritoneal shunting (VPS). Animals Records and MRIs of 197 animals from 2001 to December 2019 were investigated. A total of 121 animals (98 dogs and 23 cats) were included in the study. Methods A retrospective multicenter case cohort study was conducted. Databases were searched for dogs and cats with internal hydrocephalus. MRI and CSF examinations were evaluated for signs of additional underlying disorders. Prevalence of seizures was estimated for animals showing only hydrocephalus internus. Risk factors were evaluated according to age, morphometric and morphological findings in the brain. All animals that underwent surgery were reexamined 2 years after surgery. Results One hundred twenty‐one animals (98 dogs and 23 cats) with internal hydrocephalus met the inclusion criteria. Seizure prevalence in dogs and cats with internal hydrocephalus was low (1.7%; <5.8% CI 95%). Seizures were not observed in the 2‐year period after surgery. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Seizure prevalence in dogs and cats diagnosed with hydrocephalus internus is low. Seizures in association with VPS do not seem to be a complication of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Farke
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Kolecka
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Adriana Czerwik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marcin Wrzosek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sebastian Schaub
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Kramer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Failing
- Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig-University-Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Jürgen Schmidt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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6
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Gunde E, Czeibert K, Gábor A, Szabó D, Kis A, Arany-Tóth A, Andics A, Gácsi M, Kubinyi E. Longitudinal Volumetric Assessment of Ventricular Enlargement in Pet Dogs Trained for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Studies. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7030127. [PMID: 32899680 PMCID: PMC7558420 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies suggest that clinically sound ventriculomegaly in dogs could be a preliminary form of the clinically significant hydrocephalus. We evaluated changes of ventricular volumes in awake functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) trained dogs with indirectly assessed cognitive abilities over time (thus avoiding the use of anaesthetics, which can alter the pressure). Our research question was whether ventricular enlargement developing over time would have any detrimental effect on staying still while being scanned; which can be extrapolated to the ability to pay attention and to exert inhibition. Methods: Seven healthy dogs, 2–8 years old at the baseline scan and 4 years older at rescan, participated in a rigorous and gradual training for staying motionless (<2 mm) in the magnetic resonance (MR) scanner without any sedation during 6 minute-long structural MR sequences. On T1 structural images, volumetric analyses of the lateral ventricles were completed by software guided semi-automated tissue-type segmentations performed with FMRIB Software Library (FSL, Analysis Group, Oxford, UK). Results and conclusion: We report significant enlargement for both ventricles (left: 47.46 %, right: 46.07 %) over time while dogs retained high levels of attention and inhibition. The results suggest that even considerable ventricular enlargement arising during normal aging does not necessarily reflect observable pathological changes in behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gunde
- Department and Clinic of Surgery and Ophthalmology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (E.G.); (A.A.-T.)
| | - Kálmán Czeibert
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.G.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Gábor
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.G.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
- MTA-ELTE (Hungarian Academy of Sciences–Eötvös Loránd University) ‘Lendūlet Neuroethology of Communication Research Group, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Szabó
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.G.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Anna Kis
- Psychobiology Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Attila Arany-Tóth
- Department and Clinic of Surgery and Ophthalmology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (E.G.); (A.A.-T.)
| | - Attila Andics
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.G.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
- MTA-ELTE (Hungarian Academy of Sciences–Eötvös Loránd University) ‘Lendūlet Neuroethology of Communication Research Group, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Gácsi
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.G.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
- MTA-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Kubinyi
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.G.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
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Lehner L, Czeibert K, Nagy G. Two different indications of ventriculoperitoneal and cystoperitoneal shunting in six dogs. Acta Vet Hung 2020; 68:95-104. [PMID: 32384064 DOI: 10.1556/004.2020.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study we described two different indications of ventriculo- and cystoperitoneal shunting (VPS, CPS) procedures in six dogs, including their clinical data and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. One dog had moderate and two dogs had severe congenital hydrocephalus, one was presented with intracranial pressure elevation due to meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) associated with congenital hydrocephalus, and two with quadrigeminal cysts (QC). VPS procedures were done in four and CPS in two dogs, using low-pressure valve systems. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 6 months and control MRI scans were also made. Significant improvement was detected in five cases during the short-term follow-up period (1 month) and in four cases in the medium-term follow-up (2-6 months). Major complications were found in two cases: one dog with acute-hypertensive hydrocephalus died one week after surgery, and in another case development of a chronic subdural haematoma and hygroma caused death 3 months after the surgery. Minor complications (e.g. subdural hygroma) were found in two cases. In cases of severe hydrocephalus or intracranial cysts, higher-pressure valve systems are recommended in order to prevent subdural hygroma. Transient postoperative clinical signs usually resolve within one week after the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Lehner
- 1FeliCaVet Veterinary Referrals Clinic and Hospital, Rétköz utca 16, Budapest, H-1118, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Czeibert
- 2Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ‘Eötvös Loránd’ University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nagy
- 3National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Alisauskaite N, Wang-Leandro A, Dennler M, Kantyka M, Ringer SK, Steffen F, Beckmann K. Conventional and functional magnetic resonance imaging features of late subacute cortical laminar necrosis in a dog. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1759-1765. [PMID: 31120629 PMCID: PMC6639491 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cortical laminar necrosis (CLN) is a consequence of severe hypoxic, ischemic, or hypoglycemic events. In humans, these cortical lesions show characteristic linear T1‐weighted (T1W) hyperintensity in the late subacute stage. Limited information reporting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in dogs affected by CLN is available. A 3‐year‐old Belgian Shepherd dog was referred 8 days after sudden onset of blindness after general anesthesia. Neurological examination showed central blindness and mild ataxia. Three‐Tesla MRI examination of the brain revealed bilateral asymmetrical areas of T2‐weighted hyperintensity within the occipital, parietal, temporal, and frontal cortex, involving gray and white matter. Furthermore, linear T1W‐hyperintense lesions were found in the cerebral cortex of the same areas and showed heterogeneous contrast enhancement. Perfusion‐weighted images revealed hyperperfusion in the affected regions. Lesions were compatible with subacute CLN with corresponding edema suspected to be secondary to anesthesia‐related brain hypoxia. Three‐Tesla MRI enabled identification of the laminar pattern of the cortical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neringa Alisauskaite
- Neurology Service, Department of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Wang-Leandro
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Dennler
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Kantyka
- Clinic for Anesthesia, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone K Ringer
- Clinic for Anesthesia, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Steffen
- Neurology Service, Department of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Beckmann
- Neurology Service, Department of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Schmidt MJ, Hartmann A, Farke D, Failling K, Kolecka M. Association between improvement of clinical signs and decrease of ventricular volume after ventriculoperitoneal shunting in dogs with internal hydrocephalus. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1368-1375. [PMID: 30957934 PMCID: PMC6524126 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the remaining questions in treating dogs with internal hydrocephalus is the association between the decrease of ventricular volume and re-expansion of cerebral parenchyma with clinical improvement. HYPOTHESIS A decrease in ventricular volume and re-expansion of brain tissue occur after ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS). Clinical improvement defined by resolution of ≥1 clinical signs is associated with decreased size of cerebral ventricles and that the extent of change in ventricular size is associated with clinical improvement. ANIMALS Forty-five client-owned dogs with newly diagnosed communicating internal hydrocephalus. METHODS Ventricular volume, brain volume, and clinical status of dogs that underwent VPS were measured before and 3 months after surgery. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the influence of decrease in ventricular size in addition to the covariates "age of the animal" and "duration of clinical signs before surgery" on improvement of clinical signs. RESULTS Decreased volume of cerebral ventricles was associated with resolution of ≥1 preoperative clinical sign (P < .003). The covariates "age of the animal" and "duration of clinical signs" were not associated with improvement of clinical signs. The percentage decrease in ventricular size was associated with resolution of ataxia (P = .008) and obtundation (P = .011). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The decrease in ventricular volume and increase in brain parenchyma after VPS are associated with improvement in clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Schmidt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Daniela Farke
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Failling
- Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig-University-Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Kolecka
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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