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Li S, Yuan Q, Zhang Y, Zhang H. The neutrophil extracellular trap-related gene FPR1 (formyl peptide receptor 1) as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target in osteosarcoma. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2025; 26:309. [PMID: 40165145 PMCID: PMC11956448 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-08231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) has been implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. Nevertheless, the role of the NET-related gene, formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1), in osteosarcoma (OS) remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance and biological function of FPR1 in OS. METHODS The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was employed to construct a NET-related prognostic model utilizing OS datasets from TARGET and GEO (GSE21257) databases. The scRNA-seq dataset GSE162454 was then used for verifying the role of NET-related model in OS at single-cell resolution. Next, survival analysis and multivariate cox regression analysis were performed to evaluate the prognostic value of FPR1 in OS patients. The CIBERSORT algorithm was conducted to evaluate the relationship between FPR1 levels and immune cell abundance. Subsequently, the biological role of FPR1 was explored through CCK-8, and transwell assays in OS cell lines. RESULTS A signature NET score, comprising four NET-related genes (TNFRSF10C, FPR1, BST1 and SELPLG), was constructed to predict the prognosis of OS. The survival outcomes for patients in high-NET score group were markedly worse than that in the low-NET score group. Meanwhile, at single cell resolution, OS cells progressively evolved into tumors with elevated NET scores. Furthermore, FPR1 levels were markedly reduced in OS cells when compared to normal osteoblast cells, and the overexpression of FPR1 notably suppressed OS cell viability, migration and invasion. Additionally, OS patients exhibiting high levels of FPR1 demonstrated a favorable overall survival. Moreover, these patients also had a higher proportion of M1 macrophages and a lower proportion of M0 macrophages. CONCLUSION Collectively, our study indicates that the NET-related gene FPR1 is closely related to tumor progression, prognosis and immune infiltration in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zibo Central Hospital, West Campus, Zhangdian District, Zibo, Shandong Province, 255036, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zhangdian District, Zibo, Shandong Province, 255036, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Hand & Foot Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong Province, 255036, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Department of Hand & Foot Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong Province, 255036, P.R. China.
- Department of Hand & Foot Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, No.54 Gongqingtuan West Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo, Shandong Province, 255036, P.R. China.
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Song D, Yin X, Che C. Distinct Gene Expression and Immune Features Between Different Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Related Osteosarcoma Subtypes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2025; 197:55-72. [PMID: 39096473 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-05021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
We sought to determine neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-related genes' potential value in improving the efficacy of diagnosis and identifying novel therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma. Data were obtained from TARGET, GEO, and CCLE database. Differentially expressed genes were identified between the subtypes based on NET-related genes. PPI network was constructed using STRING, following by ClueGO enrichment analysis. Infiltration of immune cells was calculated by ssGSEA. Risk Score model was built by LASSO Cox regression analysis. Western blot and qRT-PCR were applied to validate the expression of genes used in the model. We identified 19 NET-related genes with prognostic potential in osteosarcoma using univariate Cox regression analysis. Patients from TARGET were clustered into two subtypes with distinct prognosis and immune features. 381 DEGs were identified between the two NET subtypes. Risk Score based on BST1, SELPLG, FPR1 and TNFRSF10C was reliable to predict the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. The four genes expressed significantly lower in osteosarcoma than normal cells. Low Risk Score individuals only existed in C1 subtype with better prognosis. Osteosarcoma were clustered into two subtypes based on NET-related genes. Risk Score model constructed by four NET-related gene was able to independently predict the prognosis of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delei Song
- Department of West Hospital Orthopaedic Trauma, Zibo Central Hospital, No. 54 Gongqingtuan Road, Zibo, 255036, China
| | - Xuqing Yin
- Department of East Hospital Orthopaedic Trauma, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255036, China
| | - Chunqing Che
- Department of West Hospital Orthopaedic Trauma, Zibo Central Hospital, No. 54 Gongqingtuan Road, Zibo, 255036, China.
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Pan R, Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Wu Z, Liu J, Chen Z, Wang J, Zhang X, Wang H, Feng S, Zheng X. Identification of UNC5B as a novel aggressive biomarker for osteosarcoma based on basement membrane genes. Gene 2024; 930:148871. [PMID: 39154972 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with metastatic osteosarcoma is poor, and the variation of basement membrane genes (BMGs) is associated with cancer metastasis. However, the role of BMGs in osteosarcoma has been poorly studied. METHODS BMGs were collected and differentially expressed BMGs (DE-BMGs) were found through difference analysis. DE-BMGs were further screened by univariate Cox regression and Lasso regression analyses, and six key BMGs were identified and defined as basement membrane genes signatures (BMGS). Then, BMGS was used to construct the osteosarcoma BMGS risk score system, and the osteosarcoma patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on the median risk score. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and ESTIMATE scores were used to investigate the differences in immune infiltration between the two scoring groups. Additionally, we investigated whether UNC5B affects various features in tumors by bioinformatic analysis and whether UNC5B was involved in multiple biological functions of osteosarcoma cells by wound healing assay, transwell assay, and western blot. RESULTS The osteosarcoma BMGS risk score reliably predicts the risk of metastasis, patient prognosis, and immunity. UNC5B expression was elevated in osteosarcoma, and correlated with various characteristics such as immune infiltration, prognosis, and drug sensitivity. In vitro assays showed that UNC5B knockdown reduced osteosarcoma cells' capacity for migration and invasion, and EMT process. CONCLUSION A novel BMGS risk score system that can effectively predict the prognosis of osteosarcoma was developed and validated. The UNC5B gene in this system is one of the key aggressive biomarkers of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Pan
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability, The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Orthopedics and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability, The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Orthopedics and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Cheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zelin Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability, The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Orthopedics and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihang Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability, The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Orthopedics and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Psychology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinghao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huajun Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability, The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Orthopedics and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shanshan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Ministry of Science and Technology & Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, School of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xiaofei Zheng
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability, The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Orthopedics and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Chu J. Validation of the biological function and prognostic significance of AURKA in neuroblastoma. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0313939. [PMID: 39585848 PMCID: PMC11588284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 11/02/2024] [Indexed: 11/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, and the AURKA gene encodes a protein kinase involved in cell cycle regulation that plays an oncogenic role in a variety of human cancers. The aim of this study was to validate the biological function and prognostic significance of AURKA in NB using basic experiments and bioinformatics. METHODS Data obtained from Target and GEO databases were analyzed using various bioinformatic techniques. The expression of AURKA in 77 NB samples was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. The lentiviral RNA interference technique was employed to downregulate AURKA gene expression in NB cell lines. Additionally, cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry analysis were conducted to investigate the impact of AURKA expression on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. RESULTS A bioinformatic analysis showed that patients with NB in the AURKA-high-expression group had shorter OS (Overall Survival). Immune cell infiltration analysis showed that only activated CD4 T cell and type 2 T helper cell infiltration levels were higher in the AURKA-high-expression group than in the AURKA-low-expression group, with the infiltration levels of most other immune cells and cytokines lower in the high-expression group. Furthermore, the enhanced infiltration of activated CD4 T cells was associated with worse OS in patients with NB. IHC results showed that the AURKA expression was correlated with MYCN status and INSS stage. Log-rank test showed that pathological type, MYCN status, INSS stage, COG risk group, and AURKA expression was related to PFS (Progression-free survival) of NB patients, but COX regression analysis showed that none of the above factors were independently prognostic for PFS. In vitro, shRNA delivered via an AURKA-specific lentivirus significantly and consistently silenced endogenous AURKA expression in the human NB cell line SK-N-AS. This inhibited tumor cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and caused G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest. Moreover, western blot assay showed significant reductions in the levels of mTOR, p70S6K, and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in the AURKA-knockdown group. I found in subsequent experiments that NFYB can bind to the AURKA promoter and thus promote AURKA expression. CONCLUSIONS High-level AURKA expression in NB is associated with poor patient prognosis. Silencing AURKA inhibited tumor cell proliferation, induced tumor cell apoptosis, and led to cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Mechanistically, AURKA knockdown inhibited the phosphorylation and the activation of the mTOR1/p70S6K/4E-BP1 signaling pathway. In addition, AURKA was observed to regulate the infiltration levels of various immune cells in the NB tumor microenvironment, resulting in remodeling of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Ephraim R, Fraser S, Devereaux J, Stavely R, Feehan J, Eri R, Nurgali K, Apostolopoulos V. Differential Gene Expression of Checkpoint Markers and Cancer Markers in Mouse Models of Spontaneous Chronic Colitis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4793. [PMID: 37835487 PMCID: PMC10571700 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of checkpoint markers in cancer cells aids in immune escape. The identification of checkpoint markers and early cancer markers is of utmost importance to gain clarity regarding the relationship between colitis and progressive inflammation leading to cancer. Herein, the gene expression levels of checkpoint makers, cancer-related pathways, and cancer genes in colon tissues of mouse models of chronic colitis (Winnie and Winnie-Prolapse mice) using next-generation sequencing are determined. Winnie mice are a result of a Muc2 missense mutation. The identification of such genes and their subsequent expression and role at the protein level would enable novel markers for the early diagnosis of cancer in IBD patients. The differentially expressed genes in the colonic transcriptome were analysed based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway. The expression of several oncogenes is associated with the severity of IBD, with Winnie-Prolapse mice expressing a large number of key genes associated with development of cancer. This research presents a number of new targets to evaluate for the development of biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ephraim
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (R.E.); (S.F.); (J.D.); (J.F.); (K.N.)
| | - Sarah Fraser
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (R.E.); (S.F.); (J.D.); (J.F.); (K.N.)
| | - Jeannie Devereaux
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (R.E.); (S.F.); (J.D.); (J.F.); (K.N.)
| | - Rhian Stavely
- Pediatric Surgery Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Jack Feehan
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (R.E.); (S.F.); (J.D.); (J.F.); (K.N.)
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- STEM/School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (R.E.); (S.F.); (J.D.); (J.F.); (K.N.)
- Department of Medicine Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (R.E.); (S.F.); (J.D.); (J.F.); (K.N.)
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
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Liao Y, Zhang X, Tang J, Hu F, Li D, Song H, Chen J, Guo J, Li R, Lin Y, Xie L. ISG15 is a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma: a comprehensive analysis based on bioinformatics and in vitro experiments. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:817-833. [PMID: 36915723 PMCID: PMC10006750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of aberrant interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is connected with various human diseases, including cancer. ISG15 is involved in tumor formation and metastasis. However, its role in osteosarcoma is uncertain. METHODS ISG15 expression in pan-cancer from RNA Sequencing data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. The relationship between ISG15 expression and prognosis was assessed through TCGA clinical survival data. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) images of ISG15 were retrieved using the Human Protein Atlas to analyze the differences in selected normal and tumor tissues. Gene enrichment analysis and signaling pathway analysis were used to assess the potential role of ISG15 in sarcoma, and the correlation between ISG15 expressions and immune cell infiltration levels was estimated by immune infiltration analysis. The expression levels of ISG15 were assessed by qRT-PCR and IHC. Colony formation, wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to detect the effects of ISG15 on the biological behaviors of osteosarcoma cells. The correlation between ISG15 levels and CD8+/CD68+ cells was further examined by double-labeled immunofluorescence. The chemotactic effect of ISG15 on CD8+/CD68+ cells was demonstrated by chemotactic experiments and flow cytometry. RESULTS ISG15 was highly expressed in most cancers, while high ISG15 expression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival. Gene enrichment analysis in sarcoma suggested that antigen processing and presentation might be involved in the oncogenic mechanism of ISG15. Further immune infiltration analysis showed that high ISG15 expression might reflect the infiltration level of certain immune cells. Additionally, our verification showed that ISG15 was significantly related to the occurrence and metastasis of osteosarcoma, and knockdown of ISG15 significantly altered cell biological behavior, resulting in decreased proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities of osteosarcoma cells. The high expression of ISG15 in osteosarcoma tissue was associated with a high level of CD68+ immune cell infiltration while a low level of CD8+ T cell infiltration. CD68+ immune cells were recruited in vitro by overexpression of ISG15, which on the contrary could weaken the chemotaxis of CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSION High ISG15 expression is an inherent feature of osteosarcoma and triggers tumorigenesis and metastasis by regulating tumor immunogenicity. ISG15 is expected to be the target of osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedan Liao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center) Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Graduate School, Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xueqi Zhang
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiadai Tang
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fengdi Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center) Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dongqi Li
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center) Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongli Song
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Chen
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiangyan Guo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center) Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center) Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Graduate School, Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanping Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center) Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Graduate School, Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center) Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Zhou Y, Dai X, Lyu J, Li Y, Bao X, Deng F, Liu K, Cui L, Cheng L. Construction and validation of a novel prognostic model for thyroid cancer based on N7-methylguanosine modification-related lncRNAs. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31075. [PMID: 36281116 PMCID: PMC9592387 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To construct and verify a novel prognostic model for thyroid cancer (THCA) based on N7-methylguanosine modification-related lncRNAs (m7G-lncRNAs) and their association with immune cell infiltration. METHODS In this study, we identified m7G-lncRNAs using co-expression analysis and performed differential expression analysis of m7G-lncRNAs between groups. We then constructed a THCA prognostic model, performed survival analysis and risk assessment for the THCA prognostic model, and performed independent prognostic analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses to evaluate and validate the prognostic value of the model. Furthermore, analysis of the regulatory relationship between prognostic differentially expressed m7G-related lncRNAs (PDEm7G-lncRNAs) and mRNAs and correlation analysis of immune cells and risk scores in THCA patients were carried out. RESULTS We identified 29 N7-methylguanosine modification-related mRNAs and 116 differentially expressed m7G-related lncRNAs, including 87 downregulated and 29 upregulated lncRNAs. Next, we obtained 8 PDEm7G-lncRNAs. A final optimized model was constructed consisting of 5 PDEm7G-lncRNAs (DOCK9-DT, DPP4-DT, TMEM105, SMG7-AS1 and HMGA2-AS1). Six PDEm7G-lncRNAs (DOCK9-DT, DPP4-DT, HMGA2-AS1, LINC01976, MID1IP1-AS1, and SMG7-AS1) had positive regulatory relationships with 10 PDEm7G-mRNAs, while 2 PDEm7G-lncRNAs (LINC02026 and TMEM105) had negative regulatory relationships with 2 PDEm7G-mRNAs. Survival curves and risk assessment predicted the prognostic risk in both groups of patients with THCA. Forest maps and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate and validate the prognostic value of the model. Finally, we demonstrated a correlation between different immune cells and risk scores. CONCLUSION Our results will help identify high-risk or low-risk patients with THCA and facilitate early prediction and clinical intervention in patients with high risk and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuezhong Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianhong Lyu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yingyue Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xueyu Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liming Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- * Correspondence: Li Cheng, The Third People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, 292 Beijing Road, Guandu District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province 650011, China (e-mail: )
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