Reactivity of 2-thiohydantoins towards various electrophilic reagents: applications to the synthesis of new 2-ylidene-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-ones

Exploration of newly synthesized azo-thiohydantoins as the potential alkaline phosphatase inhibitors via advanced biochemical characterization and molecular modeling approaches

In the current study, Azo-Thiohydantoins derivatives were synthesized and characterized by using various spectroscopic techniques including FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, elemental and HRMS analysis. The compounds were evaluated for alkaline phosphatase activity and it was observed that among all the synthesized compounds, derivative 7e exhibited substantial inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.308 ± 0.065 µM), surpassing the standard inhibitor (L-Phenyl alanine, IC50 = 80.2 ± 1.1 µM). Along with this, these derivatives were comprehensively examined regarding the electronic properties and reactivity of the synthesized compounds using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, where the results were found very promising and the synthesized compound were found stable. After that, SwissADME evaluations highlighted compounds for their favorable physicochemical properties, including solubility and drug-likeness. Molecular docking exhibited the strong binding affinities of 7f and 7e derivatives with intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), further supported by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. This comprehensive integration of experimental and computational approaches sheds the light on the potential therapeutic applications of the synthesized compounds. By providing a detailed investigation of these aspects, this research opens the avenues for the development of novel pharmacologically active compounds with diverse applications.

One Pot Synthesis and Biological Activity Studies of New Spirooxindoles

This article reports one-pot synthesis of ten novel spirooxindoles using 5-methyl-2-thiohydantoin, isatin derivatives, and malononitrile in good to high yields (65-90 %). The structures of the synthesized compounds were deduced by 1H-NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, and Mass spectral data. The antibacterial activity of the compounds was evaluated against two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) based on the Kirby-Bauer method. According to the obtained data, the synthesized compounds show more activity against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. Also, the antioxidant activity of these compounds was measured using the DPPH radical scavenging test method, which showed good to excellent activity (59.65-94.03 %). Among them, the chlorinated derivatives (4 f-j) exhibited more antioxidant activity (84.85-94.03 %) than the other compounds (4 a-e) (56.65-74.4 %) and even ascorbic acid as a standard antioxidant compound (82.3 %).

Green synthesis of thioxoimidazolidine derivative ligand: Spectroscopic, thermal and biological assignments of new Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) chelates in neutral system

Eco-friendly synthesis of ethyl 3-(4-oxo-3-(1-(pyridin-3-yl)ethylideneamino)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-1-yl)propanoate (4) ligand (L) using microwave irradiation technique was described. The structure of thioxoimidazolidine derivative ligand compound has been established based on different types of analyses such as infrared, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectra as well as elemental analysis. The copper, cobalt, and nickel(II) complexes with molecular formula [M(L)(H2O)4]Cl2 (where M = Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II), L = thioxoimidazolidine derivative ligand), have been prepared and well-characterized using microanalytical, conductivity measurements, magnetic, spectroscopic, and physical analyses. Upon the outcome results of analyses, the stoichiometry of the synthesized complexes is 1:1 (M:L). The molar conductance values concluded that the behavior of metal complexes was electrolytes. The 3-(4-oxo-3-(1-(pyridin-3-yl)ethylideneamino)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-1-yl)propanoate chelate acts as a monovalent bidentate fashion via nitrogen and oxygen atoms of both thioxoimidazolidine and propanoate ester moieties. The geometric structures of the synthesized metal complexes are an octahedral configuration based on spectroscopic and magnetic moment studies. The thermogravimetric assignments deduced that the presence of four coordinated water molecules. The synthesized copper(II), cobalt(II), and nickel(II) complexes were biologically checked against G+ and G- bacteria and two species of fungi (Aspergillus Nigaer, and Penicillium Sp.).

Designed Synthesis of Diversely Substituted Hydantoins and Hydantoin-Based Hybrid Molecules: A Personal Account

Hydantoin and its analogues such as thiohydantoin and iminohydantoin have received substantial attention from both a chemical and a biological point of view. Several compounds of this class have shown useful pharmacological activities such as anticonvulsant, antitumor, antiarrhythmic, and herbicidal properties that have led, in some cases, to clinical applications. Because of these broad-spectrum activities, intensive research efforts have been dedicated in industry and academia to the synthesis and structural modifications of hydantoin and its derivatives. Realizing the importance of hydantoin in organic and medicinal chemistry, we also initiated a research program that successfully designed and developed new routes and methods for the formation of hydantoin, thiohydantoin, and iminohydantoin substituted at various positions, particularly at the N-1 position without following a protection–deprotection strategy. Because combinations of two or more pharmacophoric groups can lead to hybrid molecules that display a mixed mechanism of action on biological targets, we extended our developed strategy to the syntheses of new types of hydantoin-based hybrid molecules by combining hydantoin with a triazole, isoxazoline, or phosphate scaffold as a second pharmacophore to exploit their diverse biological functions.

1 Introduction

2 Chemistry and Properties

2.1 Physical Properties

2.2 Chemical Properties

2.3 Biological Properties

3 General Synthetic Methods

4 Synthesis of Diversely Substituted Hydantoins

5 Synthesis of Diversely Substituted Thiohydantoins

6 Synthesis of Diversely Substituted Iminohydantoins

7 Fused or Bicyclic (Thio)hydantoins

8 Di- or Multivalent (Thio)hydantoins

9 Hydantoin-Based Hybrid Molecules

9.1 Hydantoin–Isooxazoline Hybrids

9.2 Hydantoin–Triazole Hybrids

9.3 Hydantoin–Phosphate Hybrids: Phosphorylated Hydantoins

10 Summary and Outlook

Highly enantioselective addition of sulfur-containing heterocycles to isatin-derived ketimines

In this study, we report a highly stereoselective addition of sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds to isatin-derived ketimines efficiently catalyzed by cinchonidine-derived bifunctional tertiary aminothiourea (1 mol%).

1-Benzyl-3-aryl-2-thiohydantoin Derivatives as New Anti-Trypanosoma brucei Agents: SAR and in Vivo Efficacy

A high throughput screening and subsequent hit validation identified compound 1 as an inhibitor of Trypanosoma brucei parasite growth. Extensive structure–activity relationship optimization based on antiparasitic activity led to the highly potent compounds, 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3-(4-dimethylamino-3-chlorophenyl)-2-thiohydantoin (68) and 1-(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl)-3-(4-dimethylamino-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-thiohydantoin (76), with a T. brucei EC₅₀ of 3 and 2 nM, respectively. This represents >100-fold improvement in potency compared to compound 1. In vivo efficacy experiments of 68 and 76 in an acute mouse model of Human African Trypanosomiasis showed a 100% cure rate after 4 days of oral treatment at 50 mg/kg twice per day.

An Efficient One Pot Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel S-Alkylisothiosemicarbazone and Imidazolidinone Derivatives of Pyrazole Carbaldehyde

S-Alkylisothiosemicarbazone and imidazolidinone derivatives were synthesised from pyrazole 4-carbaldehyde in a one pot reaction. The synthesised compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass and elemental analysis. Most of the synthesised compounds showed antimicrobial activity against S. Aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginos, A. Niger and C. albicans.

A facile microwave assisted green chemical synthesis of novel piperidino 2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones and their in vitro microbiological evaluation

A series of novel hybrid heterocyclic compounds, 3-(3-alkyl-2,6-diarylpiperin-4-ylidene)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones were synthesised and a comparative study was also carried out under microwave irradiation. The synthesised compounds were characterised by their melting points, elemental analysis, MS, FT-IR, one-dimensional NMR (1H, D(2)O exchanged 1H and (13)C), two dimensional HOMOCOSY and NOESY spectroscopic data. All the synthesised title compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity against clinically isolated strains namely B. subtilis, M. luteus, S. typhii, S. paratyphii B, S. felxneri, P. vulgaris, A. niger, Mucor, Rhizopus and M. gypsuem and the results were discussed.

A simple synthesis of 2-thiohydantoins

2-Thiohydantoin derivatives are produced by heating a mixture of thiourea and an alpha-amino acid. The method described offers the advantages of simplicity, low cost, easy work-up and scalability.