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Bai L, Wu L, Zhang C, Liu Z, Ma L, Ni J, He D, Zhu M, Peng S, Liu X, Yu H, Lei Y, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wei G, Li Y. Replenishment of mitochondrial Na + and H + by ionophores potentiates cutaneous wound healing in diabetes. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101056. [PMID: 38660474 PMCID: PMC11039406 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a highly morbid complication in patients with diabetes mellitus, necessitating the development of innovative pharmaceuticals to address unmet medical needs. Sodium ion (Na+) is a well-established mediator for membrane potential and osmotic equilibrium. Recently, Na+ transporters have been identified as a functional regulator of regeneration. However, the role of Na+ in the intricate healing process of mammalian wounds remains elusive. Here, we found that the skin wounds in hyponatremic mice display a hard-to-heal phenotype. Na+ ionophores that were employed to increase intracellular Na+ content could facilitate keratinocyte proliferation and migration, and promote angiogenesis, exhibiting diverse biological activities. Among of them, monensin A emerges as a promising agent for accelerating the healing dynamics of skin wounds in diabetes. Mechanistically, the elevated mitochondrial Na+ decelerates inner mitochondrial membrane fluidity, instigating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is identified as a critical effector on the monensin A-induced improvement of wound healing. Concurrently, Na+ ionophores replenish H+ to the mitochondrial matrix, causing an enhancement of mitochondrial energy metabolism to support productive wound healing programs. Our study unfolds a new role of Na+, which is a pivotal determinant in wound healing. Furthermore, it directs a roadmap for developing Na+ ionophores as innovative pharmaceuticals for treating chronic dermal wounds in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linping Wu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Ni
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dezhen He
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingxuan Zhu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyong Peng
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huichuan Yu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhe Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanxin Luo
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Ahmed MG, Elwakeel EA, El-Zarkouny SZ, Al-Sagheer AA. Environmental impact of phytobiotic additives on greenhouse gas emission reduction, rumen fermentation manipulation, and performance in ruminants: an updated review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33664-5. [PMID: 38772996 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Ruminal fermentation is a natural process involving beneficial microorganisms that contribute to the production of valuable products and efficient nutrient conversion. However, it also leads to the emission of greenhouse gases, which have detrimental effects on the environment and animal productivity. Phytobiotic additives have emerged as a potential solution to these challenges, offering benefits in terms of rumen fermentation modulation, pollution reduction, and improved animal health and performance. This updated review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the specific benefits of phytobiotic additives in ruminant nutrition by summarizing existing studies. Phytobiotic additives, rich in secondary metabolites such as tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and essential oils, have demonstrated biological properties that positively influence rumen fermentation and enhance animal health and productivity. These additives contribute to environmental protection by effectively reducing nitrogen excretion and methane emissions from ruminants. Furthermore, they inhibit microbial respiration and nitrification in soil, thereby minimizing nitrous oxide emissions. In addition to their environmental impact, phytobiotic additives improve rumen manipulation, leading to increased ruminant productivity and improved quality of animal products. Their multifaceted properties, including anthelmintic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects, further contribute to the health and well-being of both animals and humans. The potential synergistic effects of combining phytobiotic additives with probiotics are also explored, highlighting the need for further research in this area. In conclusion, phytobiotic additives show great promise as sustainable and effective solutions for improving ruminant nutrition and addressing environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam G Ahmed
- Agriculture Research Center, Animal Production Research Institute, Nadi El-Said, Giza, 11622, Egypt
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Eman A Elwakeel
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Samir Z El-Zarkouny
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Adham A Al-Sagheer
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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Dellaqua JVT, Rigueiro ALN, Silvestre AM, Pereira MCS, Felizari LD, Demartini BL, Dias EFF, Silva LAF, Casali DM, Souza KLR, Souza JM, Millen DD. Impact of combined management strategies of monensin and virginiamycin in high energy diets on ruminal fermentation and nutrients utilization. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1325198. [PMID: 38605925 PMCID: PMC11008231 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1325198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Feed additives such as monensin (MON) and virginiamycin (VM) are commonly utilized in feedlot diets to enhance rumen fermentation. Nevertheless, the precise effects of combining MON and VM during specific feedlot periods and the advantages of this combination remain unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effects of withdrawal of MON when associated with VM during the adaptation and finishing periods on ruminal metabolism, feeding behavior, and nutrient digestibility in Nellore cattle. The experimental design was a 5 × 5 Latin square, where each period lasted 28 days. Five rumen-cannulated Nellore yearling bulls were used (414,86 ± 21,71 kg of body weight), which were assigned to five treatments: (1) MON during the entire feeding period; (2) VM during the entire feeding period; (3) MON + VM during the adaptation period and only VM during the finishing period 1 and 2; (4) MON + VM during the entire feeding period; (5) MON + VM during the adaptation and finishing period 1 and only VM during the finishing period 2. For the finishing period 1, animals fed T3 had improved potential degradability of dry matter (p = 0.02). Cattle fed T3 and T5 had the highest crude protein degradability when compared to animals receiving T2 (p = 0.01). Animals fed T2 and T3 had reduced the time (p < 0.01) and area under pH 6.2 (p = 0.02). Moreover, animals fed T4 had greater population of protozoa from the genus Diplodinium (p = 0.04) when compared to those from animals fed T2, T3 and T5. For the finishing period 2, animals fed T3 had greater starch degradability when compared to animals receiving T4 and T5 (p = 0.04). Animals fed T3, T4 and T5 had increased the duration of time in which pH was below 5.6 (p = 0.03). The area under the curve for ruminal pH 5.2 and pH 5.6 was higher for the animals fed T3 (p = 0.01), and the area under pH 6.2 was higher for the animals fed T3 and T5 (p < 0.01) when compared to animals receiving T2. There is no substantial improvement on the rumen fermentation parameters by the concurrent utilization of MON and VM molecules, where the higher starch and protein degradability did not improve the rumen fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V. T. Dellaqua
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - André L. N. Rigueiro
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Antonio M. Silvestre
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Murilo C. S. Pereira
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, Brazil
| | - Luana D. Felizari
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Breno L. Demartini
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Evandro F. F. Dias
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, Brazil
| | - Leandro A. F. Silva
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Daniel M. Casali
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Katia L. R. Souza
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Johnny M. Souza
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Danilo D. Millen
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Cooke RF, Eloy LR, Bosco SC, Lasmar PVF, de Simas JMC, Leiva T, de Medeiros SR. An updated meta-analysis of the anti-methanogenic effects of monensin in beef cattle. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae032. [PMID: 38595989 PMCID: PMC11003526 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Meta-analyses were performed to quantitatively summarize the effects of monensin on in vivo methane (CH4) production in beef cattle, and differentiate these outcomes according to dietary management, dose of monensin, and length of monensin supplementation. Data from 11 manuscripts describing 20 individual studies were used, and CH4 was converted to g/d when required. Studies were classified according to dose of monensin (mg/kg of diet dry matter), length of monensin supplementation prior to the last CH4 measurement, feeding management (ad libitum vs. limited-fed), and diet profile (high-forage or high-concentrate diets). Variance among studies were assessed using a χ² test of heterogeneity and calculated using I² statistics. The inclusion of monensin decreased (P < 0.01) CH4 production by 17.5 g/d when all studies were analyzed together. A moderate (P < 0.01) heterogeneity (I² = 55%) was detected for CH4 production estimates between studies; thus, meta-analyses were performed within classes. The reduction in CH4 differed (P < 0.01) according to dose of monensin, as it decreased (P < 0.01) by 25.6 g/d when the high recommended dose range was used (32 to 44 mg/kg), and tended to decrease (P ≤ 0.07) by 9.7 and 13.5 g/d when the moderate (≤31 mg/kg) and above recommended (≥45 mg/kg) doses were used, respectively. The reduction in CH4 also differed (P < 0.01) according to the length of monensin supplementation. Monensin decreased (P ≤ 0.05) CH4 production by 24.3 g/d when supplemented for <15 d, by 15.4 g/d when supplemented from 23 to 33 d, by 24.3 g/d when supplemented from 52 to 79 d, and tended to decrease (P = 0.06) CH4 production by 3.21 g/d when supplemented from 94 to 161 d. The reduction in CH4 did not differ (P = 0.37) according to diet profile, despite a 30% difference in reduction when monensin was added to high-forage (20.89 g/d) compared with high-concentrate diets (14.6 g/d). The reduction in CH4 tended to differ according to feeding management (P = 0.08), decreasing by 22.9 g/d (P < 0.01) when monensin was added to diets offered ad libitum, and by 11.5 g/d (P = 0.05) in limit-fed diets. Collectively, this study provides novel insights and further corroborates monensin as CH4 mitigation strategy in beef cattle operations. The most effective responses were observed during the first 79 d of monensin supplementation, and when monensin was included between 32 to 44 mg/kg of diet, was added to high-forage diets, and added to diets fed ad libitum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science - Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Lidiane R Eloy
- Analisa Soluções em Estatística, Porto Alegre, RS 90010-000, Brazil
| | - Sheila C Bosco
- Analisa Soluções em Estatística, Porto Alegre, RS 90010-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tiago Leiva
- Elanco Animal Health, São Paulo, SP 04703-002, Brazil
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Liu R, Shen Y, Ma H, Li Y, Lambo MT, Dai B, Shen W, Qu Y, Zhang Y. Silibinin reduces in vitro methane production by regulating the rumen microbiome and metabolites. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1225643. [PMID: 37680535 PMCID: PMC10481870 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1225643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study used Silibinin as an additive to conduct fermentation experiments, wherein its effects on rumen gas production, fermentation, metabolites, and microbiome were analyzed in vitro. The silibinin inclusion level were 0 g/L (control group), 0.075 g/L, 0.15 g/L, 0.30 g/L, and 0.60 g/L (experimental group). Fermentation parameters, total gas production, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2), and their percentages were determined. Further analysis of the rumen microbiome's relative abundance and α/β diversity was performed on the Illumina NovaSeq sequencing platform. Qualitative and quantitative metabolomics analyses were performed to analyze the differential metabolites and metabolic pathways based on non-targeted metabolomics. The result indicated that with an increasing dose of silibinin, there was a linear reduction in total gas production, CO2, CH4, H2 and their respective percentages, and the acetic acid to propionic acid ratio. Concurrent with a linear increase in pH, when silibinin was added at 0.15 g/L and above, the total volatile fatty acid concentration decreased, the acetic acid molar ratio decreased, the propionic acid molar ratio increased, and dry matter digestibility decreased. At the same time, the relative abundance of Prevotella, Isotricha, Ophryoscolex, unclassified_Rotifera, Methanosphaera, Orpinomyces, and Neocallimastix in the rumen decreased after adding 0.60 g/L of silibinin. Simultaneously, the relative abundance of Succiniclasticum, NK4A214_group, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, and unclassified_Lachnospiraceae increased, altering the rumen species composition, community, and structure. Furthermore, it upregulated the ruminal metabolites, such as 2-Phenylacetamide, Phlorizin, Dalspinin, N6-(1,2-Dicarboxyethyl)-AMP, 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydromethanopterin, Flavin mononucleotide adenine dinucleotide reduced form (FMNH), Pyridoxine 5'-phosphate, Silibinin, and Beta-D-Fructose 6-phosphate, affecting phenylalanine metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and folate biosynthesis pathways. In summary, adding silibinin can alter the rumen fermentation parameters and mitigate enteric methane production by regulating rumen microbiota and metabolites, which is important for developing novel rumen methane inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yueyu Shen
- Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Haokai Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Modinat Tolani Lambo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Baisheng Dai
- College of Electrical Engineering and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Weizheng Shen
- College of Electrical Engineering and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongli Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing, China
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Basmaeil SM, Suliman GM, Al Garadi MA, Al-Badwi MA, Abdelrahman MM, Al-Harbi FS, El-Waziry AM, Alhidary IA, Swelum AA. Effects of increasing levels of lasalocid supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemistry, ruminal fermentation profile, in vitro nutrient digestibility, and gas production of growing goats. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1181426. [PMID: 37377948 PMCID: PMC10291122 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1181426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lasalocid is a feed additive widely used in ruminant nutrition and plays a crucial role in improving livestock productivity, digestibility, immunity, and overall wellbeing. The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of lasalocid (LAS) supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemistry, ruminal fermentation profile, in vitro nutrient digestibility, and gas production of growing goats. Methods A total of 60 growing Aardi male goats with an average body weight of ~17.12 kg (3-month-old) were used for an 84-day trial. Animals were randomly divided into four treatment groups with 5 replicates of 3 goats each. All four groups were provided with a basal diet supplemented with lasalocid (LAS) at 0 (without supplementation; LAS0), 10 (LAS10), 20 (LAS20), or 30 (LAS30) ppm LAS/kg dry matter (DM). Feed intake was measured weekly, and goats were weighed every 2 weeks for an evaluation of the performance parameters. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of biochemical variables. In vitro nutrient digestibility and gas production were evaluated. Results and discussion The supplementation of LAS at level 30 ppm/kg DM increased (P < 0.05) the body weight gain and average daily gain without linear or quadratic effect. The serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the LAS20 group than in other groups with linear and quadratic effects, while low-density lipoprotein concentration was significantly lower in the LAS20 group than in LAS0 and LAS30 with a linear effect. Different levels of lasalocid supplementation had no effect on the ruminal fermentation profile, in vitro gas production, and nutrient digestibility. In conclusion, the addition of LAS (20-30 ppm/kg DM) to the goat's diet can improve the growth performance and lipoprotein profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid M. Basmaeil
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamaleldin M. Suliman
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged A. Al Garadi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Badwi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mutassim M. Abdelrahman
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad S. Al-Harbi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. El-Waziry
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A. Alhidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman A. Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Weinert-Nelson JR, Ely DG, Flythe MD, Hamilton TA, May JB, Ferrell JL, Hamilton MC, LeeAnn Jacks W, Davis BE. Red clover supplementation modifies rumen fermentation and promotes feed efficiency in ram lambs. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad036. [PMID: 36751104 PMCID: PMC9994598 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Red clover produces isoflavones, including biochanin A, which have been shown to have microbiological effects on the rumen while also promoting growth in beef cattle. The objective was to determine if supplementation of biochanin A via red clover hay would produce similar effects on the rumen microbiota and improve growth performance of lambs. Twenty-four individually-housed Polypay ram lambs (initial age: 114 ± 1 d; initial weight: 38.1 ± 0.59 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets (85:15 concentrate:roughage ratio; N = 8 rams/treatment): CON-control diet in which the roughage component (15.0%, w/w, of the total diet) consisted of orchardgrass hay; 7.5-RC-red clover hay substituted for half (7.5%, w/w, of the total diet) of the roughage component; and 15-RC-the entire roughage component (15.0%, w/w, of the total diet) consisted of red clover hay. Feed intake and weight gain were measured at 14-d intervals for the duration of the 56-d trial, and rumen microbiological measures were assessed on days 0, 28, and 56. Red clover supplementation impacted growth performance of ram lambs. Average daily gains (ADG) were greater in ram lambs supplemented with red clover hay (7.5-RC and 15-RC) than for those fed the CON diet (P < 0.05). Conversely, dry matter intake (DMI) was lower in 7.5-RC and 15-RC than for CON lambs (P = 0.03). Differences in ADG and DMI resulted in greater feed efficiency in ram lambs supplemented with red clover hay (both 7.5-RC and 15-RC) compared to CON (P < 0.01). Rumen microbiota were also altered by red clover supplementation. The total viable number of hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria in 7.5-RC and 15-RC decreased over the course of the experiment and were lower than CON by day 28 (P ≤ 0.04). Amylolytic bacteria were also lower in 15-RC than in CON (P = 0.03), with a trend for lower amylolytic bacteria in 7.5-RC (P = 0.08). In contrast, there was tendency for greater cellulolytic bacteria in red clover supplemented lambs than in CON (P = 0.06). Red clover supplementation also increased fiber utilization, with greater ex vivo dry matter digestibility of hay for both 7.5-RC and 15-RC compared to CON by day 28 (P < 0.03). Results of this study indicate that low levels of red clover hay can elicit production benefits in high-concentrate lamb finishing systems through alteration of the rumen microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Weinert-Nelson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Donald G Ely
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Michael D Flythe
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Tracy A Hamilton
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - John B May
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Jessica L Ferrell
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Matthew C Hamilton
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Whitney LeeAnn Jacks
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Brittany E Davis
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Santos Torres RDN, Coelho LM, Ghedini CP, Neto ORM, Chardulo LAL, Torrecilhas JA, de Lima Valença R, Baldassini WA, Almeida MTC. Potential of Nutritional Strategies to Reduce Enteric Methane Emission in Feedlot Sheep: A Meta-analysis and Multivariate Analysis. Small Rumin Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2023.106919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Mackey SJ, Cooke RF, Pickett AT, Batista LFD, Mendes EDM, Rincker MJ, Colombo EA. Inclusion of Yucca schidigera extract into finishing diets: impacts on ruminal, physiological, and productive responses of feedlot cattle. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad071. [PMID: 37435479 PMCID: PMC10332497 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment compared ruminal, physiological, and productive responses of feedlot cattle receiving Yucca schidigera extract to replace or fed in conjunction with monensin + tylosin. Angus-influenced steers (n = 120) were ranked by body weight (BW; 315 ± 3 kg) and allocated to 4 groups of 30 steers each. Groups were housed in 1 of 4 drylot pens (30 × 12 m) equipped with GrowSafe feeding systems (4 bunks/pen) during the experiment (day -14 to slaughter). On day 0, groups were randomly assigned to receive a diet containing (2 × 2 factorial): 1) no inclusion or inclusion of monensin + tylosin (360 mg and 90 mg/steer daily, respectively) and 2) no inclusion or inclusion of Y. schidigera extract (4 g/steer daily). Steers were slaughtered in 3 groups balanced by treatment combination (36 steers on day 114, 36 steers on day 142, and 48 steers on day 169). Blood was sampled on days 0, 28, 56, and 84, and the day before shipping to slaughter. On day 41, eight rumen-cannulated heifers (BW = 590 ± 15 kg) were housed with steers (1 pair/pen). Pairs rotated among groups every 21 d, resulting in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square (n = 8/treatment combination) with 14-d washout intervals. Heifers were sampled for blood and rumen fluid at the beginning and end of each 21-d period. Monensin + tylosin inclusion decreased (P < 0.01) feed intake and improved (P = 0.02) feed efficiency of steers, but did not alter (P ≥ 0.17) steer BW gain or carcass merit traits. Inclusion of Y. schidigera extract did not impact (P ≥ 0.30) steer performance and carcass characteristics. Plasma glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, and urea-N concentrations were not affected (P ≥ 0.16) by monensin + tylosin, nor by Y. schidigera extract inclusion in steers and heifers. Ruminal pH in heifers was increased (P = 0.04) by monensin + tylosin, and also by (P = 0.03) Y. schidigera extract inclusion. Rumen fluid viscosity was reduced (P = 0.04) by Y. schidigera extract, and rumen protozoa count was increased (P < 0.01) by monensin + tylosin inclusion. The proportion of propionate in the ruminal fluid was increased (P = 0.04) by monensin + tylosin, and tended (P = 0.07) to be increased by Y. schidigera extract inclusion. Hence, Y. schidigera extract yielded similar improvements in rumen fermentation compared with monensin + tylosin, but without increasing performance and carcass quality of finishing cattle. No complimentary effects were observed when combining all these additives into the finishing diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shea J Mackey
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | | | - Autumn T Pickett
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Luis F D Batista
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Egleu D M Mendes
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | | | - Eduardo A Colombo
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
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10
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Paixão TR, de Almeida VVS, Oliveira AC, da Silva APG, Silva JWD, Santos LV, de Lima Júnior DM, Silva RR. Intake, digestibility, ruminal parameters, and performance in lamb fed with increasing levels of red propolis extract. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:364. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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El-Zaiat HM, Elshafie EI, Al-Marzooqi W, Dughaishi KA. Effects of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Powder Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation, Feed Intake, Apparent Digestibility and Performance in Omani Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36428374 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of the dietary addition of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder (NLP) when compared to monensin (MON) on ruminal fermentation, feed intake, digestibility, and performance of growing lambs. Eighteen Omani lambs (22.8 ± 2.18 kg of body weight (BW)) were equally divided into three groups (n = 6 lambs/group) for 90 days. Animals were fed an ad lib basal diet consisting of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay (600 g/kg) and a concentrated mixture (400 g/kg) offered twice daily. Experimental treatments were control (basal diet without supplements); MON (control plus 35 mg/kg DM as a positive control); and NLP (control plus 40 g/kg DM). Lambs fed NLP had reduced ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentrations, protozoal counts, total volatile fatty acid, and blood urea nitrogen concentrations compared to the control. Compared to MON, lambs fed NLP had increased ruminal acetate and decreased propionate proportions. Inclusion of NLP in the diet increased blood total protein, globulin, and liver enzyme concentrations in comparison with the control, which was similar to MON. The lamb's final BW and average BW gain were also increased with the NLP relative to the control. Further, adding NLP to the diet increased the digestibility of crude protein compared to the control diet. In conclusion, adding NLP to the diet with 40 g/kg DM could be used as a promising phytogenic supplement for growing lambs with no detrimental effects on the ruminal fermentation profile, nutrient intake, or digestibility.
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12
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Vedovatto M, Izquierdo V, Palmer E, Oliveira RA, Silva HM, Vendramini JMB, Moriel P. Monensin supplementation during late gestation of beef cows alters maternal plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 and enhances offspring preweaning growth. Transl Anim Sci 2022; 6:txac105. [PMID: 36046092 PMCID: PMC9423031 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of maternal prepartum supplementation of dried distillers grains (DDG), with or without monensin addition, on maternal performance and physiology and offspring preweaning growth. On day 0 (approximately 197 ± 4 d prepartum), 150 multiparous, Brangus crossbred beef cows were ranked by their initial body weight (BW; 524 ± 51 kg) and body condition score (BCS; 5.0 ± 0.63), and then randomly assigned into one of 15 bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures (10 cows and 8.1 ha/pasture). Maternal treatments were randomly assigned to pastures (5 pastures/treatment) and consisted of no prepartum supplementation of DDG (NOSUP) or supplementation of DDG at 1 kg/cow/d (dry matter basis; DM) added with 0 mg (SUP) or 200 mg/d of monensin (SUPMO) from days 0 to 77. Effects of maternal treatment and maternal treatment × day of the study were not detected (P ≥ 0.63) for any forage data. Cow BCS on day 35 and near calving (day 77) did not differ (P ≥ 0.19) between SUP and SUPMO cows but both groups had greater (P ≤ 0.001) BCS compared with NOSUP cows. Cow BCS at the start of the breeding season (day 142) and on day 168 were the greatest (P < 0.0001) for SUPMO cows, least for NOSUP cows, and intermediate (P ≤ 0.02) for SUP cows. Maternal plasma concentrations of glucose did not differ (P ≥ 0.25) among treatments. Plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on day 77 were the least for NOSUP cows (P ≤ 0.05) and did not differ (P = 0.66) between SUP and SUPMO cows, whereas plasma concentrations of IGF-2 on days 35 and 77 were greatest (P ≤ 0.05) for SUPMO cows and did not differ (P ≥ 0.60) between NOSUP and SUP cows. Birth BW of first offspring did not differ (P = 0.77) between SUP and SUPMO calves but NOSUP calves were lighter at birth (P ≤ 0.05) compared with SUP and SUPMO calves. Percentage of cows pregnant with a second offspring did not differ (P = 0.72) between SUP and SUPMO cows and were the least for NOSUP cows (P ≤ 0.05). First offspring BW at weaning (day 325) was greatest (P ≤ 0.05) for SUPMO calves, least for NOSUP calves, and intermediate for SUP calves. Therefore, adding monensin into prepartum DDG supplements for Bos indicus-influenced beef cows did not increase cow prepartum BCS but led to greatest offspring preweaning growth, likely by modulating maternal plasma concentrations of IGF-1 and IGF-2 during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Vedovatto
- IFAS—Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Ona, FL 33865 , USA
| | - Vinicius Izquierdo
- IFAS—Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Ona, FL 33865 , USA
| | - Elizabeth Palmer
- IFAS—Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Ona, FL 33865 , USA
| | - Rhaiza A Oliveira
- IFAS—Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Ona, FL 33865 , USA
| | - Hiran M Silva
- IFAS—Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Ona, FL 33865 , USA
| | - João M B Vendramini
- IFAS—Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Ona, FL 33865 , USA
| | - Philipe Moriel
- IFAS—Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Ona, FL 33865 , USA
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Henn D, Venter A, Ferreira GCH, Botha CJ. The In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Ionophore Exposure on Selected Cytoskeletal Proteins of C2C12 Myoblasts. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:447. [PMID: 35878184 PMCID: PMC9317143 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylic ionophores, such as monensin, salinomycin and lasalocid, are polyether antibiotics used widely in production animals for the control of coccidiosis, as well as for the promotion of growth and feed efficiency. Although the benefits of using ionophores are undisputed, cases of ionophore toxicosis do occur, primarily targeting the cardiac and skeletal muscles of affected animals. The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of monensin, salinomycin and lasalocid on mouse skeletal myoblasts (C2C12). Immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescent techniques were, in turn, performed to investigate the effects of the ionophores on the microfilament, microtubule and intermediate filament, i.e., desmin and synemin networks of the myoblasts. Monensin was the most cytotoxic of the three ionophores, followed by salinomycin and finally lasalocid. Monensin and salinomycin exposure resulted in the aggregation of desmin around the nuclei of affected myoblasts. The synemin, microtubule and microfilament networks were less affected; however, vesicles throughout the myoblast’s cytoplasm produced gaps within the microtubule and, to a limited extent, the synemin and microfilament networks. In conclusion, ionophore exposure disrupted desmin filaments, which could contribute to the myofibrillar degeneration and necrosis seen in the skeletal muscles of animals suffering from ionophore toxicosis.
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Tseten T, Sanjorjo RA, Kwon M, Kim SW. Strategies to Mitigate Enteric Methane Emissions from Ruminant Animals. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:269-277. [PMID: 35283433 PMCID: PMC9628856 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2202.02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human activities account for approximately two-thirds of global methane emissions, wherein the livestock sector is the single massive methane emitter. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas of over 21 times the warming effect of carbon dioxide. In the rumen, methanogens produce methane as a by-product of anaerobic fermentation. Methane released from ruminants is considered as a loss of feed energy that could otherwise be used for productivity. Economic progress and growing population will inflate meat and milk product demands, causing elevated methane emissions from this sector. In this review, diverse approaches from feed manipulation to the supplementation of organic and inorganic feed additives and direct-fed microbial in mitigating enteric methane emissions from ruminant livestock are summarized. These approaches directly or indirectly alter the rumen microbial structure thereby reducing rumen methanogenesis. Though many inorganic feed additives have remarkably reduced methane emissions from ruminants, their usage as feed additives remains unappealing because of health and safety concerns. Hence, feed additives sourced from biological materials such as direct-fed microbials have emerged as a promising technique in mitigating enteric methane emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Tseten
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), ABC-RLRC, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Rey Anthony Sanjorjo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), ABC-RLRC, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhyuk Kwon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), ABC-RLRC, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea,
M. Kwon Phone: +82-55-772-1362 Fax: +82-55-759-9363 E-mail:
| | - Seon-Won Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), ABC-RLRC, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors S.W. Kim Phone: +82-55-772-1362 Fax: +82-55-759-9363 E-mail:
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Kim SH, Ramos SC, Valencia RA, Cho YI, Lee SS. Heat Stress: Effects on Rumen Microbes and Host Physiology, and Strategies to Alleviate the Negative Impacts on Lactating Dairy Cows. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:804562. [PMID: 35295316 PMCID: PMC8919045 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.804562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) in dairy cows causes considerable losses in the dairy industry worldwide due to reduced animal performance, increased cases of metabolic disorders, altered rumen microbiome, and other health problems. Cows subjected to HS showed decreased ruminal pH and acetate concentration and an increased concentration of ruminal lactate. Heat-stressed cows have an increased abundance of lactate-producing bacteria such as Streptococcus and unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, and soluble carbohydrate utilizers such as Ruminobacter, Treponema, and unclassified Bacteroidaceae. Cellulolytic bacteria, especially Fibrobacteres, increase during HS due to a high heat resistance. Actinobacteria and Acetobacter, both acetate-producing bacteria, decreased under HS conditions. Rumen fermentation functions, blood parameters, and metabolites are also affected by the physiological responses of the animal during HS. Isoleucine, methionine, myo-inositol, lactate, tryptophan, tyrosine, 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol, 3-phenylpropionic acid, urea, and valine decreased under these conditions. These responses affect feed consumption and production efficiency in milk yield, growth rate, and reproduction. At the cellular level, activation of heat shock transcription factor (HSF) (located throughout the nucleus and the cytoplasm) and increased expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) are the usual responses to cope with homeostasis. HSP70 is the most abundant HSP family responsible for the environmental stress response, while HSF1 is essential for increasing cell temperature. The expression of bovine lymphocyte antigen and histocompatibility complex class II (DRB3) is downregulated during HS, while HSP90 beta I and HSP70 1A are upregulated. HS increases the expression of the cytosolic arginine sensor for mTORC1 subunits 1 and 2, phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin and decreases the phosphorylation of Janus kinase-2 (a signal transducer and activator of transcription factor-5). These changes in physiology, metabolism, and microbiomes in heat-stressed dairy cows require urgent alleviation strategies. Establishing control measures to combat HS can be facilitated by elucidating mechanisms, including proper HS assessment, access to cooling facilities, special feeding and care, efficient water systems, and supplementation with vitamins, minerals, plant extracts, and probiotics. Understanding the relationship between HS and the rumen microbiome could contribute to the development of manipulation strategies to alleviate the influence of HS. This review comprehensively elaborates on the impact of HS in dairy cows and introduces different alleviation strategies to minimize HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Sonny C. Ramos
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Raniel A. Valencia
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Philippines
| | - Yong Il Cho
- Animal Disease and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
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Hendawy AO, Sugimura S, Sato K, Mansour MM, Abd El-aziz AH, Samir H, Islam MA, Bostami ABMR, Mandour AS, Elfadadny A, Ragab RF, Abdelmageed HA, Ali AM. Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Rumen Microbiota, Rumen Fermentation, and Apparent Nutrient Digestibility of Ruminant Animals: A Review. Fermentation 2022; 8:4. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes excreted by rumen microbiome facilitate the conversion of ingested plant materials into major nutrients (e.g., volatile fatty acids (VFA) and microbial proteins) required for animal growth. Diet, animal age, and health affect the structure of the rumen microbial community. Pathogenic organisms in the rumen negatively affect fermentation processes in favor of energy loss and animal deprivation of nutrients in ingested feed. Drawing from the ban on antibiotic use during the last decade, the livestock industry has been focused on increasing rumen microbial nutrient supply to ruminants through the use of natural supplements that are capable of promoting the activity of beneficial rumen microflora. Selenium (Se) is a trace mineral commonly used as a supplement to regulate animal metabolism. However, a clear understanding of its effects on rumen microbial composition and rumen fermentation is not available. This review summarized the available literature for the effects of Se on specific rumen microorganisms along with consequences for rumen fermentation and digestibility. Some positive effects on total VFA, the molar proportion of propionate, acetate to propionate ratio, ruminal NH3-N, pH, enzymatic activity, ruminal microbiome composition, and digestibility were recorded. Because Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) were more effective than other forms of Se, more studies are needed to compare the effectiveness of synthetic SeNPs and lactic acid bacteria enriched with sodium selenite as a biological source of SeNPs and probiotics. Future studies also need to evaluate the effect of dietary Se on methane emissions.
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