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Jaiswal A, Khan A, Yogi A, Singh S, Pal AK, Soni R, Tripathi P, Lal JA, Tripathi V. Isolation and molecular characterization of multidrug‑resistant Escherichia coli from chicken meat. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:107. [PMID: 38476645 PMCID: PMC10925582 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics in animal farms play a significant role in the proliferation and spread of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). The dissemination of antibiotic resistance from animal facilities to the nearby environment has become an emerging concern. The present study was focused on the isolation and molecular identification of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from broiler chicken meat and further access their antibiotic-resistant profile against different antibiotics. Broiler chicken meat samples were collected from 44 retail poultry slaughter shops in Prayagraj district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Standard bacteriological protocols were followed to first isolate the E. coli, and molecular characterization was performed with genus-specific PCR. Phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic-resistant profiles of all confirmed 154 E. coli isolates were screened against 09 antibiotics using the disc diffusion and PCR-based method for selected resistance genes. In antibiotic sensitivity testing, the isolates have shown maximum resistance potential against tetracycline (78%), ciprofloxacin (57.8%), trimethoprim (54.00%) and erythromycin (49.35%). E. coli bacterial isolates have shown relative resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (43.00%) and against ampicillin (44.15%). Notably, 64.28% E. coli bacteria were found to be multidrug resistant. The results of PCR assays exposed that tetA and blaTEM genes were the most abundant genes harboured by 83 (84.0%) and 82 (82.0%) out of all 99 targeted E. coli isolates, followed by 48.0% for AmpC (CITM) gene and cmlA (23.00%) for chloramphenicol resistance. It is notable that most of the isolates collected from chicken meat samples were multidrug resistant (> 3 antibiotics), with more than 80% of them carrying tetracycline (tetA) and beta-lactam gene (blaTEM). This study highlights the high risk associated with poultry products due to MDR-E. coli and promote the limited use of antibiotics in poultry farms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03950-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anugya Jaiswal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
| | - Aquib Khan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
| | - Akanksha Yogi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
| | - Sweta Singh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
| | - Arun Kumar Pal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
| | - Ramendra Soni
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
| | - Pooja Tripathi
- Center of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
| | - Jonathan A Lal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
| | - Vijay Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Clement Town, Dehradun, India
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Aworh MK, Nilsson P, Egyir B, Owusu FA, Hendriksen RS. Rare serovars of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica isolated from humans, beef cattle and abattoir environments in Nigeria. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296971. [PMID: 38252613 PMCID: PMC10802957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salmonella is considered one of the most significant pathogens in public health since it is a bacterium that is frequently linked to food-borne illnesses in humans. Some Salmonella serovars are responsible for outbreaks that are connected to the consumption of animal products. Cattle are connected to humans through a shared environment and the food chain as a significant source of animal protein. In Nigeria, antimicrobial medications are easily accessible for use in food-producing animals. Abattoir environments are reservoirs of foodborne bacteria like non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS), that have become resistant to antibiotics used for prophylaxis or treatment in animals. This study investigated the prevalence and resistance patterns of Salmonella enterica serovars in abattoir employees, beef cattle and abattoir environments in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria. METHODS A total of 448 samples were collected from healthy personnel, slaughtered cattle, and abattoir environments between May and December 2020. Using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, the resistance profile of NTS isolates were determined. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was considered when NTS was resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial drug classes. We performed phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of all Salmonella isolates including serotyping. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Twenty-seven (6%) NTS isolates were obtained. Prevalence of NTS was highest in abattoir environments (15.5%; 9/58), followed by cattle (4.8%;13/272) and abattoir employees (4.2%; 5/118). A high prevalence of resistance was observed for gentamicin (85.2%; 23/27) and tetracycline (77.8%; 21/27). Whole-genome sequencing of 22 NTS showed dissemination of aac(6')-laa (22/22), qnrB19 (1/22), fosA7 (1/22), and tetA (1/22) genes. Serovar diversity of NTS varied with source. S. Anatum, a rare serovar predominated with a prevalence of 18.2% (4/22). Chromosomal point mutations showed ParC T57S substitution in 22 NTS analyzed. Among 22 NTS, 131 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected including insertion sequences (56.5%) and miniature inverted repeats (43.5%). Two integrating MGEs IS6 and IS21 were observed to carry the tetA gene + Incl-1 on the same contig in NTS originating from cattle. Rare serovars namely S. Abony and S. Stormont with MDR phenotypes recovered from cattle and abattoir environments were closely related with a pairwise distance of ≤5 SNPs. CONCLUSIONS First report of rare serovars in Nigeria with MDR phenotypes in humans, cattle, and abattoir environments. This study demonstrates the spread of resistance in the abattoir environment possibly by MGEs and emphasizes the importance of genomic surveillance. Beef cattle may be a risk to public health because they spread a variety of rare Salmonella serovars. Therefore, encouraging hand hygiene among abattoir employees while processing beef cattle will further reduce NTS colonization in this population. This requires a One Health collaborative effort among various stakeholders in human health, animal health, and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Kamweli Aworh
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Pernille Nilsson
- Research Group for Global Capacity Building, National Food Institute, WHO Collaborating Centre (WHO CC) for Antimicrobial Resistance in Foodborne Pathogens and Genomics, FAO Reference Laboratory (FAO RL) for Antimicrobial Resistance, European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance (EURL-AR), Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Beverly Egyir
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Felicia Amoa Owusu
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rene S. Hendriksen
- Research Group for Global Capacity Building, National Food Institute, WHO Collaborating Centre (WHO CC) for Antimicrobial Resistance in Foodborne Pathogens and Genomics, FAO Reference Laboratory (FAO RL) for Antimicrobial Resistance, European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance (EURL-AR), Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Ali RI, El-Abdelaziz SA, Kamel MA, Murad SK, Abdallah HM, Salem GA. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli harboring carbapenem and colistin-resistant genes from poultry farms in Egypt. Open Vet J 2024; 14:459-469. [PMID: 38633163 PMCID: PMC11018422 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background eEscherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria that produce extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) is associated with a high prevalence of human illnesses worldwide. The emergence of resistance to carbapenem and colistin compounds poses further challenges to the treatment options for these illnesses. This study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic pattern of resistance to carbapenem and colistin in ESBL-producing E. coli. Escherichia coli isolates collected from the respiratory tract of chickens in El-Sharkia government, Egypt. Methods A total of 250 lung samples were collected from 50 poultry farms. These samples were then subjected to isolation, identification, and serotyping of E. coli. The presence of antimicrobial resistance was identified by disc diffusion testing. The occurrence of ESBL phenotypes was also assessed using the double disc synergy method. PCR/sequencing techniques were employed to examine the presence of ESBL (β-lactamase (bla)-TEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M), colistin (mcr-1), and carbapenem (blaNDM, blaVIM, and blaKPC) resistance genes. Results The findings revealed that 140 out of 250 (56%) were identified as E. coli. All E. coli isolates had a high level of multi-antimicrobial resistance (MAR) with an index value greater than 0.2, and 65.7% of them were confirmed to produce ESBL. Out of the 92 ESBL phenotypes, 55 (59.7%), 32 (34.7%), 18 (19.6%), and 37 (40.2%) isolates harbor b laTEM-3, b laSHV-4, b laCTX-M-1, a nd blaCTX-M-14 genes, respectively. The blaNDM-1 gene was identified in all 40 phenotypes that exhibited resistance to carbapenem, accounting for 28.5% of all strains of E. coli and 43.4% of ESBL isolates. The VIM and KPC genes were not detected in any of the samples. Furthermore, there was a significant prevalence of the mobilized colistin resistance (mcr)-1 gene, with 64 (69.5%) of the ESBL isolates exhibiting this gene. Conclusion The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli, particularly those resistant to carbapenem and colistin, poses a significant public health risk in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem I. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sayed A. El-Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Kamel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Susan K. Murad
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Misurata University, Misurata, Libya
| | - Hussam M. Abdallah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gamal A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Misurata University, Misurata, Libya
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Yousef HMY, Hashad ME, Osman KM, Alatfeehy NM, Hassan WMM, Elebeedy LA, Salem HM, Shami A, Al-Saeed FA, El-Saadony MT, El-Tarabily KA, Marouf S. Surveillance of Escherichia coli in different types of chicken and duck hatcheries: one health outlook. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103108. [PMID: 37862868 PMCID: PMC10616547 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is an important zoonotic bacterium that significantly impacts one health concept. E. coli is normally detected in the gut of warm-blooded animals, but some serotypes can cause diseases in humans and animals. Moreover, it can continue for a long time in different environments, replicate in water, and survive outside different hosts. In this study, 171 samples collected from 10 different types of poultry hatcheries (automatic, semiautomatic, and manual "traditional" types) were examined for the prevalence of E. coli. PCR was applied to verify the E. coli isolates via 16S rRNA gene-specific primers. From the gathered samples, 62 E. coli isolates were recovered (36.3%). The highest prevalence was met with the manual "traditional" hatcheries (57.1%) with no significance difference (P = 0.243) in the 3 types of hatcheries. The incidence of E. coli varied significantly in different tested avian types and breeds. The prevalence was 35.7% in duck hatcheries and 37% in chicken hatcheries, with significant differences between breeds of both species (P = 0.024 and 0.001, respectively). The identification of zoonotic E. coli serotypes in this study is concerning, highlighting the need for collaborative efforts across various sectors, including social, environmental, and governance, to promote the adoption of the one health principle in the chicken business. Periodical surveillance, biosecurity measures at the hatcheries and farm levels, and boosting the immunity of birds were recommended to limit the risk of E. coli spread from avian sources to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend M Y Yousef
- Central Administration of Preventive Medicine, General Organization for Veterinary Service, Giza 3751254, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E Hashad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Kamelia M Osman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Nayera M Alatfeehy
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production (RLQP), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M M Hassan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production (RLQP), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Lamia A Elebeedy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Valley University, Kharga Oasis, New Valley 1065002, Egypt
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Ashwag Shami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah A Al-Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9088, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sherif Marouf
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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Gelalcha BD, Mohammed RI, Gelgie AE, Kerro Dego O. Molecular epidemiology and pathogenomics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing- Escherichia coli and - Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from bulk tank milk in Tennessee, USA. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1283165. [PMID: 38029210 PMCID: PMC10658008 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1283165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rise in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in dairy cattle farms poses a risk to human health as they can spread to humans through the food chain, including raw milk. This study was designed to determine the status, antimicrobial resistance, and pathogenic potential of ESBL-producing -E. coli and -Klebsiella spp. isolates from bulk tank milk (BTM). Methods Thirty-three BTM samples were collected from 17 dairy farms and screened for ESBL-E. coli and -Klebsiella spp. on CHROMagar ESBL plates. All isolates were confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Results Ten presumptive ESBL-producing bacteria, eight E. coli, and two K. pneumoniae were isolated. The prevalence of ESBL-E. coli and -K. pneumoniae in BTM was 21.2% and 6.1%, respectively. ESBL-E. coli were detected in 41.2% of the study farms. Seven of the ESBL-E. coli isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). The two ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone. Seven ESBL-E. coli strains carry the blaCTX-M gene, and five of them co-harbored blaTEM-1. ESBL-E. coli co-harbored blaCTX-M with other resistance genes, including qnrB19, tet(A), aadA1, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id), floR, sul2, and chromosomal mutations (gyrA, gyrB, parC, parE, and pmrB). Most E. coli resistance genes were associated with mobile genetic elements, mainly plasmids. Six sequence types (STs) of E. coli were detected. All ESBL-E. coli were predicted to be pathogenic to humans. Four STs (three ST10 and ST69) were high-risk clones of E. coli. Up to 40 virulence markers were detected in all E. coli isolates. One of the K. pneumoniae was ST867; the other was novel strain. K. pneumoniae isolates carried three types of beta-lactamase genes (blaCTX-M, blaTEM-1 and blaSHV). The novel K. pneumoniae ST also carried a novel IncFII(K) plasmid ST. Conclusion Detection of high-risk clones of MDR ESBL-E. coli and ESBL-K. pneumoniae in BTM indicates that raw milk could be a reservoir of potentially zoonotic ESBL-E. coli and -K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benti D. Gelalcha
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Ruwaa I. Mohammed
- Department of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Aga E. Gelgie
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Jesumirhewe C, Cabal-Rosel A, Allerberger F, Springer B, Ruppitsch W. Genetic characterization of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. from humans and poultry in Nigeria. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:acmi000509.v4. [PMID: 37601433 PMCID: PMC10436014 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000509.v4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance in livestock, especially food-producing animals, is of major public health importance as a result of the possibility of these bacteria entering the food chain. In this study, the genetic characteristics of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates from humans and poultry in Edo state, Nigeria, were investigated. In April 2017, 45 Klebsiella spp. and 46 E. coli isolates were obtained from urine, clinical wounds, nasal and chicken faecal samples. Isolates were recovered and identified as previously described. Species identification was achieved by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and ribosomal multilocus sequence typing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer method for 12 antibiotics. A double disc synergy test was used to screen for extended-spectrum beta-lactamse (ESBL) production. Whole genome sequencing was performed for strain characterization of the isolates. Thirteen Klebsiella spp. isolates yielded positive results by the ESBL phenotypic test and harboured ESBL genes. Of the 46 E. coli isolates, 21 human and 13 poultry isolates were resistant to at least one of the tested antibiotics. Four human E. coli isolates harboured ESBL genes and revealed positive results when applying ESBL double disc synergy tests. ESBL genes in the Klebsiella spp. and E. coli isolates include bla CTX-M-15 and bla SHV-28. Whole genome-based core gene multilocus sequence typing of the Klebsiella spp. and E. coli isolates revealed a close relatedness among the isolates. An integrated 'One Health' surveillance system is required to monitor transmission of antimicrobial resistance in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Jesumirhewe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo state, Nigeria
| | - Adriana Cabal-Rosel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Allerberger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Burkhard Springer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
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Salem GA, Abdelaziz ESA, Kamel MA, Rhouma NR, Ali RI. Prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from chicken farms in Egypt. Vet World 2023; 16:1001-1007. [PMID: 37576762 PMCID: PMC10420707 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1001-1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli strains exhibit antibiotic resistance and are known to infect humans worldwide. This study assessed the phenotypic and genotypic prevalence of ESBL-resistant E. coli isolates recovered from the respiratory tracts of chickens in El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Materials and Methods We obtained 250 lung samples (one lung/bird) from 50 chicken farms (5 chickens/farm) to isolate, identify, and serotype E. coli. Antimicrobial resistance susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion method, while the ESBL phenotype was identified using double disk synergy. We detected the β-lactamase genes, blaTEM, and blaSHV, using a polymerase chain reaction. Results The results showed that 140/250 (56%) were infected with E. coli. All the serogroups of isolated E. coli exhibited high multi-antimicrobial resistance index values (>0.2), and 65.7% were confirmed to have ESBL. Among the isolates with the ESBL phenotypes, 55 (60%) and 32 (35%) contained the blaTEM and blaSHV genes, respectively. Conclusion The widespread distribution of multidrug-resistant and ESBL-producing E. coli among poultry farms is a significant human health hazard. These results will help the Egyptian authorities to implement a national one-health approach to combat the antimicrobial resistance problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed A. Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Kamel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Nasreddin R. Rhouma
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Misurata University, Misurata 2478, Libya
| | - Reem I. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Ribeiro J, Silva V, Monteiro A, Vieira-Pinto M, Igrejas G, Reis FS, Barros L, Poeta P. Antibiotic Resistance among Gastrointestinal Bacteria in Broilers: A Review Focused on Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1362. [PMID: 37106925 PMCID: PMC10135345 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chickens can acquire bacteria at different stages, and bacterial diversity can occur due to production practices, diet, and environment. The changes in consumer trends have led to increased animal production, and chicken meat is one of the most consumed meats. To ensure high levels of production, antimicrobials have been used in livestock for therapeutic purposes, disease prevention, and growth promotion, contributing to the development of antimicrobial resistance across the resident microbiota. Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli are normal inhabitants of the gastrointestinal microbiota of chickens that can develop strains capable of causing a wide range of diseases, i.e., opportunistic pathogens. Enterococcus spp. isolated from broilers have shown resistance to at least seven classes of antibiotics, while E. coli have shown resistance to at least four. Furthermore, some clonal lineages, such as ST16, ST194, and ST195 in Enterococcus spp. and ST117 in E. coli, have been identified in humans and animals. These data suggest that consuming contaminated animal-source food, direct contact with animals, or environmental exposure can lead to the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Therefore, this review focused on Enterococcus spp. and E. coli from the broiler industry to better understand how antibiotic-resistant strains have emerged, which antibiotic-resistant genes are most common, what clonal lineages are shared between broilers and humans, and their impact through a One Health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ribeiro
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Andreia Monteiro
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Madalena Vieira-Pinto
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Filipa S. Reis
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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9
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Fakorede CO, Amisu KO, Saki M, Akinyemi KO. Co-existence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases bla CTX-M-9 and bla CTX-M-15 genes in Salmonella species isolated from febrile and diarrhoeagenic patients in Lagos, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:3. [PMID: 36593500 PMCID: PMC9806906 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to different antimicrobial classes by Salmonella species has generated a global public health concern. The spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) blaCTX gene variants is also increasing. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance and the carriage of blaCTX-M-9 and blaCTX-M-15 as well as the quinolone resistance gene (qnrB19) among Salmonella species from hospitalised patients in Lagos, Nigeria. METHODS In this cross-sectional study from April 2021 to August 2021, a total of 508 samples were collected from hospitalised patients. The samples were subjected to standard microbiological investigation. All the isolates were identified using API 20E kits and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was investigated using the disk diffusion method. Detection of antibiotic resistance and virulence gene makers was conducted using RT-PCR. RESULTS In total, 24 Salmonella species were identified. All the isolates were non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates. None of the isolates screened was S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi. Most of the isolates were susceptible to imipenem, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and gentamycin, while a high level of resistance to all cephalosporins, penicillin, and some carbapenems was observed. In total, 79.2% (19/24) of the Salmonella isolates harboured the blaCTX-M variant including 54.2% (13/24) blaCTX-M-9 and 12.5% (3/24) blaCTX-M-15, while co-habitation of blaCTX-M-9 and blaCTX-M-15 was observed in 12.5% (3/24) of the isolates, respectively. None of the isolates harboured quinolone-resistant qnrB19 gene and virulence gene stn. However, invA gene was present in 66.7% (16/24) of all isolates. CONCLUSIONS This study is considered the first report of blaCTX-M-9 and blaCTX-M-15 variants in Salmonella species in Nigeria. The continued existence of cefotaximase (CTX-M)-producing Salmonella within our environment calls for the prudent use of cephalosporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher O. Fakorede
- grid.411276.70000 0001 0725 8811Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Lasu Post Office, Ojo, P.O. Box 0001, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde O. Amisu
- grid.411276.70000 0001 0725 8811Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Lasu Post Office, Ojo, P.O. Box 0001, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Morteza Saki
- grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran ,grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kabiru O. Akinyemi
- grid.411276.70000 0001 0725 8811Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Lasu Post Office, Ojo, P.O. Box 0001, Lagos, Nigeria
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10
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Dreyer S, Globig A, Bachmann L, Schütz AK, Schaufler K, Homeier-Bachmann T. Longitudinal Study on Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase- E. coli in Sentinel Mallard Ducks in an Important Baltic Stop-Over Site for Migratory Ducks in Germany. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1968. [PMID: 36296245 PMCID: PMC9612239 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious global health threat with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales as the most critical ones. Studies on AMR in wild birds imply a possible dissemination function and indicate their potential role as sentinel animals. This study aimed to gain a deeper insight into the AMR burden of wild waterfowl by sampling semi-wild mallard ducks used as sentinels and to identify if AMR bacteria could be recommended to be added to the pathogens of public health risks to be screened for. In total, 376 cloacal and pooled fecal samples were collected from the sentinel plant over a period of two years. Samples were screened for ESBL-carrying E. coli and isolates found further analyzed using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing. Over the sampling period, 4.26% (16/376) of the samples were positive for ESBL-producing E. coli. BlaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-32 were the most abundant CTX-M types. Although none of the top global sequence types (ST) could be detected, poultry-derived ST115 and non-poultry-related STs were found and could be followed over time. The current study revealed low cases of ESBL-producing E. coli in semi-wild mallard ducks, which proves the suitability of sentinel surveillance for AMR detection in water-associated wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Dreyer
- Institute of International Animal Health/One Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anja Globig
- Institute of International Animal Health/One Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lisa Bachmann
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Applied Science Neubrandenburg, 17033 Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - Anne K. Schütz
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Schaufler
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Infection Medicine, Christian-Albrecht University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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11
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Gelalcha BD, Kerro Dego O. Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Producing Enterobacteriaceae in the USA Dairy Cattle Farms and Implications for Public Health. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101313. [PMID: 36289970 PMCID: PMC9598938 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top global health threats of the 21th century. Recent studies are increasingly reporting the rise in extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLs-Ent) in dairy cattle and humans in the USA. The causes of the increased prevalence of ESBLs-Ent infections in humans and commensal ESBLs-Ent in dairy cattle farms are mostly unknown. However, the extensive use of beta-lactam antibiotics, especially third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) in dairy farms and human health, can be implicated as a major driver for the rise in ESBLs-Ent. The rise in ESBLs-Ent, particularly ESBLs-Escherichia coli and ESBLs-Klebsiella species in the USA dairy cattle is not only an animal health issue but also a serious public health concern. The ESBLs-E. coli and -Klebsiella spp. can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with carrier animals or indirectly through the food chain or via the environment. The USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports also showed continuous increase in community-associated human infections caused by ESBLs-Ent. Some studies attributed the elevated prevalence of ESBLs-Ent infections in humans to the frequent use of 3GCs in dairy farms. However, the status of ESBLs-Ent in dairy cattle and their contribution to human infections caused by ESBLs-producing enteric bacteria in the USA is the subject of further study. The aims of this review are to give in-depth insights into the status of ESBL-Ent in the USA dairy farms and its implication for public health and to highlight some critical research gaps that need to be addressed.
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12
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Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases and AmpC β-lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae among Human, Cattle, and Poultry. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080852. [PMID: 36014973 PMCID: PMC9414889 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are a universal public health alarm frequently identified among humans, animals, and poultry. Livestock and poultry production are a possible source of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, including ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, which confer antimicrobial resistance to different β-lactam antimicrobial agents. From January to May 2020, a cross-sectional study was carried out in three dairy cattle farms and four poultry farms in different districts of northern Egypt to assess the prevalence of ESBLs, AmpC beta-lactamase-producing E. coli and Klebsiella in livestock, poultry, and human contacts, and to investigate the genetic relatedness of the recovered isolates. In total, 140 samples were collected, including human fecal samples (n = 20) of workers with intimate livestock contact, cattle rectal swabs (n = 34), milk (n = 14), milking machine swabs (n = 8), rations (n = 2), and water (n = 2) from different cattle farms, as well as cloacal swabs (n = 45), rations (n = 5), water (n = 5) and litter (n = 5) from poultry farms. The specimens were investigated for ESBL-producing E. coli and Klebsiella using HiCrome ESBL media agar. The agar disk diffusion method characterized the isolated strains for their phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility. The prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae was 30.0%, 20.0%, and 25.0% in humans, cattle, and poultry, respectively. Further genotypic characterization was performed using conventional and multiplex PCR assays for the molecular identification of ESBL and AmpC genes. The majority of the ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae showed a multi-drug resistant phenotype. Additionally, blaSHV was the predominant ESBL genotype (n = 31; 93.94%), and was mainly identified in humans (n = 6), cattle (n = 11), and poultry (14); its existence in various reservoirs is a concern, and highlights the necessity of the development of definite control strategies to limit the abuse of antimicrobial agents.
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Rybak B, Potrykus M, Plenis A, Wolska L. Raw Meat Contaminated with Cephalosporin-Resistant Enterobacterales as a Potential Source of Human Home Exposure to Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134151. [PMID: 35807396 PMCID: PMC9267975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cephalosporine-resistant (3GC-R) strains among United States community-related research samples ranged from 5.6 to 10.8%, while, in the European countries, it was 1.2% to 10.1%. Several studies suggest that meat of animal origin could be one of the reservoirs of 3GC-R bacteria. Here, 86 raw meat samples (turkey, pork, chicken and beef) were collected randomly and verified for the presence of 3GC-R bacteria. The 3GC-R bacteria were isolated, identified and characterized phenotypically (antibiotic resistance, motility and biofilm) and genotypically (repetitive-sequence-based rep-PCR) to elucidate any correlations with principal component analysis (PCA). From 28 3GC-R positive samples, 41 strains were isolated, from which the majority belonged to Serratia fonticola (39%), followed by Escherichia coli (19.5%), Enterobacter cloacae (17.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.6%). The isolates of E. coli and S. fonticola presented diverse profiles in rep-PCR. Generally, 3GC-R strains were more resistant to antibiotics used in veterinary medicine than in human medicine. PCA derived from antibiotic resistance, motility and biofilm formation of S. fonticola and E. coli strains showed that resistance to beta-lactams was separated from the resistance to other antibiotic classes. Moreover, for the S. fonticola, E. coli and En. cloacae, the type of meat can create a specific tendency towards antibiotic resistance and phenotypic characteristics for S. fonticola, while these relationships were not found for other tested species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Rybak
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Debowa Str. 23A, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland; (B.R.); (M.P.); (L.W.)
| | - Marta Potrykus
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Debowa Str. 23A, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland; (B.R.); (M.P.); (L.W.)
| | - Alina Plenis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera Str. 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-349-10-96
| | - Lidia Wolska
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Debowa Str. 23A, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland; (B.R.); (M.P.); (L.W.)
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