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Kerro Dego O, Vidlund J. Staphylococcal mastitis in dairy cows. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1356259. [PMID: 38863450 PMCID: PMC11165426 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1356259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is one of the most common diseases of dairy cattle. Even though different infectious microorganisms and mechanical injury can cause mastitis, bacteria are the most common cause of mastitis in dairy cows. Staphylococci, streptococci, and coliforms are the most frequently diagnosed etiological agents of mastitis in dairy cows. Staphylococci that cause mastitis are broadly divided into Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus staphylococci (NAS). NAS is mainly comprised of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (CNS) and some coagulase-positive and coagulase-variable staphylococci. Current staphylococcal mastitis control measures are ineffective, and dependence on antimicrobial drugs is not sustainable because of the low cure rate with antimicrobial treatment and the development of resistance. Non-antimicrobial effective and sustainable control tools are critically needed. This review describes the current status of S. aureus and NAS mastitis in dairy cows and flags areas of knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Jessica Vidlund
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- East Tennessee AgResearch and Education Center-Little River Animal and Environmental Unit, University of Tennessee, Walland, TN, United States
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Dobrut A, Siemińska I, Sroka-Oleksiak A, Drożdż K, Sobońska J, Mroczkowska U, Brzychczy-Włoch M. Molecular and phenotypic identification of bacterial species isolated from cows with mastitis from three regions of Poland. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:193. [PMID: 38734661 PMCID: PMC11088075 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine mastitis is a widespread disease affecting dairy cattle worldwide and it generates substantial losses for dairy farmers. Mastitis may be caused by bacteria, fungi or algae. The most common species isolated from infected milk are, among others, Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci. The aim of this paper is to determine the frequency of occurrence of bacterial species in milk samples from cows with mastitis from three regions of Poland: the north-east, the south-west and the south. To this end 203 milk samples taken from cows with a clinical form (CM) of mastitis (n = 100) and healthy animals (n = 103) were examined, which included culture on an appropriate medium followed by molecular detection of E. coli, S. aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus uberis, as one of the most common species isolated from mastitis milk. RESULTS The results obtained indicated that S. uberis was the most commonly cultivated CM species (38%, n = 38), followed by S. aureus (22%, n = 22), E. coli (21%, n = 21) and S. agalactiae (18%, n = 18). Similar frequencies in molecular methods were obtained for S. uberis (35.1%) and S. aureus (28.0%). The variation of sensitivity of both methods may be responsible for the differences in the E. coli (41.0%, p = 0.002) and S. agalactiae (5.0%, p = 0.004) detection rates. Significant differences in composition of species between three regions of Poland were noted for E. coli incidence (p < 0.001), in both the culture and molecular methods, but data obtained by the PCR method indicated that this species was the least common in north-eastern Poland, while the culture method showed that in north-eastern Poland E. coli was the most common species. Significant differences for the molecular method were also observed for S. uberis (p < 0.001) and S. aureus (p < 0.001). Both species were most common in southern and south-western Poland. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained confirm the need to introduce rapid molecular tests for veterinary diagnostics, as well as providing important epidemiological data, to the best of our knowledge data on Polish cows in selected areas of Poland is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dobrut
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Izabela Siemińska
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Center of Veterinary Medicine JU-AU, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sroka-Oleksiak
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Drożdż
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Sobońska
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Monika Brzychczy-Włoch
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Fidelis CE, Orsi AM, Freu G, Gonçalves JL, dos Santos MV. Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis Isolates from Bovine Mastitis. Vet Sci 2024; 11:170. [PMID: 38668437 PMCID: PMC11053524 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess (a) the biofilm producer ability and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Staphylococcus (Staph.) aureus and Streptococcus (Strep.) uberis isolated from cows with clinical mastitis (CM) and subclinical mastitis (SCM), and (b) the association between biofilm producer ability and antimicrobial resistance. We isolated a total of 197 Staph. aureus strains (SCM = 111, CM = 86) and 119 Strep. uberis strains (SCM = 15, CM = 104) from milk samples obtained from 316 cows distributed in 24 dairy herds. Biofilm-forming ability was assessed using the microplate method, while antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion method against 13 antimicrobials. Among the isolates examined, 57.3% of Staph. aureus and 53.8% of Strep. uberis exhibited the ability to produce biofilm, which was categorized as strong, moderate, or weak. In terms of antimicrobial susceptibility, Staph. aureus isolates displayed resistance to penicillin (92.9%), ampicillin (50.8%), and tetracycline (52.7%). Conversely, Strep. uberis isolates exhibited resistance to penicillin (80.6%), oxacillin (80.6%), and tetracycline (37.8%). However, no significant correlation was found between antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation ability among the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E. Fidelis
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (C.E.F.); (A.M.O.); (G.F.)
| | - Alessandra M. Orsi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (C.E.F.); (A.M.O.); (G.F.)
| | - Gustavo Freu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (C.E.F.); (A.M.O.); (G.F.)
| | - Juliano L. Gonçalves
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48864, USA;
| | - Marcos V. dos Santos
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (C.E.F.); (A.M.O.); (G.F.)
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Addis MF, Locatelli C, Penati M, Poli SF, Monistero V, Zingale L, Rota N, Gusmara C, Piccinini R, Moroni P, Bronzo V. Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci isolated from bovine milk in Italian dairy farms: a retrospective investigation. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:547-554. [PMID: 37558858 PMCID: PMC10811067 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) are associated with bovine mastitis and increased milk somatic cell count (SCC) but their relationships with mammary gland health at the species level are not clearly defined. Regional differences have also been reported in their specific prevalence. The implementation of MALDI-TOF MS in milk microbiology is generating large and dependable datasets with the potential of providing useful epidemiological information. We present the retrospective analysis of 17,213 milk samples sent to our laboratory in 2021-2022, including 13,146 quarter samples from cows with subclinical (SCM) or clinical mastitis (CM) from 104 farms, and 4,067 composite herd survey (HS) samples from 21 farms. NASM were isolated from 21.12% of SCM, 11.49% of CM, and 15.59% of HS milk samples. The three most frequently identified NASM in SCM milk were Staphylococcus chromogenes (33.33%), S. haemolyticus (26.07%), and S. epidermidis (10.65%); together with S. microti and S. hyicus, these species were significantly more prevalent in quarters with SCM (p < 0.05). The three most frequently identified NASM in CM milk were S. chromogenes (31.69%), S. haemolyticus (21.42%), and Mammaliicoccus sciuri (18.38%), although no significant associations were found between these NASM species and CM. The three most frequently identified NASM in HS milk were S. chromogenes (44.49%), S. epidermidis (17.84%), and S. haemolyticus (17.23%), with S. chromogenes being isolated in all the farms sending HS milk (100%). In conclusion, this retrospective study provides the first information on the NASM species isolated from cow milk in Italy, expanding our knowledge on the epidemiology of NASM at the species level and providing further insights into their relationships with mammary gland health in modern dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filippa Addis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy.
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali - MiLab, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy.
| | - Clara Locatelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Martina Penati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Sara Fusar Poli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Valentina Monistero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Lucia Zingale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Gusmara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Renata Piccinini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Paolo Moroni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali - MiLab, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
- Quality Milk Production Services (QMPS), Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Valerio Bronzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali - MiLab, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
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Zouharova M, Nedbalcova K, Matiaskova K, Slama P, Matiasovic J. Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Resistance Genes in Streptococcus uberis Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in the Czech Republic. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1527. [PMID: 37887228 PMCID: PMC10604623 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is one of the most important causative agents of mastitis and is a common reason for the use of antimicrobials in dairy cows. In this study, we assessed the antimicrobial susceptibility of 667 S. uberis isolates originating from 216 Czech dairy farms collected between 2019 and 2023 using the broth microdilution method. We tested 140 of the isolates for the presence of antimicrobial genes using whole-genome sequencing and evaluated their relationship with phenotypic resistance. Streptococcus uberis isolates showed high levels of resistance to tetracycline (59%), followed by streptomycin (38%) and clindamycin (29%). Although all of the isolates were susceptible to beta-lactams, a relatively high percentage of intermediately susceptible isolates was recorded for ampicillin (44%) and penicillin (18%). The isolates were mainly resistant to tetracycline alone (31.3%); the second most frequent occurrence of the phenotypic profile was simultaneous resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, and clindamycin (16.6%). The occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes did not always match the phenotypic results; in total, 36.8% of isolates that possessed the ant(6)-Ia gene did not show phenotypic resistance to streptomycin. To a lesser extent, silent genes were also detected in clindamycin and tetracycline. This study confirmed the high susceptibility of S. uberis to penicillins used as first-line antimicrobials for S. uberis mastitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zouharova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.N.); (K.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Katerina Nedbalcova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.N.); (K.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Katarina Matiaskova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.N.); (K.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Petr Slama
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Matiasovic
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.N.); (K.M.); (J.M.)
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Morales-Ubaldo AL, Rivero-Perez N, Valladares-Carranza B, Velázquez-Ordoñez V, Delgadillo-Ruiz L, Zaragoza-Bastida A. Bovine mastitis, a worldwide impact disease: Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and viable alternative approaches. Vet Anim Sci 2023; 21:100306. [PMID: 37547227 PMCID: PMC10400929 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2023.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is globally considered one of the most important diseases within dairy herds, mainly due to the associated economic losses. The most prevalent etiology are bacteria, classified into contagious and environmental, with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most common pathogens associated with mastitis cases. To date these pathogens are resistant to the most common active ingredients used for mastitis treatment. According to recent studies resistance to new antimicrobials has increased, which is why developing of alternative treatments is imperative. Therefore the present review aims to summarize the reports about bovine mastitis along 10 years, emphasizing bacterial etiology, its epidemiology, and the current situation of antimicrobial resistance, as well as the development of alternative treatments for this pathology. Analyzed data showed that the prevalence of major pathogens associated with bovine mastitis varied according to geographical region. Moreover, these pathogens are classified as multidrug-resistant, since the effectiveness of antimicrobials on them has decreased. To date, several studies have focused on the research of alternative treatments, among them vegetal extracts, essential oils, or peptides. Some other works have reported the application of nanotechnology and polymers against bacteria associated with bovine mastitis. Results demonstrated that these alternatives may be effective on bacteria associated with bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lizet Morales-Ubaldo
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, EX-Hda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo, C.P 43660, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Nallely Rivero-Perez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, EX-Hda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo, C.P 43660, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Valladares-Carranza
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P. 50200 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Valente Velázquez-Ordoñez
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P. 50200 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Lucía Delgadillo-Ruiz
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, CP. 98068, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Adrian Zaragoza-Bastida
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, EX-Hda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo, C.P 43660, Hidalgo, Mexico
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Filippone Pavesi L, Pollera C, Sala G, Cremonesi P, Monistero V, Biscarini F, Bronzo V. Effect of the Selective Dry Cow Therapy on Udder Health and Milk Microbiota. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1259. [PMID: 37627678 PMCID: PMC10451862 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the use of antimicrobials on dairy farms has been significantly limited from both the legislative and consumer points of view. This study aims to check the efficacy of selective dry cow therapy (SDCT) versus blanket dry cow therapy (BDCT) on bovine udder in healthy animals. SDTC is when an antibiotic is administered only to infected cows, compared with BDCT, where all cows receive an antimicrobial, regardless of their infection status. The milk samples were collected from enrolled Holstein Friesian cows 7 days before dry-off (T0) and 10 days after calving (T1) to assess somatic cell count (SCC), intramammary infections (IMIs), and milk microbiota variation. After pre-drying sampling, cows are randomly assigned to the following treatments: internal teat sealant alone (ITS; 24 cows), which is a treatment in a cow that does not receive antibiotics in SDTC, or in combination with intramammary antibiotic treatment (A+ITS; 22 cows). Non-statistically significant results are found between the two treatment groups at T1 for SCC, milk yield, and alpha diversity in milk microbiota. A statistically (p < 0.033) T1 IMI decrease is reported in the A+ITS group, and a significant beta diversity analysis is shown between the two timepoints (p = 0.009). This study confirms the possibility of selective drying without new IMI risk or increased SCC at calving, considering healthy cows without contagious infections and SCC values >200,000 cells/mL in the previous lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Filippone Pavesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.F.P.); (C.P.); (V.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Claudia Pollera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.F.P.); (C.P.); (V.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Giulia Sala
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Via Livornese (SP-22), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Cremonesi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Valentina Monistero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.F.P.); (C.P.); (V.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Filippo Biscarini
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Valerio Bronzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.F.P.); (C.P.); (V.M.); (V.B.)
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases—MiLab, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
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Li X, Xu C, Liang B, Kastelic JP, Han B, Tong X, Gao J. Alternatives to antibiotics for treatment of mastitis in dairy cows. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1160350. [PMID: 37404775 PMCID: PMC10315858 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1160350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is considered the costliest disease on dairy farms and also adversely affects animal welfare. As treatment (and to a lesser extent prevention) of mastitis rely heavily on antibiotics, there are increasing concerns in veterinary and human medicine regarding development of antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, with genes conferring resistance being capable of transfer to heterologous strains, reducing resistance in strains of animal origin should have positive impacts on humans. This article briefly reviews potential roles of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), herbal medicines, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), bacteriophages and their lytic enzymes, vaccination and other emerging therapies for prevention and treatment of mastitis in dairy cows. Although many of these approaches currently lack proven therapeutic efficacy, at least some may gradually replace antibiotics, especially as drug-resistant bacteria are proliferating globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingchun Liang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - John P. Kastelic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Tong
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Locatelli C, Gattolin S, Monistero V, Castiglioni B, Moroni P, Addis MF, Cremonesi P. Staphylococcus aureus coa gene sequence analysis can prevent misidentification of coagulase-negative strains and contribute to their control in dairy cow herds. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1120305. [PMID: 37250045 PMCID: PMC10213915 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1120305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate and precise differentiation of staphylococci isolated from milk is of importance for udder health management. In particular, the rapid and specific identification of Staphylococcus aureus plays an essential role in the prevention and treatment programs for bovine mastitis. Plasma gelatinization in coagulase assays is routinely used to discriminate S. aureus from other species by detecting the presence of extracellular free staphylocoagulase. However, rarely occurring coagulase-deficient S. aureus strains can be responsible for clinical and subclinical mastitis cases. By investigating S. aureus isolates from a single herd over a 10-year period we identified the persistence of a phenotypically coagulase-negative S. aureus strain and pinpointed the possible cause to a single base pair deletion in the coa gene sequence. Our results support the need to integrate primary biochemical tests with molecular/sequence analysis approaches for correctly identifying and discriminating atypical S. aureus in bovine herds, as the coagulase test alone may fail to detect persistent mastitis-causing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Locatelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Stefano Gattolin
- Italian National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Lodi, Italy
| | - Valentina Monistero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Bianca Castiglioni
- Italian National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Lodi, Italy
| | - Paolo Moroni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Maria Filippa Addis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Paola Cremonesi
- Italian National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Lodi, Italy
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Peptidomic changes in the milk of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) with intramammary infection by non-aureus staphylococci. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8371. [PMID: 35589845 PMCID: PMC9120474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis by non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) is a significant issue in dairy buffalo farming. In a herd with subclinical NAS mastitis, we identified Staphylococcus microti as the predominant species. To assess milk protein integrity and investigate potential disease markers, we characterized 12 NAS-positive and 12 healthy quarter milk samples by shotgun peptidomics combining peptide enrichment and high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). We observed significant changes in the milk peptidome. Out of 789 total peptides identified in each group, 49 and 44 were unique or increased in NAS-positive and healthy milk, respectively. In NAS-positive milk, the differential peptides belonged mainly to caseins, followed by milk fat globule membrane proteins (MFGMP) and by the immune defense/antimicrobial proteins osteopontin, lactoperoxidase, and serum amyloid A. In healthy milk, these belonged mainly to MFGMP, followed by caseins. In terms of abundance, peptides from MFGMP and immune defense protein were higher in NAS-positive milk, while peptides from caseins were higher in healthy milk. These findings highlight the impact of NAS on buffalo milk quality and mammary gland health, even when clinical signs are not evident, and underscore the need for clarifying the epidemiology and relevance of the different NAS species in this dairy ruminant.
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