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Ki MR, Youn S, Kim DH, Pack SP. Natural Compounds for Preventing Age-Related Diseases and Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7530. [PMID: 39062777 PMCID: PMC11276798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifaceted process influenced by hereditary factors, lifestyle, and environmental elements. As time progresses, the human body experiences degenerative changes in major functions. The external and internal signs of aging manifest in various ways, including skin dryness, wrinkles, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Additionally, cancer, like aging, is a complex disease that arises from the accumulation of various genetic and epigenetic alterations. Circadian clock dysregulation has recently been identified as an important risk factor for aging and cancer development. Natural compounds and herbal medicines have gained significant attention for their potential in preventing age-related diseases and inhibiting cancer progression. These compounds demonstrate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic effects as well as circadian clock regulation. This review explores age-related diseases, cancers, and the potential of specific natural compounds in targeting the key features of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ran Ki
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
- Institute of Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Youn
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
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Luo B, Song J, Zhang J, Han J, Zhou X, Chen L. The contribution of circadian clock to the biological processes. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1387576. [PMID: 38903177 PMCID: PMC11187296 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1387576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
All organisms have various circadian, behavioral, and physiological 24-h periodic rhythms, which are controlled by the circadian clock. The circadian clock controls various behavioral and physiological rhythms. In mammals, the primary circadian clock is present in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. The rhythm of the circadian clock is controlled by the interaction between negative and positive feedback loops, consisting of crucial clock regulators (including Bmal1 and Clock), three cycles (mPer1, mPer2, and mPer3), and two cryptochromes (Cry1 and Cry2). The development of early mammalian embryos is an ordered and complex biological process that includes stages from fertilized eggs to blastocysts and undergoes important morphological changes, such as blastocyst formation, cell multiplication, and compaction. The circadian clock affects the onset and timing of embryonic development. The circadian clock affects many biological processes, including eating time, immune function, sleep, energy metabolism, and endocrinology, therefore, it is also crucial for overall health, growth and development after birth. This review summarized the effects of the circadian clock in the body's physiological activities. A new strategy is proposed for the prevention of malformations or diseases by regulating the circadian clock or changing circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangyuan Song
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Han
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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Wada K, Hattori A, Maruyama Y, Mori T, Sugino M, Nakashima Y, Yamakawa M, Yamamoto M, Hori A, Seishima M, Tanabashi S, Matsushita S, Nagata C. Dietary melatonin and liver cancer incidence in Japan: From the Takayama study. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1688-1694. [PMID: 38356184 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
There is some biological plausibility that exogenous melatonin plays a role in preventing liver carcinogenesis. There has been little research on the association between melatonin intake in a normal diet and health outcomes. We evaluated the association between dietary melatonin intake and the incidence of liver cancer in a population-based prospective study in Japan. This study included 30,824 residents of Takayama city who were 35 years of age or older in 1992 and had participated in the Takayama study, Japan. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire at the baseline. Melatonin content in foods was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Cancer incidence was confirmed through regional population-based cancer registries in Gifu. Liver cancer was defined as code C22 according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision. Hazard ratios for liver cancer were estimated for the tertile groups of melatonin intake using a Cox proportional hazards model. During the mean follow-up period of 13.6 years, 189 individuals developed liver cancer. Compared with subjects in the lowest tertile of melatonin intake, those in the middle and highest tertiles had decreased risks of liver cancer, with a significant linear trend after multivariate adjustments (hazard ratios: 0.64 and 0.65, respectively, trend p = 0.023). There was no significant interaction by sex (interaction p = 0.54). This initial finding, which needs to be confirmed by further studies, suggests that consuming melatonin-containing foods might play a role in the prevention of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Wada
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hattori
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Maruyama
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoka Mori
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sugino
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuma Nakashima
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Michiyo Yamakawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | | | | | - Mitsuru Seishima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Takayama Red Cross Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tanabashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Takayama Red Cross Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Chisato Nagata
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Procópio de Oliveira C, Frigieri BM, Fukumasu H, Chuffa LGDA, Novais AA, Zuccari DAPDC. Potential Protective Role of Melatonin in Benign Mammary Cells Reprogrammed by Extracellular Vesicles from Malignant Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2837. [PMID: 37893209 PMCID: PMC10604164 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Mammary neoplasms in female dogs share many similarities with the same tumor class in humans, rendering these animals a valuable preclinical model for studying novel therapies against breast cancer. The intricate role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, in breast carcinogenesis, by transferring specific proteins to recipient cells within the tumor microenvironment, underscores their significance. Melatonin, a hormone recognized for its antitumor effects, adds another layer of intrigue. (2) Methods: EVs obtained from the plasma of dogs diagnosed with mammary tumors were co cultivated with the benign epithelial lineage E-20 using DMEM. The experiment comprised four 24 h treatment groups: control, EVs, melatonin, and EVs + melatonin. A series of assays were conducted, including colony formation, proliferation, and cellular migration assessments. Furthermore, we conducted colony formation, proliferation, and cellular migration assays. We performed immunohistochemistry for proteins of the mTOR pathway, including mTOR and AKT. (3) Results: Exosomes alone significantly increased proliferation, migration, and colony formation rates and, upregulated the expression of mTOR and AKT proteins. However, when melatonin was added, a protective effect was observed. (4) Conclusions: These findings contributed to the use of melatonin to modulate EV-mediated signaling in the clinical veterinary oncology of mammary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Procópio de Oliveira
- Cancer Molecular Research Laboratory (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto—FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (C.P.d.O.); (B.M.F.)
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto—FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Barbara Maria Frigieri
- Cancer Molecular Research Laboratory (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto—FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (C.P.d.O.); (B.M.F.)
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences (IBILCE) UNESP, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Heidge Fukumasu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil;
| | - Adriana Alonso Novais
- Institute of Health Sciences (ICS), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Sinop 78550-728, RS, Brazil;
| | - Debora Aparecida Pires de Campos Zuccari
- Cancer Molecular Research Laboratory (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto—FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (C.P.d.O.); (B.M.F.)
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences (IBILCE) UNESP, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
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Bakr BA, Sadek IA, El-Samad LM, El Wakil A. Switchable hepatic organelles aberrations in DEN-induced mice under the influence of chemically characterized silk sericin. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102101. [PMID: 37141749 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assessing the beneficial effects of silk sericin against hepatic injury induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). METHODS Aiming at promoting sericin as a natural product able to counteract the hazards of toxic elements, HPLC profile was conducted on the extracted sericin sample versus the standard one to qualitatively identify it. Following sericin treatment on human HepG2 liver cancer cells, many parameters were analyzed in vitro including cell viability, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis. Hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as histopathological and ultrastructure changes were evaluated in vivo in the different experimental groups. RESULTS Sericin exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells with an IC50 of 14.12 + 0.75 μg/mL. The hepatotoxicity of DEN was manifested in mice by increased pro-inflammatory markers (IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α), decreased IL-10, liver structure deterioration, and characteristic histopathological and ultrastructure changes. Sericin administration reversed most of the observed alterations inflected by DEN. CONCLUSIONS Our results substantiate the sericin's powerful apoptotic impact in vitro. In experimental mice, combination treatment using sericin together with melatonin appears to be more potent in mitigating the adverse effects of DEN. However, further investigations are needed to identify the underlying mechanism of action and complement the knowledge about the expected medicinal values of sericin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basant A Bakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ismail A Sadek
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Lamia M El-Samad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, 21526 Alexandria, Egypt.
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Hamed AR, Yahya SMM, Nabih HK. Anti-drug resistance, anti-inflammation, and anti-proliferation activities mediated by melatonin in doxorubicin-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma: in vitro investigations. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1117-1128. [PMID: 36651944 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02385-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major life-threatening primary liver malignancy in both sexes all over the world. Unfortunately, the majority of patients are diagnosed at later stages because HCC does not elicit obvious symptoms during its early incidence. Consequently, most individuals escape the first-line HCC treatments and are treated with chemotherapy. Regrettably, the therapeutic outcomes for those patients are usually poor because of the development of multidrug resistance phenomena. Furthermore, most anti-HCC therapies cause severe undesired side effects that notably interfere with the life quality of such patients. Accordingly, there is an important need to search for an alternative therapeutic drug or adjuvant which is more efficient with safe or even minimal side effects for HCC treatment. Melatonin was recently reported to exert intrinsic antitumor activity in different cancers. However, the regulatory pathways underlying the antitumor activity of melatonin are poorly understood in resistant liver cells. Furthermore, a limited number of studies have addressed the therapeutic role of melatonin in HCC cells resistant to doxorubicin chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effects of melatonin in doxorubicin-resistant HepG2 cells and explored the regulatory pivotal targets underlying these effects. To achieve our aim, an MTT assay was used to calculate the 50% inhibitory concentration of melatonin and evaluate its antiproliferative effect on resistant cells. Additionally, qRT-PCR was used to quantify genes having a role in drug resistance phenotype (ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCC3, ABCC4, ABCC5, and ABCG2); apoptosis (caspases-3, and -7, Bcl2, Bax, and p53); anti-oxidation (NRF2); expression of melatonin receptors (MT1, MT2, and MT3); besides, programmed death receptor PD-1 gene. The active form of the caspase-3 enzyme was estimated by ELISA. A human inflammatory antibody membrane array was employed to quantify forty inflammatory factors expressed in treated cells. We observed that melatonin inhibited the proliferation of doxorubicin-resistant HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner after 24-h incubation time with a calculated IC50 greater than 10 mM (13.4 mM), the expression levels of genes involved in drug resistance response (ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC5, and ABCG2) were downregulated. Also, the expression of caspase-3, Caspase-7, NRF2, and p53 genes were expressed at higher levels as compared to control (DMSO-treated cells). An active form of caspase-3 was confirmed by ELISA. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effect of melatonin was detected through the calculated fold change to control which was reduced for various mediators that have a role in the inflammation pathway. The current findings introduce melatonin as a promising anti-cancer treatment for human-resistant HCC which could be used in combination with current chemotherapeutic regimens to improve the outcome and reduce the developed multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Hamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, and Biology Unit, Central Laboratory for Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa M M Yahya
- Hormones Department, Medicine and Clinical Studies Research Institute, and Stem Cell Lab, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Heba K Nabih
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medicine and Clinical Studies Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
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Melatonin alleviates alcoholic liver disease via EGFR-BRG1-TERT axis regulation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:100-112. [PMID: 36815038 PMCID: PMC9939303 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption causes liver steatosis, cell death, and inflammation. Melatonin (MLT) is reported to alleviate alcoholic liver disease (ALD)-induced injury. However, its direct regulating targets in hepatocytes are not fully understood. In the current study, a cell-based screening model and a chronic ethanol-fed mice ALD model were used to test the protective mechanisms of MLT. MLT ameliorated ethanol-induced hepatocyte injury in both cell and animal models (optimal doses of 10 μmol/L and 5 mg/kg, respectively), including lowered liver steatosis, cell death, and inflammation. RNA-seq analysis and loss-of-function studies in AML-12 cells revealed that telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) was a key downstream effector of MLT. Biophysical assay found that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on the hepatocyte surface was a direct binding and regulating target of MLT. Liver specific knock-down of Tert or Egfr in the ALD mice model impaired MLT-mediated liver protection, partly through the regulation of nuclear brahma-related gene-1 (BRG1). Long-term administration (90 days) of MLT in healthy mice did not cause evident adverse effect. In conclusion, MLT is an efficacious and safe agent for ALD alleviation. Its direct regulating target in hepatocytes is EGFR and downstream BRG1-TERT axis. MLT might be used as a complimentary agent for alcoholics.
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Khalid W, Arshad MS, Aziz A, Rahim M, Qaisrani TB, Afzal F, Ali A, Ranjha MMAN, Khalid MZ, Anjum F. Chia seeds ( Salvia hispanica L.): A therapeutic weapon in metabolic disorders. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:3-16. [PMID: 36655089 PMCID: PMC9834868 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of functional components containing agricultural foods is enhancing because these components aid the human body against different chronic diseases. Currently, chia seeds basically belong to the mint family and are edible seeds of Salvia hispanica. These seeds are composed of different functional components including fiber, polyphenols, antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acid vitamins, minerals, and peptides. Besides, these seeds are also a good source of vegetable protein, unsaturated fat, carbohydrates, and ash. Chia seed components are helpful in cardiovascular disease (CVD) by reducing blood pressure, platelet aggregation, cholesterol, and oxidation. In GI-tract-related diseases like diabetes and constipation, chia fiber reduces the blood glucose level and provides bulk to stool. However, antioxidants and polyphenols are protected beta cells of the pancreas from inflammation. These components are protected from the cell damage of the different body parts, which can provide help in different types of cancer including breast, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic. Conclusively, some pervious studies approved that chia seed components are played important role in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid Arshad
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Afifa Aziz
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdul Rahim
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Tahira Batool Qaisrani
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and TechnologyGhazi UniversityDera Ghazi KhanPakistan
| | - Fareed Afzal
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Anwar Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityHunanChina
| | | | | | - Faqir Muhammad Anjum
- Islamic Food and Nutrition Council of AmericaIFANCA Halal Apex, Private LimitedFaisalabadPakistan
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Bai L, Sun S, Su W, Chen C, Lv Y, Zhang J, Zhao J, Li M, Qi Y, Zhang W, Wang Y. Melatonin inhibits HCC progression through regulating the alternative splicing of NEMO. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1007006. [PMID: 36225557 PMCID: PMC9548564 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1007006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common primary cancers with limited therapeutic options. Melatonin, a neuroendocrine hormone produced primarily by the pineal gland, demonstrates an anti-cancer effect on a myriad of cancers including HCC. However, whether melatonin could suppress tumor growth through regulating RNA alternative splicing remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrated that melatonin could inhibit the growth of HCC. Mechanistically, melatonin induced transcriptional alterations of genes, which are involved in DNA replication, DNA metabolic process, DNA repair, response to wounding, steroid metabolic process, and extracellular matrix functions. Importantly, melatonin controlled numerous cancer-related RNA alternative splicing events, regulating mitotic cell cycle, microtubule-based process, kinase activity, DNA metabolic process, GTPase regulator activity functions. The regulatory effect of melatonin on alternative splicing is partially mediated by melatonin receptor MT1. Specifically, melatonin regulates the splicing of IKBKG (NEMO), an essential modulator of NF-κB. In brief, melatonin increased the production of the long isoform of NEMO-L with exon 5 inclusion, thereby inhibiting the growth of HepG2 cells. Collectively, our study provides a novel mechanism of melatonin in regulating RNA alternative splicing, and offers a new perspective for melatonin in the inhibition of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Bai
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Siwen Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenmei Su
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chaoqun Chen
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuesheng Lv
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinyao Zhao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yangfan Qi
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Yangfan Qi, ; Wenjing Zhang, ; Yang Wang,
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Yangfan Qi, ; Wenjing Zhang, ; Yang Wang,
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yangfan Qi, ; Wenjing Zhang, ; Yang Wang,
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Targhazeh N, Hutt KJ, Winship AL, Reiter R, Yousefi B. Melatonin as an oncostatic agent: Review of the modulation of tumor microenvironment and overcoming multidrug resistance. Biochimie 2022; 202:71-84. [PMID: 36116742 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Multi drug resistance (MDR) generally limits the efficacy of chemotherapy in cancer patients and can be categorized into primary or acquired resistance. Melatonin (MLT), a lipophilic hormone released from pineal gland, is a molecule with oncostatic effects. Here, we will briefly review the contribution of different microenvironmental components including fibroblasts, immune and inflammatory cells, stem cells and vascular endothelial cells in tumor initiation, progression and development. Then, the mechanisms by which MLT can potentially affect these elements and regulate drug resistance will be presented. Finally, we will explain how different studies have used novel strategies incorporating MLT to suppress cancer resistance against therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Targhazeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Karla J Hutt
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy L Winship
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Russel Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Liu S, Kang W, Mao X, Ge L, Du H, Li J, Hou L, Liu D, Yin Y, Liu Y, Huang K. Melatonin mitigates aflatoxin B1-induced liver injury via modulation of gut microbiota/intestinal FXR/liver TLR4 signaling axis in mice. J Pineal Res 2022; 73:e12812. [PMID: 35652241 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a widespread contaminant in foods and feedstuffs, and its target organ is the liver. Melatonin (MT) has been shown to alleviate inflammation in organs and remodel gut microbiota in animals and humans. However, the underlying mechanism by which MT alleviates AFB1-induced liver injury remains unclear. In the present study, MT pretreatment markedly increased the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1), decreased intestinal permeability, reduced production of gut-derived Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and remodeled gut microbiota, ultimately alleviated AFB1-induced liver injury in mice. Interestingly, MT pretreatment failed to exert beneficial effects on the intestine and liver in antibiotic-treated mice. Meanwhile, MT pretreatment significantly increased the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) protein expression of ileum, and decreased the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway-related messenger RNA (mRNA) and proteins (TLR4, MyD88, p-p65, and p-IκBα) expression in livers of AFB1-exposed mice. Subsequently, pretreatment by Gly-β-MCA, an intestine-selective FXR inhibitor, blocked the alleviating effect of MT on liver injury through increasing the liver-specific expression of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway-related mRNA and proteins (TLR4, MyD88, p-p65, and p-IκBα). In conclusion, MT pretreatment ameliorated AFB1-induced liver injury and the potential mechanism may be related to regulate gut microbiota/intestinal FXR/liver TLR4 signaling axis, which provides a strong evidence for the protection of gut-derived liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weili Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinru Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunhuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms are approximately 24-hour cycles of variation in physiological processes, gene expression, and behavior. They result from the interplay of internal biological clocks with daily environmental rhythms, including light/dark and feeding/fasting. Note that 24-hour rhythms of liver metabolic processes have been known for almost 100 years. Modern studies reveal that, like metabolism, hepatic gene expression is highly rhythmic. Genetic or environmental changes can disrupt the circadian rhythms of the liver, leading to metabolic disorders and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of mechanisms regulating rhythmic gene expression in the liver, highlighting the roles of transcription factors that comprise the core clock molecular as well as noncanonical regulators. We emphasize the plasticity of circadian rhythms in the liver as it responds to multiple inputs from the external and internal environments as well as the potential of circadian medicine to impact liver-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyin Guan
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Correspondence: Dongyin Guan, PhD (); Mitchell A. Lazar, MD, PhD ()
| | - Mitchell A. Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Correspondence: Dongyin Guan, PhD (); Mitchell A. Lazar, MD, PhD ()
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Liu WC, Pushparaj K, Meyyazhagan A, Arumugam VA, Pappusamy M, Bhotla HK, Baskaran R, Issara U, Balasubramanian B, Khaneghah AM. Ochratoxin A as alarming health in livestock and human: A review on molecular interactions, mechanism of toxicity, detection, detoxification, and dietary prophylaxis. Toxicon 2022; 213:59-75. [PMID: 35452686 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic metabolite produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi commonly found in raw plant sources and other feeds. This review comprises an extensive evaluation of the origin and proprieties of OTA, toxicokinetics, biotransformation, and toxicodynamics of ochratoxins. In in vitro and in vivo studies, the compatibility of OTA with oxidative stress is observed through the production of free radicals, resulting in genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The OTA leads to nephrotoxicity as the chief target organ is the kidney. Other OTA excretion and absorption rates are observed, and the routes of elimination include faeces, urine, and breast milk. The alternations in the Phe moiety of OTA are the precursor for the amino acid alternation, bringing about Phe-hydroxylase and Phe-tRNA synthase, resulting in the complete dysfunction of cellular metabolism. Biodetoxification using specific microorganisms decreased the DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and cytotoxicity. This review addressed the ability of antioxidants and the dietary components as prophylactic measures to encounter toxicity and demonstrated their capability to counteract the chronic exposure through supplementation as feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chao Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Karthika Pushparaj
- Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arun Meyyazhagan
- Department of Life Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560076, India.
| | - Vijaya Anand Arumugam
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikantan Pappusamy
- Department of Life Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560076, India
| | - Haripriya Kuchi Bhotla
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Rathinasamy Baskaran
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Utthapon Issara
- Division of Food Science and Technology Management, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | | | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Hagström A, Kal Omar R, Williams PA, Stålhammar G. The rationale for treating uveal melanoma with adjuvant melatonin: a review of the literature. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:398. [PMID: 35413810 PMCID: PMC9006630 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveal melanoma is a rare form of cancer with high mortality. The incidence of metastases is attributed to early seeding of micrometastases from the eye to distant organs, primarily the liver. Once these seeded clusters of dormant tumor cells grow into larger radiologically detectable macrometastases, median patient survival is about 1 year. Melatonin is an important hormone for synchronizing circadian rhythms. It is also involved in other aspects of human physiology and may offer therapeutic benefits for a variety of diseases including cancer. METHODS Articles involving the physiological effects of melatonin, pharmacokinetics, and previous use in cancer studies were acquired using a comprehensive literature search in the Medline (PubMed) and Web of Science databases. In total, 147 publications were selected and included in the review. RESULTS Melatonin has been observed to suppress the growth of cancer cells, inhibit metastatic spread, enhance immune system functions, and act as an anti-inflammatory in both in vitro and in vivo models. Melatonin may also enhance the efficacy of cancer treatments such as immuno- and chemotherapy. Numerous studies have shown promising results for oral melatonin supplementation in patients with other forms of cancer including cutaneous malignant melanoma. Cell line and animal studies support a hypothesis in which similar benefits may exist for uveal melanoma. CONCLUSIONS Given its low cost, good safety profile, and limited side effects, there may be potential for the use of melatonin as an adjuvant oncostatic treatment. Future avenues of research could include clinical trials to evaluate the effect of melatonin in prevention of macrometastases of uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hagström
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, D1:04, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ruba Kal Omar
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, D1:04, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pete A Williams
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustav Stålhammar
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- St. Erik Eye Hospital, Box 4078, 171 04, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Bantounou M, Plascevic J, Galley HF. Melatonin and Related Compounds: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Actions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030532. [PMID: 35326182 PMCID: PMC8944604 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, an indoleamine derived from tryptophan and produced in the pineal gland and other tissues [...].
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16
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Pu B, Yu X, Cao Y, Li Y, Tang L, Xia J. miR-381 Reverses Multidrug Resistance by Negative Regulation of the CTNNB1/ABCB1 Pathway in HepG2/Dox Cells, and the Diagnostic and Prognostic Values of CTNNB1/ ABCB1 Are Identified in Patients with LIHC. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1584-1596. [PMID: 34931867 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the biggest challenge in cancer therapy. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanism of MDR in human liver cancer and explored the related diagnostic and prognostic values of the targeted genes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. We constructed a multidrug-resistant liver cancer cell line, HepG2/Dox, using the parental subline HepG2. The (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay was used to test the viability of the liver cancer cells. Western blotting was performed to test the expression of ABCB1, β-catenin, and β-actin. Luciferase assays were performed to confirm the relationship between miR-381 and its target genes. The diagnostic and prognostic values of target genes were analyzed using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression were performed to evaluate the association between ABCB1 or CTNNB1 expression and clinical features in patients with liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). Finally, Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to test the effect of ABCB1 or CTNNB1 expression on the overall survival of patients with LIHC. ABCB1 expression was upregulated in HepG2/Dox cells. ABCB1 was found to be a direct target of hsa-miR-381 and was negatively regulated by has-miR-381. Moreover, hsa-miR-381 directly targeted the CTNNB1 3' UTR and decreased the luciferase activity of CTNNB1. Transfection with miR-183 partially reversed chemotherapeutic drug resistance by downregulating the expression of ABCB1 and CTNNB1 in HepG2/Dox cells. Spearman's analysis results showed that CTNNB1 and ABCB1 were positively correlated in patients with liver cancer, and increased CTNNB1 and ABCB1 expression occurred in patients with liver cancer. High expression of ABCB1 and CTNNB1 indicated poor prognosis in patients with liver cancer; however, neither ABCB1 nor CTNNB1 expression was an independent diagnostic factor in patients with LIHC. Overexpression of hsa-miR-381 partially reversed the MDR of HepG2 cells by directly targeting and negatively regulating the expression of CTTNB1 and ABCB1. Moreover, high expression of ABCB1 or CTNNB1 indicated poor prognosis in patients with liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangming Pu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, and The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of SouthWest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of SouthWest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Tang
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of SouthWest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiyi Xia
- School of Medical Information and Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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17
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Yu Y, Chen D, Zhao Y, Zhu J, Dong X. Melatonin ameliorates hepatic steatosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in db/db mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211036819. [PMID: 34399601 PMCID: PMC8375339 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211036819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is commonly accompanied by obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), yet the mechanism underlying diabetes-related NAFLD is not fully understood. It has been reported that melatonin can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. This study aims to investigate the actions and mechanisms of melatonin toward the development of diabetes-related NAFLD. Methods: Melatonin (bid, 30 mg/kg/day, i.p.) was administrated to db/db mice for 8 weeks, while saline was administrated to db/m mice. The metabolic parameters of mice were measured using an automatic biochemistry analyzer. The oxidative stress indexes and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were determined with kits. Pathological assessment in liver tissues was used to analyze the effects of melatonin on hepatic steatosis. The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were detected with ELISA kits. The mRNA levels of NLRP3 inflammasome were detected using quantitative real-time PCR assay, and protein expressions were estimated using Western blotting assay. Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate the caspase-1 expression in the liver. Results: Melatonin treatment significantly reduced blood glucose, serum insulin, body weight, related liver weight, serum lipids, and hepatic enzymes in db/db mice. Melatonin markedly corrected the NAFLD phenotypes, including lipid accumulation, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and oxidative stress levels. Melatonin significantly improved the MMP level and decreased the serum IL-1β and IL-18 concentrations. The mRNA levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome could also be remarkably reversed by melatonin in the liver tissues. The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was also suppressed, evidenced by the downregulated proteins of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. The enhanced fluorescence intensity of caspase-1 in the liver tissues was also obviously weakened by the melatonin treatment. Conclusion: Our study concluded that melatonin could safeguard against NAFLD by improving hepatic steatosis in db/db mice, and this action could be associated with the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongru Chen
- Community Health Service Center of Suoqian Town, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shi XT, Zhu HL, Xu XF, Xiong YW, Dai LM, Zhou GX, Liu WB, Zhang YF, Xu DX, Wang H. Gestational cadmium exposure impairs placental angiogenesis via activating GC/GR signaling. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112632. [PMID: 34411824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gestational exposure to environmental Cd caused placental angiogenesis impairment and fetal growth restriction (FGR). However, its mechanism remained unclear. This study was to investigate the effects of Cd exposure during pregnancy on placental angiogenesis and its mechanism. Pregnant mice were exposed to CdCl2 (4.5 mg/kg) on gestational day (GD) 8 with or without melatonin (MT) (5.0 mg/kg), an anti-endoplasmic reticulum stress agent, from GD7 to GD15. Human primary placental trophoblasts and JEG-3 cells were stimulated using CdCl2 (20 μM) after MT (1 mM) preprocessing. We firstly found MT treatment obviously mitigated environmental Cd-induced placental angiogenesis disorder and reduction of the VEGF-A level. Mechanistically, MT reversed environmental Cd-downregulated the protein expression of VEGF-A via inhibiting glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation. Notably, our data showed MT treatment antagonized Cd-activated GC/GR signaling via blocking PERK signaling and thereby upregulated VEGF-A and 11β-HSD2 protein expression. Based upon the population case-control study, the levels of VEGF-A and 11β-HSD2 protein in small-for-gestational-age placentae were significantly reduced when compared to appropriate-for-gestational-age placentae. Overall, environmental Cd exposure during gestation impaired placental angiogenesis via PERK-regulated GC/GR signaling in placental trophoblasts. Our findings will provide a basis for prevention and treatment of placental impairments and fetal growth restriction caused by environment toxicants in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ting Shi
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Hua-Long Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui, China
| | - Yong-Wei Xiong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Li-Min Dai
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Guo-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Wei-Bo Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China.
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The Impact of Melatonin Supplementation and NLRP3 Inflammasome Deletion on Age-Accompanied Cardiac Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081269. [PMID: 34439517 PMCID: PMC8389221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiac aging, we evaluate here morphological and ultrastructural age-related changes of cardiac muscles fibers in wild-type and NLRP3-knockout mice, as well as studying the beneficial effect of melatonin therapy. The results clarified the beginning of the cardiac sarcopenia at the age of 12 months, with hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes, increased expression of β-MHC, appearance of small necrotic fibers, decline of cadiomyocyte number, destruction of mitochondrial cristae, appearance of small-sized residual bodies, and increased apoptotic nuclei ratio. These changes were progressed in the cardiac myocytes of 24 old mice, accompanied by excessive collagen deposition, higher expressions of IL-1α, IL-6, and TNFα, complete mitochondrial vacuolation and damage, myofibrils disorganization, multivesicular bodies formation, and nuclear fragmentation. Interestingly, cardiac myocytes of NLRP3-/- mice showed less detectable age-related changes compared with WT mice. Oral melatonin therapy preserved the normal cardiomyocytes structure, restored cardiomyocytes number, and reduced β-MHC expression of cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, melatonin recovered mitochondrial architecture, reduced apoptosis and multivesicular bodies' formation, and decreased expressions of β-MHC, IL-1α, and IL-6. Fewer cardiac sarcopenic changes and highly remarkable protective effects of melatonin treatment detected in aged cardiomyocytes of NLRP3-/- mice compared with aged WT animals, confirming implication of the NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiac aging. Thus, NLRP3 suppression and melatonin therapy may be therapeutic approaches for age-related cardiac sarcopenia.
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Chang HM, Lin HC, Cheng HL, Liao CK, Tseng TJ, Renn TY, Lan CT, Chen LY. Melatonin Successfully Rescues the Hippocampal Molecular Machinery and Enhances Anti-oxidative Activity Following Early-Life Sleep Deprivation Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050774. [PMID: 34068192 PMCID: PMC8153000 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life sleep deprivation (ESD) is a serious condition with severe cognitive sequelae. Considering hippocampus plays an essential role in cognitive regulation, the present study aims to determine whether melatonin, a neuroendocrine beard with significant anti-oxidative activity, would greatly depress the hippocampal oxidative stress, improves the molecular machinery, and consequently exerts the neuro-protective effects following ESD. Male weanling Wistar rats (postnatal day 21) were subjected to ESD for three weeks. During this period, the animals were administered normal saline or melatonin (10 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection between 09:00 and 09:30 daily. After three cycles of ESD, the animals were kept under normal sleep/wake cycle until they reached adulthood and were sacrificed. The results indicated that ESD causes long-term effects, such as impairment of ionic distribution, interruption of the expressions of neurotransmitters and receptors, decreases in the levels of several antioxidant enzymes, and impairment of several signaling pathways, which contribute to neuronal death in hippocampal regions. Melatonin administration during ESD prevented these effects. Quantitative evaluation of cells also revealed a higher number of neurons in the melatonin-treated animals when compared with the saline-treated animals. As the hippocampus is critical to cognitive activity, preserving or even improving the hippocampal molecular machinery by melatonin during ESD not only helps us to better understand the underlying mechanisms of ESD-induced neuronal dysfunction, but also the therapeutic use of melatonin to counteract ESD-induced neuronal deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Ming Chang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-M.C.); (T.-Y.R.)
| | - Hsing-Chun Lin
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (H.-L.C.)
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lin Cheng
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (H.-L.C.)
| | - Chih-Kai Liao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (T.-J.T.); (C.-T.L.)
| | - To-Jung Tseng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (T.-J.T.); (C.-T.L.)
| | - Ting-Yi Renn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-M.C.); (T.-Y.R.)
| | - Chyn-Tair Lan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (T.-J.T.); (C.-T.L.)
| | - Li-You Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (T.-J.T.); (C.-T.L.)
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2473-0022 (ext. 11602)
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Reiter RJ, Sharma R, Rodriguez C, Martin V, Rosales-Corral S, Zuccari DAPDC, Chuffa LGDA. Part-time cancers and role of melatonin in determining their metabolic phenotype. Life Sci 2021; 278:119597. [PMID: 33974932 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This brief review describes the association of the endogenous pineal melatonin rhythm with the metabolic flux of solid tumors, particularly breast cancer. It also summarizes new information on the potential mechanisms by which endogenously-produced or exogenously-administered melatonin impacts the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells. The evidence indicates that solid tumors may redirect their metabolic phenotype from the pathological Warburg-type metabolism during the day to the healthier mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation on a nightly basis. Thus, they function as cancer cells only during the day and as healthier cells at night, that is, they are only part-time cancerous. This switch to oxidative phosphorylation at night causes cancer cells to exhibit a reduced tumor phenotype and less likely to rapidly proliferate or to become invasive or metastatic. Also discussed is the likelihood that some solid tumors are especially aggressive during the day and much less so at night due to the nocturnal rise in melatonin which determines their metabolic state. We further propose that when melatonin is used/tested in clinical trials, a specific treatment paradigm be used that is consistent with the temporal metabolic changes in tumor metabolism. Finally, it seems likely that the concurrent use of melatonin in combination with conventional chemotherapies also would improve cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Ramaswamy Sharma
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Carmen Rodriguez
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Vanesa Martin
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Sergio Rosales-Corral
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara CP 45150, Mexico
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Toxicology of Blister Agents: Is Melatonin a Potential Therapeutic Option? Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9020027. [PMID: 33920224 PMCID: PMC8167553 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blister or vesicant chemical warfare agents (CWAs) have been widely used in different military conflicts, including World War I and the Iran-Iraq War. However, their mechanism of action is not fully understood. Sulfur and nitrogen mustard exert toxic effects not only through the alkylation of thiol-bearing macromolecules, such as DNA and proteins, but also produce free radicals that can develop direct toxic effects in target organs such as the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. The lack of effective treatments against vesicant CWAs-induced injury makes us consider, in this complex scenario, the use and development of melatonin-based therapeutic strategies. This multifunctional indoleamine could facilitate neutralization of the oxidative stress, modulate the inflammatory response, and prevent the DNA damage, as well as the long-term health consequences mediated by vesicant CWAs-induced epigenetic mechanisms. In this context, it would be essential to develop new galenic formulations for the use of orally and/or topically applied melatonin for the prophylaxis against vesicant CWAs, as well as the development of post-exposure treatments in the near future.
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Pineal Gland Tumors: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071547. [PMID: 33801639 PMCID: PMC8036741 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pineal neoplasms are tumors with different and variable morphological, histological, and radiological characteristics and, consequently different diagnosis and management. Due to their rarity, pineal tumors may be misdiagnosed. Pineal tumors, are divided into germ cell tumors, pineal parenchymal tumors and tumors that derive from adjacent structures. In this review, we report the clinical relevance of the main pineal gland tumors, underlining the importance of studying the triggering causes of pineal region carcinogenesis, to realize appropriate diagnosis and, consequently, better clinical management. Abstract The pineal gland is a small, pinecone-shaped endocrine gland that participates in the biological rhythm regulation of vertebrates. The recognized major product of the pineal gland is melatonin—a multifunctional endogenous indoleamine. Accumulating evidence suggests that the pineal gland is important for preserving ideal health conditions in vertebrate. Tumors of the pineal region account for approximately 3–11% of pediatric brain neoplasms but fewer than 1% of brain neoplasms in adults. It is fundamental to expand advanced imaging techniques together with both clinical and laboratory knowledge, to help to differentiate among pineal neoplasms and thus facilitate accurate primary diagnoses and proper therapeutic interventions. In this review, we report the gross anatomy of the pineal gland and its functional significance and discuss the clinical relevance of pineal gland tumors, underlining the importance of identifying the leading causes of pineal region masses.
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Gurunathan S, Qasim M, Kang MH, Kim JH. Role and Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin in Various Type of Cancers. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2019-2052. [PMID: 33776451 PMCID: PMC7987311 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s298512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a large group of diseases and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Lung, prostate, colorectal, stomach, and liver cancers are the most common types of cancer in men, whereas breast, colorectal, lung, cervical, and thyroid cancers are the most common among women. Presently, various treatment strategies, including surgical resection combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, nanotherapy, and immunotherapy, have been used as conventional treatments for patients with cancer. However, the clinical outcomes of advanced-stage disease remain relatively unfavorable owing to the emergence of chemoresistance, toxicity, and other undesired detrimental side effects. Therefore, new therapies to overcome these limitations are indispensable. Recently, there has been considerable evidence from experimental and clinical studies suggesting that melatonin can be used to prevent and treat cancer. Studies have confirmed that melatonin mitigates the pathogenesis of cancer by directly affecting carcinogenesis and indirectly disrupting the circadian cycle. Melatonin (MLT) is nontoxic and exhibits a range of beneficial effects against cancer via apoptotic, antiangiogenic, antiproliferative, and metastasis-inhibitory pathways. The combination of melatonin with conventional drugs improves the drug sensitivity of cancers, including solid and liquid tumors. In this manuscript, we will comprehensively review some of the cellular, animal, and human studies from the literature that provide evidence that melatonin has oncostatic and anticancer properties. Further, this comprehensive review compiles the available experimental and clinical data analyzing the history, epidemiology, risk factors, therapeutic effect, clinical significance, of melatonin alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents or radiotherapy, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms of its anticancer effect against lung, breast, prostate, colorectal, skin, liver, cervical, and ovarian cancers. Nonetheless, in the interest of readership clarity and ease of reading, we have discussed the overall mechanism of the anticancer activity of melatonin against different types of cancer. We have ended this report with general conclusions and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Center of Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Min-Hee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
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