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Owczarzak EJ, Abuelo A. Effect of F-isoprostane class on cow peripheral blood neutrophil microbicidal function in vitro. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 156:105180. [PMID: 38641186 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Isoprostanes (isoP) are formed during conditions of oxidative stress (OS) through the oxidation of cell membrane fatty acids. Different classes of isoP are formed depending on the fatty acid being oxidized but the biological activity of these molecules in innate immune cells is poorly understood. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare in vitro the effects of F2- and F3-isoP on neutrophil microbicidal functions. We isolated neutrophils from 6 dairy cows and incubated them for 8 h at various concentrations of F2- and F3-isoP. Then, microbicidal function was assessed in terms of phagocytosis, respiratory burst, myeloperoxidase activity, and extracellular trap formation. In vitro supplementation with F3-isoP enhanced microbicidal capabilities whereas supplementation with F2-isoP decreased or did not impact these microbe killing functions. Hence, favoring the production of F3- over F2-isoprostanes may be a strategy to augment neutrophils' functional capacity during OS conditions. This should be tested in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Owczarzak
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Angel Abuelo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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2
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Strickland JM, de Campos JL, Jeff G, Mavangira V, Ruegg PL, Sordillo L. A randomized control trial to test the effect of pegbovigrastim treatment at dry off on plasma and milk oxylipid profiles during early mammary gland involution and post-parturient period. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00019-5. [PMID: 38246537 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The early period of mammary gland involution is a critical juncture in the lactation cycle that can have significant effects on milk production and mammary gland health. Pegbovigrastim (PEG) administered 1 wk prior and on the day of parturition can enhance immune function and reduce the incidence of mastitis in the early postpartum period. Oxylipids are potent metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and are important mediators of inflammation. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of PEG given 1 wk before and at the day of dry-off (D0) on concentrations of oxylipids in plasma and milk from 7 d before D0 to 14 after, as well as the effects during the first 14 d of the subsequent lactation. We hypothesized that both pro- and anti-inflammatory oxylipids would vary based on initiation of mammary gland involution and that pegbovigrastim would affect oxylipid concentration, particularly those related to leukocytes. A complete randomized blocked design was used to enroll cows into either a PEG treatment group (n = 10) or control group (n = 10; CON). Blood samples were collected -7, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 d relative to dry-off and 5, 10, and 14 d post-calving. Samples were analyzed for PUFA and oxylipids in milk and plasma by ultra-performance mass-spectrometry and liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry, respectively. Overall, 30 lipid mediators were measured both in milk and plasma. Repeated measures analyses revealed a significant interaction of treatment by time for milk 8-iso-keto-15-prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2α, plasma 8,12-iso-prostaglandin FαVI, 11-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and 12-hydroxyheptadecatienoic acid. The majority of milk PUFA and oxylipids differed significantly during early mammary gland involution and into the early postpartum period. This study demonstrated changes in oxylipids in milk secretions and plasma during early involution and further investigation may illuminate multiple complex processes and reveal targets for optimization of mammary gland involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie M Strickland
- Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, East Lansing, MI, 48824.
| | - Juliana Leite de Campos
- Michigan State University, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Animal Science, East Lansing, MI, 48824
| | - Gandy Jeff
- Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, East Lansing, MI, 48824
| | - Vengai Mavangira
- Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, 50011
| | - Pamela L Ruegg
- Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, East Lansing, MI, 48824
| | - Lorraine Sordillo
- Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, East Lansing, MI, 48824
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Varsha V, Radhika S, Anilkumar G. An Overview of Julia-lythgoe Olefination. Curr Org Synth 2024; 21:97-126. [PMID: 37218208 DOI: 10.2174/1570179420666230510104114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Julia-Lythgoe olefination (or simply Julia olefination) is an olefination process between phenyl sulfones and aldehydes (or ketones) to give alkenes after alcohol functionalization and reductive elimination using sodium amalgam or SmI2. It is mainly used to synthesize E-alkenes and is a key step in numerous total syntheses of many natural products. This review exclusively deals with the Julia-Lythgoe olefination and concentrates mainly on the applications of this reaction in natural product synthesis covering literature up to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayan Varsha
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Sankaran Radhika
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
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Hadi SMH, Majeed S, Ghafil FA, Altoraihi K, Hadi NR. Effect of Sulforaphane on cardiac injury induced by sepsis in a mouse model: Role of toll-like receptor 4. J Med Life 2023; 16:1120-1126. [PMID: 37900081 PMCID: PMC10600659 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
As sepsis is associated with a 50% increase in mortality, sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy has become a critical topic. A multidisciplinary approach is required for the diagnosis and treatment of septic cardiomyopathy. This study looked at Sulforaphane, a natural product that aims to evaluate cardiac function after sepsis, and its likely mechanism of action. Twenty-four adult male Swiss albino mice were randomly divided into 4 equal groups (n=6): sham, CLP, vehicle Sulforaphane (the same amount of DMSO injected IP one hour before the CLP), and Sulforaphane group (one hour before the CLP, a 5mg/kg dose of Sulforaphane was injected). Cardiac tissue levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), pro-inflammatory mediators, anti-inflammatory markers, oxidative stress markers, apoptosis markers, and serum cardiac damage biomarkers were assessed using ELISA. Statistical analyses, including t-tests and ANOVA tests, were performed with a significance level of 0.05 for normally distributed data. Compared to the sham group, the sepsis group had significantly elevated levels of TLR-4, IL-6, TNF-α, MIF, F2-isoprostane, caspase-3, cTn-I, and CK-MB (p<0.05). In contrast, the Sulforaphane pre-treated group demonstrated significantly lower levels of these markers (p<0.05). Additionally, Bcl-2 levels were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the Sulforaphane group. Sulforaphane administration also significantly attenuated cardiac tissue injury (p<0.05). The findings suggest that Sulforaphane can decrease heart damage in male mice during CLP-induced polymicrobial sepsis by suppressing TLR-4/NF-kB downstream signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahar Majeed
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Fadhaa Abdulameer Ghafil
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Kaswer Altoraihi
- Medical College, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Najah Rayish Hadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
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Kamal FZ, Lefter R, Jaber H, Balmus IM, Ciobica A, Iordache AC. The Role of Potential Oxidative Biomarkers in the Prognosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke and the Exploration of Antioxidants as Possible Preventive and Treatment Options. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076389. [PMID: 37047362 PMCID: PMC10094154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic strokes occur when the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced due to arterial blockage, and it often leads to damage to brain cells or death. According to a myriad of experimental studies, oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological mechanism of ischemic stroke. In this narrative review, we aimed to identify how the alterations of oxidative stress biomarkers could suggest a severity-reflecting diagnosis of ischemic stroke and how these interactions may provide new molecular targets for neuroprotective therapies. We performed an eligibility criteria-based search on three main scientific databases. We found that patients with acute ischemic stroke are characterized by increased oxidative stress markers levels, such as the total antioxidant capacity, F2-isoprostanes, hydroxynonenal, total and perchloric acid oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORACTOT and ORACPCA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase, and urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine. Thus, acute ischemic stroke is causing significant oxidative stress and associated molecular and cellular damage. The assessment of these molecular markers could be useful in diagnosing ischemic stroke, finding its causes, predicting its severity and outcomes, reducing its impact on the cellular structures of the brain, and guiding preventive treatment towards antioxidant-based therapy as novel therapeutic alternatives.
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Porato M, Noël S, Pincemail J, Albert A, Cheramy-Bien JP, Le Goff C, Hamaide A. Selected biomarkers of oxidative stress in healthy Beagle dogs: A preliminary study. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1063216. [PMID: 37035819 PMCID: PMC10080027 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1063216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction While oxidative stress has been studied in pathologic conditions in dogs, data in presumably healthy dogs and standardized protocols are lacking. This work purposed to bridge the gap by presenting provisional physiological ranges for oxidative stress biomarkers in a group of Beagle dogs. Methods Based on our long-standing clinical expertise in the field of oxidative stress, nine plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress were evaluated for their concentrations (mean ± SD) in 14 healthy adult Beagle dogs. Results Selected biomarkers were: vitamins C (7.90 ± 1.36 μg/mL) and E (34.1 ± 6.63 μg/mL), zinc (0.80 ± 0.17 mg/L), copper (0.54 ± 0.048 mg/L), selenium (256 ± 25.7 μg/L), total and oxidized glutathione (822 ± 108 μM and 3.56 ± 1.76 μM), myeloperoxidase (67.4 ± 56.2 ng/mL), and isoprostanes (340 ± 95.3 ng/mL). Glutathione peroxidase activity and superoxide anion production in whole blood were also measured. Glutathione peroxidase activity was 473 ± 34.0 IU/g of hemoglobin and superoxide anion production in whole blood was 18,930 ± 12,742 counts per 30 min. Reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione and copper/zinc ratios were, respectively, 280 ± 139 and 0.70 ± 0.15. Sex-related differences were recorded for zinc (p = 0.0081), copper/zinc ratio (p = 0.0036) and plasma isoprostanes (p = 0.0045). Conclusion Provisional physiological norms covering 95% of our group were proposed for each biomarker and should be of interest for future studies of canine oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Porato
- Clinical Department of Companion Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Mathilde Porato
| | - Stéphanie Noël
- Clinical Department of Companion Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Joël Pincemail
- Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Adelin Albert
- Biostatistics, University Hospital, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Cheramy-Bien
- Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Le Goff
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Annick Hamaide
- Clinical Department of Companion Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Relationship between Oxidative Stress and Endometritis: Exploiting Knowledge Gained in Mares and Cows. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182403. [PMID: 36139263 PMCID: PMC9495037 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Endometritis is a widespread pathology in mares and cows and one of the leading causes of reproductive efficiency decline. Although localized in the innermost layer of the uterus, this inflammation involves the release of bioactive molecules and by-products related to molecular damage. Among the bioactive substances, a primary role is played by the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which, while exerting an antimicrobial effect, can amplify the inflammation, sometimes causing unwanted and self-aggravating effects. Part of these substances enters the bloodstream, with implications that range from sustaining distant effects on organs and tissues to being used as diagnostic biomarkers. The research carried out on this matter in cows and mares has maintained certain independence due to its species specificity. This review aims to collect and analyze the information available in these species to enhance diagnostics and provide new insights to prevent and treat this pathology. Abstract The etiopathogenesis of endometritis in mares and cows differs significantly; this could depend on a different sensitivity and reactivity of the uterus but also on endocrine and rearing factors and different stress sources. In both species, microorganisms and the immune system play a primary role in the generation of this pathology. Microbiological and cytological tests support clinical examination and significantly improve diagnostic accuracy. For both species, during the inflammation, immune cells invade the endometrium and release bioactive substances to contrast primary or secondary pathogen contamination. These molecules are traceable to cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandins as well as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), collectively known as RONS. The RONS-mediated oxidation causes morphological and functional alterations of macromolecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, with the consequent production of derivative compounds capable of playing harmful effects. These bioactive molecules and by-products, which have recently become increasingly popular as diagnostic biomarkers, enter the bloodstream, influencing the functionality of organs and tissues. This review has collected and compared information obtained in cows and mares related to the diagnostic potential of these biomarkers that are assessed by using different methods in samples from either blood plasma or uterine fluid.
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Tusa NV, Abuelo A, Levy NA, Gandy JC, Langlois DK, Cridge H. Peripheral biomarkers of oxidative stress in dogs with acute pancreatitis. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1958-1965. [PMID: 36086902 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is considered a pathomechanism of acute pancreatitis (AP), but no studies have extensively characterized oxidant status in dogs with naturally-occurring AP. HYPOTHESIS OR OBJECTIVES Evaluate measures of oxidant status in dogs with AP and explore whether these measures correlate with AP severity. ANIMALS Fifteen dogs with AP and 9 control dogs. METHODS Prospective, controlled observational study. Plasma reactive metabolite (RM) concentrations, antioxidant potential (AOP), and urinary F2 isoprostane concentrations were measured in AP dogs and healthy controls. Severity of AP was assessed by length of hospitalization and 3 disease severity indices: canine acute pancreatitis severity (CAPS), modified canine activity index (M-CAI), and the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation score (APPLEfull ). RESULTS Reactive metabolite (RM) concentrations (median, 65 relative fluorescent units [RFU]/μL; range, 20-331 RFU/μL) and RM:AOP (median, 7; range, 4-109) were higher in AP dogs than healthy controls (median RM, 25 RFU/μL; range, 16-41 RFU/μL; median RM:AOP, 4; range, 2-7; P < .001 for both comparisons). Reactive metabolite (rS = 0.603, P = .08) and RM:AOP (rS = 0.491, P = .06) were not correlated with the duration of hospitalization or disease severity indices evaluated. However, disease severity indices did not predict mortality in our study. Normalized urine 2,3-dinor-8-iso-prostaglandin F2α concentrations were correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP; rS = 0.491, P = .03), canine specific pancreatic lipase (Spec cPL; rS = 0.746, P = .002), and CAPS (rS = 0.603, P = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Oxidant status is altered in dogs with naturally occurring AP, but the clinical relevance of this finding is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole V Tusa
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Angel Abuelo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Nyssa A Levy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffery C Gandy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel K Langlois
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Harry Cridge
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Markers, Inflammatory Markers, Lymphocyte Subpopulations, and Clinical Status in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081427. [PMID: 35892628 PMCID: PMC9394267 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Scarce data exist on the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of CoQ10 supplementation on oxidative stress markers (glutathione peroxidase, F2-isoprostanes), markers of inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF soluble receptor II, leucocytes, and their subtypes), lymphocyte subpopulations (T helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, including activated T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes), and echocardiographic and clinical parameters in dogs with MMVD. In this randomized, controlled, double-blind, longitudinal study, 43 MMVD dogs in stages ACVIM (American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine classification) B2 and ACVIM C and D (congestive heart failure (CHF)) received water-soluble coenzyme Q10 (100 mg twice daily) or placebo for 3 months, and 12 non-supplemented healthy dogs served as controls. All parameters were measured before and after supplementation in MMVD dogs and once in healthy dogs. CoQ10 supplementation had a positive impact on neutrophil percentage, lymphocyte percentage, and lymphocyte concentration in our cohort of dogs with CHF (ACVIM C and D). Conclusion: CoQ10 as an oral supplement may have benefits in terms of decreasing inflammation in dogs with MMVD and CHF.
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