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Strickland JM, de Campos JL, Jeff G, Mavangira V, Ruegg PL, Sordillo L. A randomized control trial to test the effect of pegbovigrastim treatment at dry off on plasma and milk oxylipid profiles during early mammary gland involution and post-parturient period. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00019-5. [PMID: 38246537 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The early period of mammary gland involution is a critical juncture in the lactation cycle that can have significant effects on milk production and mammary gland health. Pegbovigrastim (PEG) administered 1 wk prior and on the day of parturition can enhance immune function and reduce the incidence of mastitis in the early postpartum period. Oxylipids are potent metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and are important mediators of inflammation. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of PEG given 1 wk before and at the day of dry-off (D0) on concentrations of oxylipids in plasma and milk from 7 d before D0 to 14 after, as well as the effects during the first 14 d of the subsequent lactation. We hypothesized that both pro- and anti-inflammatory oxylipids would vary based on initiation of mammary gland involution and that pegbovigrastim would affect oxylipid concentration, particularly those related to leukocytes. A complete randomized blocked design was used to enroll cows into either a PEG treatment group (n = 10) or control group (n = 10; CON). Blood samples were collected -7, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 d relative to dry-off and 5, 10, and 14 d post-calving. Samples were analyzed for PUFA and oxylipids in milk and plasma by ultra-performance mass-spectrometry and liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry, respectively. Overall, 30 lipid mediators were measured both in milk and plasma. Repeated measures analyses revealed a significant interaction of treatment by time for milk 8-iso-keto-15-prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2α, plasma 8,12-iso-prostaglandin FαVI, 11-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and 12-hydroxyheptadecatienoic acid. The majority of milk PUFA and oxylipids differed significantly during early mammary gland involution and into the early postpartum period. This study demonstrated changes in oxylipids in milk secretions and plasma during early involution and further investigation may illuminate multiple complex processes and reveal targets for optimization of mammary gland involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie M Strickland
- Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, East Lansing, MI, 48824.
| | - Juliana Leite de Campos
- Michigan State University, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Animal Science, East Lansing, MI, 48824
| | - Gandy Jeff
- Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, East Lansing, MI, 48824
| | - Vengai Mavangira
- Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, 50011
| | - Pamela L Ruegg
- Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, East Lansing, MI, 48824
| | - Lorraine Sordillo
- Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, East Lansing, MI, 48824
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de Campos JL, Strickland JM, Gandy JC, Robison CI, Ruegg PL. Cows enrolled in a pilot randomized clinical trial evaluating pegbovigrastim administered to dairy cows at dry-off had reduced incidence of intramammary infection. Am J Vet Res 2022; 84:ajvr.22.08.0130. [PMID: 36346698 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.22.08.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this pilot study was to determine if an alternative dosing schedule of pegbovigrastim (PEG; Imrestor; Elanco Animal Health) affects mammary gland health, rear udder width, or milk production of healthy dairy cows. ANIMALS 20 pregnant late-lactation Holstein cows in November 2019 through April 2020. PROCEDURES Cows were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous injections with either 15 mg of PEG (PEG group; n = 10) or a sham injection with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control group; 10) administered 7 days before dry-off and at dry-off. Quarter milk samples were collected for bacterial culture and somatic cells before and after dry-off and after calving. Mammary gland width was assessed before and after dry-off. Daily milk yields were evaluated after calving. RESULTS The incidence of intramammary infection was 5 times greater for quarters of cows in the control group than for quarters of cows that received PEG. The effect of treatment on somatic cell count was not significant, but the effects of period and a treatment-by-period interaction were identified. Treatment did not significantly affect milk production in the subsequent lactation, but the effects of period and an interaction of treatment by period were identified. Rear udder width after dry-off was not significantly affected by treatment, but an effect of period was identified. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this pilot study, cows treated with PEG using an alternative dosing schedule had reduced incidence of intramammary infection and an interaction of treatment by sampling period was observed for milk yield. These results suggest that further studies with larger numbers of cows are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaimie M Strickland
- Department Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Jeff C Gandy
- Department Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Cara I Robison
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Pamela L Ruegg
- Department Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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Kates AE, Knobloch MJ, Konkel A, Young A, Steinberger A, Shutske J, Ruegg PL, Sethi AK, Goldberg T, Leite de Campos J, Suen G, Safdar N. Wisconsin dairy farm worker perceptions and practices related to antibiotic use, resistance, and infection prevention using a systems engineering framework. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258290. [PMID: 34914704 PMCID: PMC8675684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied farmworker practices and beliefs potentially contributing to transmission of bacteria and their associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) among animals and farm workers to identify potential behavioral interventions to reduce the risk of bacterial transmission. Ten focus groups were conducted on eight Wisconsin dairy farms to assess potentially high-risk practices and farmworker knowledge and experiences with antibiotic use and resistance using the Systems Engineering in Patient Safety (SEIPS) framework. Farmworkers were asked to describe common on-farm tasks and the policies guiding these practices. We found workers demonstrated knowledge of the role of antibiotic stewardship in preventing the spread of ARGs. Worker knowledge of various forms of personal protective equipment was higher for workers who commonly reported glove-use. Additionally, workers knowledge regarding the importance of reducing ARG transmission varied but was higher than we had hypothesized. Programs to reduce ARG spread on dairy farms should focus on proper hand hygiene and personal protective equipment use at the level of knowledge, beliefs, and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E. Kates
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- William S. Middleton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mary Jo Knobloch
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- William S. Middleton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ali Konkel
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Amanda Young
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrew Steinberger
- Department of Bacteriology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - John Shutske
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Pamela L. Ruegg
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ajay K. Sethi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Tony Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Juliana Leite de Campos
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Garret Suen
- Department of Bacteriology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nasia Safdar
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- William S. Middleton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Kates AE, Knobloch MJ, Konkel A, Young A, Steinberger A, Shutske J, Ruegg PL, Sethi AK, Goldberg T, Leite de Campos J, Suen G, Safdar N. Use of a systems engineering framework to assess perceptions and practices about antimicrobial resistance of workers on large dairy farms in Wisconsin. medRxiv 2020:2020.10.28.20221747. [PMID: 33173906 PMCID: PMC7654902 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.28.20221747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We studied farmworker practices potentially contributing to transmission of bacteria and antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs) among animals and farm workers to identify human behavioral interventions to reduce exposure risk. Ten focus groups were conducted on eight farms to explore potentially high-risk practices and farmworker knowledge and experiences with antimicrobial use and resistance using the Systems Engineering in Patient Safety (SEIPS) framework. Farmworkers were asked to describe common tasks and the policies guiding these practices. We found workers demonstrated knowledge of the role of antibiotic stewardship in preventing the spread of ARGs. Knowledge of various forms of personal protective equipment was higher for workers who commonly reported glove-use. Knowledge regarding the importance of reducing ARG transmission varied but was greater than previously reported. Programs to reduce ARG spread on dairy farms should focus on proper hand hygiene and personal protective equipment use but at the level of knowledge, beliefs, and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Kates
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- William S. Middleton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mary Jo Knobloch
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- William S. Middleton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ali Konkel
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amanda Young
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - John Shutske
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Ajay K Sethi
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tony Goldberg
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Garret Suen
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nasia Safdar
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- William S. Middleton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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