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Jang HA, Shin H, Lee SJ, Ku SM, Kim JH, Kang DW, Choi SY, Jung SM, Shin HW, Lee YS, Han YS, Jo YH. In silico identification and expression analysis of superoxide dismutases in Tenebrio molitor. Genes Genomics 2024; 46:733-742. [PMID: 38700830 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-024-01518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insects encounter various environmental stresses, in response to which they generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant metalloenzyme that scavenges superoxide radicals to prevent oxidative damage. OBJECTIVE To investigate expressions of SODs under oxidative stress in Tenebrio molitor. METHODS Here, we investigated the transcriptional expression of SODs by pesticide and heavy metals in Tenebrio moltior. First, we searched an RNA-Seq database for T. molitor SOD (TmSOD) genes and identified two SOD isoforms (TmSOD1-iso1 and iso2). We examined their activities under developmental stage, tissue-specific, and various types (pesticide and heavy metal) of oxidative stress by using qPCR. RESULTS Our results revealed two novel forms of TmSODs. These TmSODs had a copper/zinc superoxide dismutase domain, active site, Cu2+ binding site, Zn2+ binding site, E-class dimer interface, and P-class dimer interface. TmSODs (TmSOD1-iso1 and iso2) were expressed in diverse developmental phases and tissues. Pesticides and heavy metals caused an upregulation of these TmSODs. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the two TmSODs have different functions in T. molitor, providing insights into the detoxification ability of T. molitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Am Jang
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan City, 31538, Republic of Korea
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Hyeonjun Shin
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan City, 31538, Republic of Korea
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Seo Jin Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan City, 31538, Republic of Korea
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Sung Min Ku
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan City, 31538, Republic of Korea
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Jae Hui Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan City, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Kang
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan City, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Choi
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan City, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mok Jung
- Research Institute for Basic Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woung Shin
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan City, 31538, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Basic Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan City, 31538, Republic of Korea
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Yeon Soo Han
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hun Jo
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan City, 31538, Republic of Korea.
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea.
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Zhao F, Lin L, Zhao Y, Wu J, Zhu J, Zhang T, Tan H. Developmental toxicity and metabolomics analyses of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20399-20408. [PMID: 38374504 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (FEN) is an aryloxy phenoxy propionate herbicide that has been widely used in paddy fields. Previous studies have indicated that FEN is highly toxic to aquatic organisms, but little is known about the developmental effects of FEN. This study investigated acute and developmental toxicity, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and metabolomic analyses in zebrafish embryos after 96 h of exposure. FEN exhibited high acute toxicity to zebrafish embryos and larvae. Exposure to FEN could reduce heartbeat and hatching rates and increase malformation rates in embryos. Oxidative damage was also caused in embryos. The results of metabolomics analysis showed that 102 differentially abundant metabolites were found in zebrafish embryos in the 0.05 mg/L FEN treatment group, and 60 differentially abundant metabolites were found in the 0.20 mg/L FEN treatment group. These differentially abundant metabolites mainly belonged to 9 metabolic pathways, of which folate pathways and ABC transport protein pathways had the greatest impact. These results suggested that FEN induced high acute and developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihao Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqi Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihua Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China.
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Scheckhuber CQ, Damián Ferrara R, Gómez-Montalvo J, Maciver SK, de Obeso Fernández Del Valle A. Oxidase enzyme genes are differentially expressed during Acanthamoeba castellanii encystment. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:116. [PMID: 38289423 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba castellanii, a ubiquitous protozoan, is responsible for significant diseases such as Acanthamoeba keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. A crucial survival strategy of A. castellanii involves the formation of highly resistant cysts during adverse conditions. This study delves into the cellular processes underpinning encystment, focusing on gene expression changes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance, with a particular emphasis on mitochondrial processes. Our findings reveal a dynamic response within the mitochondria during encystment, with the downregulation of key enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (COX, AOX, and NADHalt) during the initial 48 h, followed by their overexpression at 72 h. This orchestrated response likely creates a pro-oxidative environment, facilitating encystment. Analysis of other ROS processing enzymes across the cell reveals differential expression patterns. Notably, antioxidant enzymes, such as catalases, glutaredoxins, glutathione S-transferases, peroxiredoxins, and thioredoxins, mirror the mitochondrial trend of downregulation followed by upregulation. Additionally, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are downregulated during the early stages in order to potentially balance the metabolic requirement of the cyst. Our study underscores the importance of ROS regulation in Acanthamoeba encystment. Understanding these mechanisms offers insights into infection control and identifies potential therapeutic targets. This work contributes to unraveling the complex biology of A. castellanii and may aid in combatting Acanthamoeba-related infections. Further research into ROS and oxidase enzymes is warranted, given the organism's remarkable respiratory versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Q Scheckhuber
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849, Monterrey, N.L, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Damián Ferrara
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849, Monterrey, N.L, Mexico
| | - Jesús Gómez-Montalvo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849, Monterrey, N.L, Mexico
| | - Sutherland K Maciver
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Scotland, UK
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Pákozdi K, Emri T, Antal K, Pócsi I. Global Transcriptomic Changes Elicited by sodB Deletion and Menadione Exposure in Aspergillus nidulans. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1060. [PMID: 37998866 PMCID: PMC10671992 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese superoxide dismutases (MnSODs) play a pivotal role in the preservation of mitochondrial integrity and function in fungi under various endogenous and exogenous stresses. Deletion of Aspergillus nidulans mnSOD/SodB increased oxidative stress sensitivity and apoptotic cell death rates as well as affected antioxidant enzyme and sterigmatocystin productions, respiration, conidiation and the stress tolerance of conidiospores. The physiological consequences of the lack of sodB were more pronounced during carbon starvation than in the presence of glucose. Lack of SodB also affected the changes in the transcriptome, recorded by high-throughput RNA sequencing, in menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB)-exposed, submerged cultures supplemented with glucose. Surprisingly, the difference between the global transcriptional changes of the ΔsodB mutant and the control strain were relatively small, indicating that the SodB-dependent maintenance of mitochondrial integrity was not essential under these experimental conditions. Owing to the outstanding physiological flexibility of the Aspergilli, certain antioxidant enzymes and endogenous antioxidants together with the reduction in mitochondrial functions compensated well for the lack of SodB. The lack of sodB reduced the growth of surface cultures more than of the submerged culture, which should be considered in future development of fungal disinfection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Pákozdi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- HUN-REN–UD Fungal Stress Biology Research Group, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Emri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- HUN-REN–UD Fungal Stress Biology Research Group, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Károly Antal
- Department of Zoology, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, H-3300 Eger, Hungary;
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- HUN-REN–UD Fungal Stress Biology Research Group, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Nitro compounds against trypanosomatidae parasites: Heroes or villains? Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 75:128930. [PMID: 36030001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease and Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, T. brucei rhodesiense or T. b. gambiense parasites, respectively; while Leishmania is caused by parasites from the Leishmania genus. In recent years, many efforts have been addressed to develop inhibitors against these parasites, especially nitro-containing derivatives, which can interfere with essential enzymes from the protozoa. In this review, all anti-trypanosomatidae nitrocompounds reported so far are shown herein, highlighting their activities and SAR analyses, providing all the benefits and problems associated with this ambiguous chemical group. Finally, this review paper will be useful for many research teams around the world, which are searching for novel trypanocidal and leishmanicidal agents.
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