1
|
Khedhri S, Polito F, Caputo L, Khammassi M, Dhaouadi F, Amri I, Hamrouni L, Mabrouk Y, Fratianni F, Nazzaro F, De Feo V. Antimicrobial, Herbicidal and pesticidal potential of Tunisian eucalyptus species: Chemoprofiling and biological evaluation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29905. [PMID: 38720723 PMCID: PMC11076916 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Eucalyptus genus, characterized by its imposing stature and fragrant foliage, has been a source of fascination for humanity over the centuries. The focus of the present investigation was directed towards the essentials oils (EOs) of five Eucalyptus trees cultivated in Tunisia. The GC-MS analysis unveiled unique compositional profiles, a finding substantiated by both Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) conducted on the leaves EOs. These analyses resulted in the formation of discrete HCA clades, delineating 23 significant components. Notably, the percentage of eucalyptol emerged as the pivotal factor demarcating the separation between three distinct groups. The statistical analysis revealed a dose-dependent relationship in both phytotoxicity evaluation and antibacterial activity. The EOs from Eucalyptus loxophleba and E. salubris exhibited the highest phytotoxicity, inhibiting radical elongation and germination of various seeds, especially Sinapis arvensis and Raphanus sativus. The antimicrobial assessment demonstrated significant inhibitory effects of the EOs on bacterial strains, with MIC values spanning from 14 to exceeding 50 mg/ml. The EOs also affected biofilm formation and cellular metabolism, displaying varied efficacy among different Eucalyptus species against some bacterial strains. The EOs exhibited selective inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. E. campaspe EO showed the highest AChE activity, while E. loxophleba and E. salubris EOs were most potent toward α-amylase. E. loxophleba EO demonstrated notable activity against α-glucosidase. Overall, these findings provide important data about the diverse biological activities of Eucalyptus EOs, suggesting potential applications in agriculture, medicine, and pharmacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Khedhri
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Researches on Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, P.B. 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Flavio Polito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Lucia Caputo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Marwa Khammassi
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Researches on Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, P.B. 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Ferjani Dhaouadi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, B.P. 72, 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Ismail Amri
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Researches on Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, P.B. 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, B.P. 72, 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Hamrouni
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Researches on Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, P.B. 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Mabrouk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, B.P. 72, 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Florinda Fratianni
- Institute of Food Science, ISA-CNR, via Roma, 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Science, ISA-CNR, via Roma, 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
- Institute of Food Science, ISA-CNR, via Roma, 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kochti O, Polito F, Caputo L, Marwa K, Mabrouk Y, Hamrouni L, Amri I, De Feo V. Phytochemical study on the essential oils of Callitris glaucophylla Joy Thomps. & L.A.S. Johnson, and assessment of their antioxidant, anti-enzymatic and allelopathic effects. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23656. [PMID: 38187260 PMCID: PMC10770506 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Callitris glaucophylla Joy Thomps. & L.A.S. Johnson is a coniferous forest species of the Cupressaceae family native to Australia. This species is rich in essential oils (EOs) but few studies about variability and biological activity of these EOs are available in the literature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the variability of production of C. glaucophylla EOs in relation to the different plant parts (needles, cones and stems) and to investigate their antioxidant, anti-enzymatic and herbicidal properties. EOs were obtained by hydro distillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The antioxidant potential of EOs was assessed by ABTS, FRAP and DPPH assays, their phytotoxic activities were evaluated against germination and shoots and radical growth of Sinapis arvensis, Trifolium campestre, Lepidium sativum and Lolium rigidum. The EOs were evaluated for their possible anti-enzymatic effects with spectrophotometric assay. EOs resulted rich in monoterpenes hydrocarbons (61.04-77.82 %) and oxygenated monoterpenes (19.52-25.26 %). The main compounds were α-pinene as major compound in all plant parts (36.99-59.84 %), 1,8-cineole (19.88 % in stems) and limonene (18.94 % in needles). Herbicidal assays showed that all EOs have remarkable and significant phytotoxicity towards germination, roots, and aerial parts growth of the tested plants, depending on the EO, the doses and tested species. The EOs showed significant free radical scavenging potential and resulted more active against cholinesterases than α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The data obtained constitute an important contribution in selecting and valorizing appropriate forestry tree biomass as sources of antioxidant and phytotoxic molecules for sustainable application in food preservation and weeds control. The activities against the tested enzymes confirmed a possible use of these EOs as natural pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oumayma Kochti
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, B.P. 72, Ariana, 2020, Tunisia
| | - Flavio Polito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Lucia Caputo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Khammassi Marwa
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Researches on Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, P.B. 10, Ariana, 2080, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Mabrouk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, B.P. 72, Ariana, 2020, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Hamrouni
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Researches on Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, P.B. 10, Ariana, 2080, Tunisia
| | - Ismail Amri
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, B.P. 72, Ariana, 2020, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Researches on Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, P.B. 10, Ariana, 2080, Tunisia
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dakhlaoui S, Bourgou S, Zar Kalai F, Hammami M, Essafi M, Jallouli S, Msaada K. Essential oil and its nanoemulsion of Eucalyptus cladocalyx: chemical characterization, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37972122 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2280119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Formulating a nanoemulsion (NE) of essential oil (EO) could enhance its efficiency while requiring lower concentrations. Eucalyptus cladocalyx F. Muell EO was rich in monoterpenes hydrocarbons. NE was prepared and the effect of surfactant (Tween 20, 40 and 80) and shearing time were investigated. The results showed that the best NE was formed using Tween 80 after 25 min of emulsification. Small droplet size (40 nm), low polydispersity index PDI (0.49), and stable zeta potential highlighted the excellent NE stability which was tested under storage conditions for 4 months. The results showed that the antioxidant and anticancer activities of NE were enhanced compared to free EO. Furthermore, NE and EO exhibited high anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factors alpha (TNF-α) production in liposaccharides (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, a stable Eucalyptus cladocalyx-NE was produced, with improved biological activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Dakhlaoui
- College of Sciences of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants (LAMP), Biotechnology Center in Borj Cedria Technopole, Hammam-Lif,Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Bourgou
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants (LAMP), Biotechnology Center in Borj Cedria Technopole, Hammam-Lif,Tunisia
| | - Feten Zar Kalai
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants (LAMP), Biotechnology Center in Borj Cedria Technopole, Hammam-Lif,Tunisia
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Majdi Hammami
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants (LAMP), Biotechnology Center in Borj Cedria Technopole, Hammam-Lif,Tunisia
| | - Makram Essafi
- Laboratory Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII, LR11 IPT02), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Slim Jallouli
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances (LSBA), Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Msaada
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants (LAMP), Biotechnology Center in Borj Cedria Technopole, Hammam-Lif,Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khedhri S, Polito F, Caputo L, De Feo V, Khamassi M, Kochti O, Hamrouni L, Mabrouk Y, Nazzaro F, Fratianni F, Amri I. Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Properties, and Anti-Enzymatic Effects of Eucalyptus Essential Oils Sourced from Tunisia. Molecules 2023; 28:7211. [PMID: 37894690 PMCID: PMC10609094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) from six Tunisian Eucalyptus species and to evaluate their anti-enzymatic and antibiofilm activities. The EOs were obtained through hydro-distillation of dried leaves and subsequently analyzed using GC/MS. The main class of compounds was constituted by oxygenated monoterpenes, particularly prominent in E. brevifolia (75.7%), E. lehmannii (72.8%), and E. woollsiana (67%). Anti-enzymatic activities against cholinesterases, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase were evaluated using spectrophotometric methods. Notably, the E. brevifolia, E. extensa, E. leptophylla, E. patellaris, and E. woollsiana EOs displayed potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition (IC50: 0.25-0.60 mg/mL), with E. lehmannii exhibiting lower activity (IC50: 1.2 mg/mL). E. leptophylla and E. brevifolia showed remarkable α-amylase inhibition (IC50: 0.88 mg/mL), while E. brevifolia and E. leptophylla significantly hindered α-glucosidase (IC50 < 30 mg/mL), distinguishing them from other EOs with limited effects. Additionally, the EOs were assessed for their anti-biofilm properties of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacterial strains. The E. extensa EO demonstrated the main antibiofilm effect against E. coli and L. monocytogenes with an inhibition > 80% at 10 mg/mL. These findings could represent a basis for possible further use of Eucalyptus EOs in the treatment of human microbial infections and/or as a coadjutant in preventing and treating Alzheimer's disease and/or diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Khedhri
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Researches on Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, Ariana 2080, Tunisia; (S.K.); (M.K.); (L.H.)
| | - Flavio Polito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.C.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Lucia Caputo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.C.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.C.); (V.D.F.)
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Via Roma, 60, 83100 Avellino, Italy (F.F.)
| | - Marwa Khamassi
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Researches on Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, Ariana 2080, Tunisia; (S.K.); (M.K.); (L.H.)
| | - Oumayama Kochti
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, Ariana 2020, Tunisia; (O.K.); (Y.M.); (I.A.)
| | - Lamia Hamrouni
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Researches on Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, Ariana 2080, Tunisia; (S.K.); (M.K.); (L.H.)
| | - Yassine Mabrouk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, Ariana 2020, Tunisia; (O.K.); (Y.M.); (I.A.)
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Via Roma, 60, 83100 Avellino, Italy (F.F.)
| | - Florinda Fratianni
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Via Roma, 60, 83100 Avellino, Italy (F.F.)
| | - Ismail Amri
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, Ariana 2020, Tunisia; (O.K.); (Y.M.); (I.A.)
| |
Collapse
|