A Review of the Use of Topical Calendula in the Prevention and Treatment of Radiotherapy-Induced Skin Reactions

Comparative Evaluation of Bilateral Cleft Earlobe Rejuvenation with and without Calendula Officinalis 10% V/W- Randomised Control Trial

Calendula officinalis has anti microbial and anti inflammatory property and its usage for wound healing is the need of the hour. The ultimate aim of our research study was to evaluate and compare bilateral earlobe rejuvenation with and without Calendula officinalis. The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of calendula on wound healing and its effect in the duration of wound healing. This randomised control trial was conducted on patients with bilateral earlobe cleft and were advised for the treatment of earlobe repair. The technique used for repair was Cross Stitching Approach modified with subcutaneus suturing. The randomization for the calendula application and sequence was generated randomly by computer generated random numbering. Calendula ointment was placed in a double blinded manner by blinding the principal investigator and the statistician. Calendula ointment was applied every 12 hourly on one ear lobe for a period of 7 days and petroleum jelly was placed on the contralateral earlobe. Scar assessment was done using the Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale (SBSE) on 15th day postoperatively. The wound healing after earlobe repair in 35 patients was compared after 24 h, 7 days, and 15 days using an unpaired t test in this randomized control trial. Statistical significance was defined as a P-value of less than 0.01. The repeated measures ANOVA test was used to compare mean scores at different time intervals in groups 1 and 2. The Bon Feronic test was used to compare the mean score in groups 1 and 2 at different time intervals. Statistical significance was defined as a p-value of less than 0.01. The comparison of mean score on day 1 the (p value = 0.525), day 7 was (p value = 0.324) and day 15 which was clinically significant (p value < 0.001). Calendula ointment was found to be beneficial in wound healing after cleft earlobe repair in this study. Calendula ointment has demonstrated potential benefits in treating wounds in scheduled surgery with no post-operative problems, according to the findings of this study. This study sets the landmark for the use of Calendula ointment in the treatment of cleft earlobe rejuvenation in Maxillofacial surgery.

Bio-active metabolites from Chinese Medicinal Herbs for treatment of skin diseases

Skin diseases have become serious issues to human health and affect one-third of the world's population according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). These consist of internal (endogenous) and external (exogenous) factors referring to genetics, hormones, and the body's immune system, as well as environmental situations, UV radiation, or environmental pollution respectively. Generally, Western Medicines (WMs) are usually treated with topical creams or strong medications for skin diseases that help superficially, and often do not treat the root cause. The relief may be instant and strong, sometimes these medicines have adverse reactions that are too strong to be able and sustained over a long period, especially steroid drug type. Chinese Medicinal Herbs (CMHs) are natural resources and relatively mild in the treatment of both manifestation and the root cause of disease. Nowadays, CMHs are attractive to many scientists, especially in studying their formulations for the treatment of skin diseases.

METHODS

The methodology of this review was searched in nine electronic databases including WanFang Data, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer Link, SciFinder, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), without regard to language constraints. All eligible studies are analysed and summarised.

RESULTS

Based on the literature findings, some extracts or active metabolites divided from CMHs, including Curcumin, Resveratrol, Liquorice, Dandelions, Cortex Moutan, and Calendula officinalis L., are effective for the treatment and prevention of skin diseases because of a wide range of pharmacological activities, e.g. anti-bacterial, anti-microbial, anti-virus, and anti-inflammation to enhance the body's immune system. It is also responsible for skin whitening to prevent pigmentation and premature ageing through several mechanisms, such as regulation or inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (IκB/NF-κB) signalling pathways.

CONCLUSION

This is possible to develop CMHs, such as Curcumin, Resveratrol, Liquorice, Dandelions, Cortex Moutan and Calendula officinalis L. The ratio of multiple CMH formulations and safety assessments on human skin diseases required studying to achieve better pharmacological activities. Nano formulations are the future investigation for CMHs to combat skin diseases.

Traditional and contemporary herbal medicines in management of cancer: A scoping review

BACKGROUND

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and is primarily managed by chemotherapy, radiation and surgery. Traditional medicine is widely used worldwide due to availability, affordability, wide applicability and accessibility. While potential for traditional medicines in management of cancer is well-documented, there is limited literature that collates traditional knowledge and contemporary herbal medicine practice. To collate available evidence on herbal medicines used in the management of all cancers from traditional world-wide sources, and the management of lung and colorectal cancers in contemporary practice. Medicinal plants with anti-cancer properties were identified following JBI methodology for scoping reviews through searches of the following sources: Trove, Archive.Org, and Henriette's herbal medicine page (traditional texts), book list available from World Naturopathic Federation white paper (contemporary naturopathic texts), and in PubMed, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, AMED and JSTOR (case studies). Of the 1973 citations retrieved, 38 traditional texts, 3 contemporary naturopathic texts and 10 case studies were included in the review. The traditional texts (n = 110) noted the highest number of different anti-cancer herbal species, followed by case reports (n = 52) and contemporary texts (n = 13). This review identified various herbal medicines used to treat cancer traditionally which is distinct to those found in contemporary use. Moreover, this review identified the use of herbs from other native medical systems around the world in the contemporary naturopathic practice and individual case management. The evidence presented in the review could be utilized in pre-clinical settings to research traditional preparations of herbs.

A Curcumin-Based Oral Gel Has Potential Protective Efficacy against Oral Mucositis: In Vitro Study

Oral mucositis is a common distressing complication of cancer therapy, characterised by painful sores within the oral cavity. Current management options offer limited symptomatic relief. Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound with recognised anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has emerged as a potential protective agent against oral mucositis. This study explores the therapeutic potential of curcumin in mitigating the impact of oral mucositis by investigating a commercially available curcumin-based oral gel, PerioGold®. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to characterise the main constituents of PerioGold®. The cytotoxicity of curcumin constituent was investigated in four cell lines: primary oral keratinocytes (HOKs), immortalised oral keratinocytes (OKF6), dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOKs), and oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (PE/CA-PJ15). Concentrations of hydrogen peroxide were optimised to develop in vitro models that mimic oral mucositis. The inhibitory effects of PerioGold® against the production of reactive oxygen species were assessed using a designated kit. OKF6 cells were the most sensitive to oxidative stress, while PE/CA-PJ15 cells showed the highest resistance. Pretreatment of the investigated cells for 24 h with PerioGold® demonstrated a significant antioxidative effect in all cells based on a dose-response pattern. PerioGold® exhibits clinical potential for protecting against oxidative stress, warranting further individualised clinical investigations.

MASCC clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of acute radiation dermatitis: part 1) systematic review

Acute radiation dermatitis (ARD) commonly develops in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy and is often characterized by erythema, desquamation, and pain. A systematic review was conducted to summarize the current evidence on interventions for the prevention and management of ARD. Databases were searched from 1946 to September 2020 to identify all original studies that evaluated an intervention for the prevention or management of ARD, with an updated search conducted in January 2023. A total of 235 original studies were included in this review, including 149 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Most interventions could not be recommended due to a low quality of evidence, lack of supporting evidence, or conflicting findings across multiple trials. Photobiomodulation therapy, Mepitel® film, mometasone furoate, betamethasone, olive oil, and oral enzyme mixtures showed promising results across multiple RCTs. Recommendations could not be made solely based on the published evidence due to limited high-quality evidence. As such, Delphi consensus recommendations will be reported in a separate publication.

Natural and miscellaneous agents for the prevention of acute radiation dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PURPOSE

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the available literature describing the efficacy of natural and miscellaneous agents in preventing acute radiation dermatitis (RD) in cancer patients.

METHODS

OVID MedLine, Embase, and Cochrane literature databases were searched from 1946 to January 2023 for randomized controlled trials studying the use of natural and miscellaneous agents to prevent RD. RevMan 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis to calculate the pooled effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the random effects analysis.

RESULTS

For the systematic review and meta-analysis, 19 and 16 studies were included, respectively. Of the five studied natural products (aloe vera, oral enzymes, olive oil, calendula, and curcumin), only oral enzymes and olive oil significantly reduced the incidence of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group grade 2⁺ (RR: 0.42, 95%CI 0.30-0.58, p < 0.00001, RR: 0.66, 95% CI 0.51-0.85, p = 0.001, resp.). The oral enzymes also reduced the grade 3⁺ RD incidence (RR: 0.18, 95%CI 0.06-0.55, p = 0.003). The other agents demonstrated no significant effect.

CONCLUSION

This review and meta-analysis on natural and miscellaneous agents in preventing RD in cancer patients demonstrated that oral enzymes and olive oil prevented RD severity. However, evidence supporting natural agents to prevent RD is inconsistent, mainly because of low studies numbers, low-quality study designs, and small sample sizes. Therefore, concrete conclusions cannot be made. Research on (new) natural or miscellaneous agents should focus on a randomized controlled double-blinded study design with a large patient population, a higher consistency in research methods, and clinician- and patient-reported outcomes.

LC-HR/MS Analysis of Lipophilic Extracts from Calendula arvensis (Vaill.) L. Organs: An Unexplored Source in Cosmeceuticals

As part of a project aimed at promoting the use of Calendula arvensis (Vaill.) L. (field marigold, Asteraceae) phytocomplexes in cosmeceutical formulations, the chemical composition in apolar specialized metabolites is herein elucidated. Furthermore, the screening of the cytotoxicity of the apolar extracts was evaluated in order to underline their safety as functional ingredients for cosmetics. After dissection of Calendula organs (florets, fruits, leaves, bracts, stems, and roots), ultrasound-assisted maceration in n-hexane as an extracting solvent allowed us to obtain oil-like mixtures, whose chemical composition has been highlighted through a UHPLC-ESI-QqTOF-MS/MS approach. Twenty-nine metabolites were tentatively identified; different compounds, among which the well-known poly-unsaturated fatty acids, and oxylipins and phosphatides were detected for the first time in Calendula genus. The screening of the dose-response cytotoxicity of the apolar extracts of C. arvensis highlighted the concentration of 10 μg/mL as the most suitable for the formulation of cosmeceutical preparations. Sera enriched with leaf and fruit apolar extracts turned out to have the best activity, suggesting it can be used as a new source in skin care thanks to their higher content in fatty acids.

Marigold Metabolites: Diversity and Separation Methods of Calendula Genus Phytochemicals from 1891 to 2022

Marigold (Calendula), an important asteraceous genus, has a history of many centuries of therapeutic use in traditional and officinal medicines all over the world. The scientific study of Calendula metabolites was initiated at the end of the 18th century and has been successfully performed for more than a century. The result is an investigation of five species (i.e., C. officinalis, C. arvensis, C. suffruticosa, C. stellata, and C. tripterocarpa) and the discovery of 656 metabolites (i.e., mono-, sesqui-, di-, and triterpenes, phenols, coumarins, hydroxycinnamates, flavonoids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, etc.), which are discussed in this review. The identified compounds were analyzed by various separation techniques as gas chromatography and liquid chromatography which are summarized here. Thus, the genus Calendula is still a high-demand plant-based medicine and a valuable bioactive agent, and research on it will continue for a long time.

Plant and Herbal Extracts as Ingredients of Topical Agents in the Prevention and Treatment Radiodermatitis: A Systematic Literature Review

Background: The use of herbal extracts as the source of antioxidant substances capable of neutralizing free radicals and providing protection from ionizing radiation appears to be an alternative therapy for radiodermatitis. As concerns the prevention and treatment of side effects, a lot of recommendations are based on proper experience of radiotherapy centers. We summarize recent research aiming at reducing radiation-induced skin injuries by use of proper skin care, using topical preparations with herbal extracts including onco-cosmetics. Methods: This article is limited to a critical analysis of scientific and professional literature. It concerns preparations in different physicochemical forms, e.g., gels, emulsions, ointments. We stress the connection between the type of applied skin care (type of preparation, its composition, the dose), the properties of the herbal extract and the evaluation of its efficiency in preventing and treating radiation reaction on skin. Conclusions: Herbal extracts can be added to recipes because they are part of a category of cosmeceutical supplements and can be introduced into preparations without prescription. The effectiveness evaluation for herbal extracts in radiotherapy is not an easy task since there are no strict guidelines. Studies should be preceded by the analysis of herbal extracts and recipe in terms of physicochemical, dermatological and performance characteristics.

Uso de Cremes de Camomila e Calêndula na Prevenção de Radiodermatites Agudas em Pacientes com Câncer de Cabeça e Pescoço: Ensaio Clínico Randomizado Duplo-Cego

Introdução: A radiodermatite e caracterizada por lesões cutâneas decorrentes da exposição a radiação ionizante, acometendo entre 80%-90% dos pacientes submetidos a radioterapia na região da cabeça e pescoço. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade do uso do creme de camomila em relação ao creme de calêndula na prevenção da radiodermatite aguda em participantes submetidos a radioterapia para câncer de cabeça e pescoço. Método: Ensaio clinico randomizado, duplo-cego, prospectivo, com análise quantitativa. Foram avaliados 23 participantes, aleatoriamente designados para o grupo que fez uso do creme de camomila (n=12) ou para o grupo do creme de calêndula (n=11). A pele no campo de irradiação foi avaliada na primeira sessão de radioterapia, a cada cinco sessoes, e após 30 dias do termino do tratamento, de acordo com os critérios da Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG). Resultados: Os participantes apresentaram radiodermatite em todas as avaliações, do grau 1 ao 3, exceto na primeira avaliação. O nível médio mais elevado foi observado, em ambos os grupos, na sexta avaliação (2,10±0,73 no grupo do creme de camomila e 2,37±0,51 no de calêndula). No grupo camomila, o maior grau de radiodermatite foi o 3, na quinta e sexta avaliações; enquanto, no calêndula, o grau 3 foi observado pela primeira vez na sexta avaliação, permanecendo até a oitava. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nos grupos avaliados. Conclusão: Houve equivalência na efetividade do uso do creme de camomila em relação ao creme calêndula na prevenção de radiodermatites agudas em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço em radioterapia.

Overview of the Active Ingredients in Cosmetic Products for the Care of Skin That Has Been Exposed to Ionizing Radiation - Analysis of Their Effectiveness in Breast Cancer Radiotherapy

Treatment that uses ionizing radiation is one of the most common therapeutic methods in case of breast cancer. However, it often results in radiation dermatitis, which manifests itself, among others, as erythema, burning, itching and pain as well as dry or moist desquamation of the epidermis in the irradiated areas. The intensity of these symptoms significantly reduces the patient's quality of life, which could affect the effectiveness of the entire therapy. There are more and more cosmetic preparations on the market for daily care of skin that has been exposed to radiation. The composition of the active ingredients in these preparations is designed to support the protective functions of the skin, delay the occurrence of the side effects of ionizing radiation, reduce their intensity, and accelerate the regeneration of the irradiated areas. Unfortunately, there is little scientific evidence of the effectiveness of the active ingredients that are contained in these preparations. This paper presents a narrative review of the most commonly used ingredients and compares them with the current state of knowledge on their effectiveness in preventing radiodermatitis.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Calendula officinalis L. Flower Extract

The use of calendula for its lenitive properties’ dates to the XII century. This plant contains several bioactive compounds, including terpenoids, terpenes, carotenoids, flavonoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Calendula flower extract is used in soothing cosmetics, such as after-sun, sensitive skin and eye contour products. The anti-inflammatory properties of this ingredient were demonstrated in an animal model, but the mechanism of action is poorly understood. Therefore, our work explored the effect of a calendula flower extract on NO production, a pro-inflammatory radical produced by nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and highly released by innate immune cells in inflammatory-related pathologies. NO production was evoked by the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in macrophages, using concentrations that did not compromise cells viability. This ingredient exhibited a dose-dependent NO inhibition, reaching 50% at 147 μL/mL without cytotoxicity. Together with previous literature, these results provide experimental evidence on the anti-inflammatory properties of calendula flower extract, as well as its usefulness in cosmetics with soothing properties and adjunctive skin care in the treatment of the diseases associated with dysregulation of the NO signaling cascade.

Traditionally Used Natural Products in Preventing Ionizing Radiation-Induced Dermatitis: First Review on the Clinical Studies

In the treatment of cancer, the use of ionizing radiation is an important modality. However, on the downside, radiation, when used for curative purposes, causes acute dermatitis or radiodermatitis at the site of radiation in most individuals. From a clinical viewpoint, severe dermatitis causes a burning and itching sensation is very painful, and severely affects the quality of life of the individual undergoing treatment. In worse situations, acute radiation dermatitis can cause gaps or breaks in the planned treatment and this can adversely affect the treatment objective and outcome.

BACKGROUND

In various traditional and folk systems of medicine, plants and plant products have been used since time immemorial for treating various skin ailments. Further, many cosmeceutical creams formulated based on knowledge from ethnomedicinal use are marketed and used to treat various ailments. In the current review, an attempt is made at summarizing the beneficial effects of some plants and plant products in mitigating acute radiation dermatitis in humans undergoing curative radiotherapy. Additionally, the emphasis is also placed on the mechanism/s responsible for the beneficial effects.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this review is to summarize the clinical observations on the prevention of radiodermatitis by plant products. In this review, the protective effects of Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) bran extract, Aloe vera, Calendula officinalis, Cucumis sativus, green tea constituent the epigallocatechin-3-gallate, honey, Achillea millefolium, Matricaria chamomilla, olive oil and some polyherbal creams are addressed by also addressing on the mechanism of action for the beneficial effects.

METHODS

Two authors' data mined for information in Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library for publications in the field from 1901 up to July 2020. The focus was on acute radiation dermatitis, ionizing radiation, curative radiotherapy, human cancer. The articles were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS

For the first time, this review addresses the usefulness of natural products like adlay bran, Aloe vera, Calendula officinalis, Cucumis sativus, green tea constituent the epigallocatechin-3-gallate, honey, Achillea millefolium, Matricaria chamomilla, olive oil and some experimentally constituted and commercially available polyherbal creams as skincare agents against the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation on the skin. The protective effects are possibly due to the free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing and skin protective effects.

CONCLUSION

The authors suggest that these plants have been used since antiquity as medicinal agents and require in-depth investigation with both clinical and preclinical validated models of study. The results of these studies will be extremely useful to cancer patients requiring curative radiotherapy, the dermatology fraternity, agro-based and pharmaceutical sectors at large.

Rational Design of Nanomaterials for Various Radiation-Induced Diseases Prevention and Treatment

Radiation treatments often unfavorably damage neighboring healthy organs and cause a series of radiation sequelae, such as radiation-induced hematopoietic system diseases, radiation-induced gastrointestinal diseases, radiation-induced lung diseases, and radiation-induced skin diseases. Recently, emerging nanomaterials have exhibited good superiority for these radiation-induced disease treatments. Given this background, the rational design principle of nanomaterials, which helps to optimize the therapeutic efficiency, has been an increasing need. Consequently, it is of great significance to perform a systematic summarization of the advances in this field, which can trigger the development of new high-performance nanoradioprotectors with drug efficiency maximization. Herein, this review highlights the advances and perspectives in the rational design of nanomaterials for preventing and treating various common radiation-induced diseases. Furthermore, the sources, clinical symptoms, and pathogenesis/injury mechanisms of these radiation-induced diseases will also be introduced. Furthermore, current challenges and directions for future efforts in this field are also discussed.

Integrative Therapies in Cancer Pain

Integrative medicine is an approach to medical care that embraces all effective therapies including complementary treatments such as acupuncture and hypnosis. There is growing use of complementary therapies in the cancer patient population, making it important that health care providers be aware of both the risks and benefits of treatments that lie outside of the traditional allopathic medicine paradigm. This chapter will explore some of the most common and well-investigated complementary therapies for the treatment and prevention of cancer-related pain. This will include discussions of: acupuncture, dietary supplements, massage, guided imagery and cryotherapy among others. The goal of this is to provide a framework for discussions between medical providers and their patients to ensure safety, discussion of all available treatments, and to facilitate open lines of communication.

Topical use of Jiawei Simiao Yongan Gao to prevent radiodermatitis in patients with head and neck cancer: A retrospective cohort study

Radiodermatitis is a common side effect of radiotherapy, but currently there is no standard treatment for its prevention. This study aimed to observe the effect of topical application of a paste based on traditional Chinese medicine, Jiawei Simiao Yongan Gao, on radiodermatitis caused by radiotherapy for patients with head and neck cancer.This was a retrospective cohort study of 40 patients with head and neck cancer evaluated during their radiotherapy. Of these, 20 patients were treated with Jiawei Simiao Yongan Gao on the irradiated skin from the beginning of radiotherapy (JSY group). The other 20 patients were given standard nursing (standard group). Acute skin reactions were classified according to the radiation-induced skin reaction assessment scale (RISRAS) and American radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) acute toxicity grading criteria every 2 weeks, and adverse effects were recorded until the end of the radiotherapy.The two groups showed differences in severity of radiodermatitis. At 0 to 30 Gy, the skin reactions were similar in the two groups, while above 40 Gy the skin reactions were significantly lower grade in the JSY group (P < .05). At 0 to 20 Gy, there was no statistical significance (P > .05); but above 30 Gy they were lower in the JSY group (P < .05).Jiawei Simiao Yongan Gao effectively alleviated acute radiodermatitis caused by radiotherapy of head and neck cancer patients compared with standard nursing.

ONS Guidelines™ for Cancer Treatment-Related Radiodermatitis

PURPOSE

Radiodermatitis is a side effect of radiation therapy. Evidence-based interventions to minimize severity or delay progression are important for clinical care. This guideline intends to support individuals with cancer, clinicians, and others in decisions regarding radiodermatitis treatment.

METHODOLOGIC APPROACH

A panel of healthcare professionals with patient representation was convened to develop a national clinical practice guideline for the management of radiodermatitis. GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology and the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine criteria for trustworthy guidelines were followed. The Cochrane Collaboration risk-of-bias tool was used, and certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. A quantitative and narrative synthesis of the evidence was completed.

FINDINGS

The panel agreed on eight recommendations and made a conditional recommendation for deodorant/antiperspirant. Aloe vera and oral curcumin had knowledge gaps and were recommended only in the context of a clinical trial. The panel suggested against emu oil, calendula, and nonsteroidal interventions.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING

This guideline summarizes evidence-based interventions for the management of radiodermatitis to guide clinical care.

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Interferon-α inducible protein 6 (IFI6) confers protection against ionizing radiation in skin cells

BACKGROUND

Radiation-induced skin injury is one of the main adverse effects and a dose-limiting factor of radiotherapy without feasible treatment. The underlying mechanism of this disease is still limited.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the potential molecular pathways and mechanisms of radiation-induced skin injury.

METHODS

mRNA expression profiles were determined by Affymetrix Human HTA2.0 microarray.IFI6 overexpression and knockdown were mediated by lentivirus. The functional changes of skin cells were measured by flow cytometry, ROS probe and Edu probe. Protein distribution was detected by immunofluorescence experiment, and IFI6-interacting proteins were detected by immunoprecipitation (IP) combined with mass spectrometry. The global gene changes in IFI6-overexpressed skin cells after irradiation were detected by RNA-seq.

RESULTS

mRNA expression profiling showed 50 upregulated and 13 down regulated genes and interferon alpha inducible protein 6 (IFI6) was top upregulated. Overexpression of IFI6 promoted cell proliferation and reduced cell apoptosis as well as ROS production following radiation, and conversely, increased the radiosensitivity of HaCaT and human skin fibroblast (WS1). IFI6 was translocated into nucleus in irradiated skin cells and the interacting relationship with mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein 1 (SSBP1), which could enhance the transcriptional activity of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1).IFI6 augmented HSF1 activity following radiation in HaCaT and WS1 cells. RNA-seq analysis showed IFI6 modulated virus infection and cellular response to stress pathways, which may help to further explore how IFI6 regulate the transcriptional activity of HSF1.

CONCLUSION

This study reveals that IFI6 is induced by ionizing radiation and confers radioprotection in skin cells.

Efficacy of topical Calendula officinalis on prevalence of radiation-induced dermatitis: A randomised controlled trial

OBJECTIVES

A randomised controlled trial was undertaken to compare the efficacy of topical Calendula officinalis (Calendula) versus standard of care (Sorbolene: 10% glycerine in cetomacragol cream) in reducing the prevalence of radiation-induced dermatitis in women undergoing breast cancer radiotherapy.

METHODS

A total of 271 women were screened and 82 were randomised. The primary outcome was prevalence of acute radiation-induced dermatitis (RTOG grade 2+) assessed at multiple skin sites. A chi-squared test was conducted for the primary outcome with a worst-case scenario imputation.

RESULTS

The recruitment target (n = 178) was not achieved. A total of n = 81 participants were analysed (n = 40 Calendula; n = 41 Sorbolene). There was no detectable difference in prevalence of radiation-induced dermatitis grade 2+ between the Calendula (53%) and Sorbolene (62%) groups (primary analysis OR = 0.87, 95% CI: [0.36, 2.09], P = 0.92; covariate adjusted complete case analysis OR 0.40, 95% CI: [0.13, 1.20], P = 0.10).

CONCLUSION

This randomised controlled trial showed no difference between Calendula and standard of care (Sorbolene) for the prevention of radiation-induced dermatitis. However, the study was underpowered (limited recruitment) for the primary comparison.

Management of skin adverse reactions in oncology

Chemo and targeted anticancer therapies present significant skin adverse reactions, which impair the patients' quality of life. Cutaneous toxicities lead to poor treatment adherence, drug cessation, and psychosocial distress. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge concerning the prevention and management of skin toxicity arising from these therapies. A systematic literature search on online databases was conducted. The categorization of the main preventive and treatment measures was performed according to the level of evidence. Management of skin adverse reactions of oncology treatments is very heterogeneous, which can be explained by the lack of sound evidence-based treatments. The most studied adverse effects are papulopustular eruption, xerosis, and hand-foot syndrome. Prevention of xerosis stands out as the strategy most supported by level II studies. With respect to treatment, the use of antibiotics in papulopustular eruption resulting from anti-epidermal growth factor receptor agents is the most evidence-based approach. In general, the number of studies published in the literature classified with a level II of evidence (52%) is similar to the ones classified as level IV (33%), making clear the need of more randomized controlled trials regarding the effectiveness of preventive and treatment measures of skin adverse reactions of chemo and targeted anticancer therapies.

Effectiveness and Tolerability of Natural Herbal Formulations in the Prevention of Radiation-Induced Skin Toxicity in Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy

The aim of this study is to investigate the preventive role of 3 herbal formulation products on reducing the incidence of radiation-induced dermatitis in patients undergoing radiotherapy for either breast or head and neck cancer. A total of 59 patients participated in the study. The novel herbal products, a combination of beeswax, olive oil, Calendula and Hypericum oils and Aloe gel, were daily and regularly being used by the patients during radiotherapy and 2 weeks after treatment end. Acute skin toxicity was scored weekly during radiotherapy and after treatment for a further 4-week follow-up period. Demographic data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Statistical analyses of the study objectives were based on an intent-to-treat principle. Most of the patients presented with grade I (RTOG/EORTC) toxicity in the first weeks of radiotherapy, progressed to grade II but reverted to grade I toxicity up until the study end. A total of 94.9% of the patients had Dermatology Life Quality Index up to 1, and 66.1% remained in this scale. The application of the novel natural product combinations proved to be statistically significantly effective in reducing the intensity of radiation dermatitis, positively affecting the quality of life of the patients.

Prophylaxis of Radiation-Induced Dermatitis in Patients With Breast Cancer Using Herbal Creams: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Radiation-induced toxicity is a major limiting factor for prescribing radiation dose in cancer radiotherapy. Skin reaction to radiation is one of the primary concerns, which could affect quality of life of the patients both physically and mentally. Reviews of the literature show limited number of effective reagents for its prophylaxis. In this study, we attempted to determine whether prophylactic treatment of the 3 different herbal creams containing Centella asiatica, Cucumis sativus, and Thunbergia laurifolia extracts as well as a commercial moisturizing cream could reduce acute skin reaction in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. A total of 153 breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy were randomly assigned into 5 different groups with one group receiving no treatment. The patients were instructed to apply their designated creams once daily from their first radiotherapy session until 1-month post-irradiation. Their skins were graded by a radiation oncologist on a weekly basis until 1-month post-irradiation to identify any skin reactions. The results showed that the administration of the herbal creams or the moisturizing cream could neither reduce the severity nor delay the onset of dermatitis compared with the no treatment group. However, despite the limited benefits from the prophylaxis, the Cucumis sativus cream was shown to help with the skin recovery post-irradiation. These results suggested that breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy should be advised to apply moisturizing cream to the area of irradiated skin.

Wound healing complications in oncological patients: perspectives for cellular therapy

Various types of cancer are nowadays a serious medical and social problem and a great challenge for modern medicine. The majority of anticancer therapy is based on traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Both of these highly non-specific types of treatment have a number of serious side effects including wound healing complications. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy mostly affect rapidly dividing skin cells (e.g. keratinocytes), as well as fibroblasts, melanocytes, endothelial and immune cells. Currently, there are many strategies to improve wound healing in oncological patients, including various types of dressings, biomaterials, growth factors, and cell therapies.

A pilot study on aesthetic treatments performed by qualified aesthetic practitioners: efficacy on health-related quality of life in breast cancer patients

Purpose

Cancer treatments often produce undesirable side-effects, such as skin toxicity, impacting on everyday functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This experimental study sought to determine whether aesthetic products and treatments could significantly decrease perceived skin symptoms, psychological distress and improve skin-related QoL (SRQoL).

Methods

An experimental group composed of 100 breast patients was enrolled for specialized aesthetic treatments at the European Institute of Oncology (IEO) and compared to a control group of 70 breast patients who did not receive any aesthetic treatment. A measure of SRQoL (i.e., Skindex-16) and a distress thermometer were administered longitudinally at three time points: at baseline (T0), at 7 days from beginning of aesthetic treatment (T1) and at 28 days from beginning of aesthetic treatment (T2).

Results

Results demonstrated the efficacy of aesthetic treatment in reducing distress and improving SRQoL: while the experimental group showed significant improvements in all HRQoL areas, the control group worsened. Specifically, at T1 and T2 there were significant improvements on distress and Skindex subscales in the experimental group, with an almost complete remission of perceived symptoms at T2. Moreover, all reported cutaneous reactions significantly improved after the specialized treatments, with no differences in SRQoL in skin reaction type.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate that aesthetic treatments for side-effects of cancer therapies can alleviate perceived distress and improve skin symptoms and HRQoL.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1007/s11136-019-02133-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Integrative Dermatology - The Use of Herbals and Nutritional Supplements to Treat Dermatological Conditions

From humble beginnings at the dawn of time to it's advanced and successful status today, this essay traces the history of natural medicine and the development of integrated dermatology to what it is today. Some of the most well-known natural (international and Australian) products with an application in dermatology are discussed. The history and functions of the Psoriasis Eczema Clinic and the products developed by its founder, Prof. Michael Tirant, are explained.

Use of the Bovine Udder Skin model to evaluate the tolerability of Mesem cosmetic cream

Observational studies of Mesem cream (based on Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. plant extract) found that it had positive effects on skin hydration and smoothing of the skin. However, some patients reported skin irritation effects. The current study evaluated the skin tolerability of Mesem cream, as compared to the carrier cream (without the active ingredient), by using the isolated perfused bovine udder skin model. The primary outcomes investigated were cytotoxicity (i.e. cell viability), assessed with the MTT assay, and irritancy and inflammation, assessed by measuring PGE₂ tissue levels. A total reaction score was calculated by combining the results for each parameter. In the case of a single topical application, significant differences were found between the carrier cream and the Mesem cream. While the application of carrier cream resulted in low cytotoxicity (-8.4% change in viability, as compared to the untreated control), the Mesem cream was more cytotoxic (-18.7% change). In addition, one hour after application, PGE₂ levels were higher in Mesem cream-treated skin, as compared to carrier cream-treated skin (16.6% versus 11.3%). Further experiments (tape-stripped skin and repeated application) also found significant differences between the two creams in the results obtained. Evaluation of the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of phyto-cosmetic products is important. Our results confirmed the findings of two previous human observational studies (the human patch test and open application study). Future experiments to understand the underlying principles of its effectiveness, safety and tolerability should include extracts of M. crystallinum L. juice, as well as the Mesem cream itself.