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Vahedi Raad M, Firouzabadi AM, Tofighi Niaki M, Henkel R, Fesahat F. The impact of mitochondrial impairments on sperm function and male fertility: a systematic review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2024; 22:83. [PMID: 39020374 PMCID: PMC11253428 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-024-01252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides adenine triphosphate (ATP) production for sustaining motility, the mitochondria of sperm also host other critical cellular functions during germ cell development and fertilization including calcium homeostasis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and in some cases steroid hormone biosynthesis. Normal mitochondrial membrane potential with optimal mitochondrial performance is essential for sperm motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction, and DNA integrity. RESULTS Defects in the sperm mitochondrial function can severely harm the fertility potential of males. The role of sperm mitochondria in fertilization and its final fate after fertilization is still controversial. Here, we review the current knowledge on human sperm mitochondria characteristics and their physiological and pathological conditions, paying special attention to improvements in assistant reproductive technology and available treatments to ameliorate male infertility. CONCLUSION Although mitochondrial variants associated with male infertility have potential clinical use, research is limited. Further understanding is needed to determine how these characteristics lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and affect male fertility potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Vahedi Raad
- Department of Biology & Anatomical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Masoud Firouzabadi
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Maryam Tofighi Niaki
- Health Reproductive Research Center, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Ralf Henkel
- LogixX Pharma, Theale, Berkshire, UK.
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.
| | - Farzaneh Fesahat
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Fairley LH, Das S, Dharwal V, Amorim N, Hegarty KJ, Wadhwa R, Mounika G, Hansbro PM. Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants as a Therapeutic Strategy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:973. [PMID: 37107348 PMCID: PMC10135688 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major hallmark of COPD, contributing to inflammatory signaling, corticosteroid resistance, DNA damage, and accelerated lung aging and cellular senescence. Evidence suggests that oxidative damage is not solely due to exogenous exposure to inhaled irritants, but also endogenous sources of oxidants in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria, the major producers of ROS, exhibit impaired structure and function in COPD, resulting in reduced oxidative capacity and excessive ROS production. Antioxidants have been shown to protect against ROS-induced oxidative damage in COPD, by reducing ROS levels, reducing inflammation, and protecting against the development of emphysema. However, currently available antioxidants are not routinely used in the management of COPD, suggesting the need for more effective antioxidant agents. In recent years, a number of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (MTA) compounds have been developed that are capable of crossing the mitochondria lipid bilayer, offering a more targeted approach to reducing ROS at its source. In particular, MTAs have been shown to illicit greater protective effects compared to non-targeted, cellular antioxidants by further reducing apoptosis and offering greater protection against mtDNA damage, suggesting they are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of COPD. Here, we review evidence for the therapeutic potential of MTAs as a treatment for chronic lung disease and discuss current challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren H. Fairley
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Shatarupa Das
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Vivek Dharwal
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Nadia Amorim
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Karl J. Hegarty
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Ridhima Wadhwa
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Guntipally Mounika
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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Zorova LD, Pevzner IB, Khailova LS, Korshunova GA, Kovaleva MA, Kovalev LI, Serebryakova MV, Silachev DN, Sudakov RV, Zorov SD, Rokitskaya TI, Popkov VA, Plotnikov EY, Antonenko YN, Zorov DB. Mitochondrial ATP Synthase and Mild Uncoupling by Butyl Ester of Rhodamine 19, C4R1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030646. [PMID: 36978894 PMCID: PMC10044837 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The homeostasis of the transmembrane potential of hydrogen ions in mitochondria is a prerequisite for the normal mitochondrial functioning. However, in different pathological conditions it is advisable to slightly reduce the membrane potential, while maintaining it at levels sufficient to produce ATP that will ensure the normal functioning of the cell. A number of chemical agents have been found to provide mild uncoupling; however, natural proteins residing in mitochondrial membrane can carry this mission, such as proteins from the UCP family, an adenine nucleotide translocator and a dicarboxylate carrier. In this study, we demonstrated that the butyl ester of rhodamine 19, C4R1, binds to the components of the mitochondrial ATP synthase complex due to electrostatic interaction and has a good uncoupling effect. The more hydrophobic derivative C12R1 binds poorly to mitochondria with less uncoupling activity. Mass spectrometry confirmed that C4R1 binds to the β-subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase and based on molecular docking, a C4R1 binding model was constructed suggesting the binding site on the interface between the α- and β-subunits, close to the anionic amino acid residues of the β-subunit. The association of the uncoupling effect with binding suggests that the ATP synthase complex can provide induced uncoupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubava D. Zorova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina B. Pevzner
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ljudmila S. Khailova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina A. Korshunova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina A. Kovaleva
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid I. Kovalev
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V. Serebryakova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis N. Silachev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman V. Sudakov
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Savva D. Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana I. Rokitskaya
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily A. Popkov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.Y.P.); (Y.N.A.); (D.B.Z.); Tel.: +7-495-939-5944 (E.Y.P.)
| | - Yuri N. Antonenko
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.Y.P.); (Y.N.A.); (D.B.Z.); Tel.: +7-495-939-5944 (E.Y.P.)
| | - Dmitry B. Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.Y.P.); (Y.N.A.); (D.B.Z.); Tel.: +7-495-939-5944 (E.Y.P.)
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Zhang J, Gao B, Ye B, Sun Z, Qian Z, Yu L, Bi Y, Ma L, Ding Y, Du Y, Wang W, Mao Z. Mitochondrial-Targeted Delivery of Polyphenol-Mediated Antioxidases Complexes against Pyroptosis and Inflammatory Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208571. [PMID: 36648306 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Excess accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) is a key target for inhibiting pyroptosis-induced inflammation and tissue damage. However, targeted delivery of drugs to mitochondria and efficient clearance of mtROS remain challenging. In current study, it is discovered that polyphenols such as tannic acid (TA) can mediate the targeting of polyphenol/antioxidases complexes to mitochondria. This affinity does not depend on mitochondrial membrane potential but stems from the strong binding of TA to mitochondrial outer membrane proteins. Taking advantage of the feasibility of self-assembly between TA and proteins, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and TA are assembled into complexes (referred to as TSC) for efficient enzymatic activity maintenance. In vitro fluorescence confocal imaging shows that TSC not only promoted the uptake of biological enzymes in hepatocytes but also highly overlapped with mitochondria after lysosomal escape. The results from an in vitro model of hepatocyte oxidative stress demonstrate that TSC efficiently scavenges excess mtROS and reverses mitochondrial depolarization, thereby inhibiting inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. More interestingly, TSC maintain superior efficacy compared with the clinical gold standard drug N-acetylcysteine in both acetaminophen- and D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced pyroptosis-related hepatitis mouse models. In conclusion, this study opens a new paradigm for targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress to inhibit pyroptosis and treat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Bingqiang Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Binglin Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zhongquan Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zhefeng Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lisha Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Bi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Lie Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
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Fields M, Marcuzzi A, Gonelli A, Celeghini C, Maximova N, Rimondi E. Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants, an Innovative Class of Antioxidant Compounds for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Perspectives and Limitations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043739. [PMID: 36835150 PMCID: PMC9960436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases comprise a wide spectrum of pathologies characterized by progressive loss of neuronal functions and structures. Despite having different genetic backgrounds and etiology, in recent years, many studies have highlighted a point of convergence in the mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration: mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been observed in different pathologies, and their detrimental effects on neurons contribute to the exacerbation of the pathological phenotype at various degrees. In this context, increasing relevance has been acquired by antioxidant therapies, with the purpose of restoring mitochondrial functions in order to revert the neuronal damage. However, conventional antioxidants were not able to specifically accumulate in diseased mitochondria, often eliciting harmful effects on the whole body. In the last decades, novel, precise, mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (MTA) compounds have been developed and studied, both in vitro and in vivo, to address the need to counter the oxidative stress in mitochondria and restore the energy supply and membrane potentials in neurons. In this review, we focus on the activity and therapeutic perspectives of MitoQ, SkQ1, MitoVitE and MitoTEMPO, the most studied compounds belonging to the class of MTA conjugated to lipophilic cations, in order to reach the mitochondrial compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fields
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Marcuzzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Arianna Gonelli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Celeghini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Natalia Maximova
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Erika Rimondi
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Altered Mitochondrial Morphology and Bioenergetics in a New Yeast Model Expressing Aβ42. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020900. [PMID: 36674415 PMCID: PMC9862424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable, age-related neurological disorder, the most common form of dementia. Considering that AD is a multifactorial complex disease, simplified experimental models are required for its analysis. For this purpose, genetically modified Yarrowia lipolytica yeast strains expressing Aβ42 (the main biomarker of AD), eGFP-Aβ42, Aβ40, and eGFP-Aβ40 were constructed and examined. In contrast to the cells expressing eGFP and eGFP-Aβ40, retaining "normal" mitochondrial reticulum, eGFP-Aβ42 cells possessed a disturbed mitochondrial reticulum with fragmented mitochondria; this was partially restored by preincubation with a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQThy. Aβ42 expression also elevated ROS production and cell death; low concentrations of SkQThy mitigated these effects. Aβ42 expression caused mitochondrial dysfunction as inferred from a loose coupling of respiration and phosphorylation, the decreased level of ATP production, and the enhanced rate of hydrogen peroxide formation. Therefore, we have obtained the same results described for other AD models. Based on an analysis of these and earlier data, we suggest that the mitochondrial fragmentation might be a biomarker of the earliest preclinical stage of AD with an effective therapy based on mitochondria- targeted antioxidants. The simple yeast model constructed can be a useful platform for the rapid screening of such compounds.
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Cao B, Qin J, Pan B, Qazi IH, Ye J, Fang Y, Zhou G. Oxidative Stress and Oocyte Cryopreservation: Recent Advances in Mitigation Strategies Involving Antioxidants. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223573. [PMID: 36429002 PMCID: PMC9688603 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyte cryopreservation is widely used in assisted-reproductive technology and animal production. However, cryopreservation not only induces a massive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oocytes, but also leads to oxidative-stress-inflicted damage to mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. These stresses lead to damage to the spindle, DNA, proteins, and lipids, ultimately reducing the developmental potential of oocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Although oocytes can mitigate oxidative stress via intrinsic antioxidant systems, the formation of ribonucleoprotein granules, mitophagy, and the cryopreservation-inflicted oxidative damage cannot be completely eliminated. Therefore, exogenous antioxidants such as melatonin and resveratrol are widely used in oocyte cryopreservation to reduce oxidative damage through direct or indirect scavenging of ROS. In this review, we discuss analysis of various oxidative stresses induced by oocyte cryopreservation, the impact of antioxidants against oxidative damage, and their underlying mechanisms. We hope that this literature review can provide a reference for improving the efficiency of oocyte cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beijia Cao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jianpeng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Izhar Hyder Qazi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand 67210, Pakistan
| | - Jiangfeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- Correspondence: (Y.F.); (G.Z.); Tel.: +86-431-8554-2291 (Y.F.); +86-28-8629-1010 (G.Z.)
| | - Guangbin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (Y.F.); (G.Z.); Tel.: +86-431-8554-2291 (Y.F.); +86-28-8629-1010 (G.Z.)
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Al-Attar R, Storey KB. Lessons from nature: Leveraging the freeze-tolerant wood frog as a model to improve organ cryopreservation and biobanking. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 261:110747. [PMID: 35460874 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The freeze-tolerant wood frog, Rana sylvatica, is one of the very few vertebrate species known to endure full body freezing in winter and thaw in early spring without any significant sign of damage. Once frozen, wood frogs show no cardiac or lung activity, brain function, or physical movement yet resume full physiological and biochemical functions within hours after thawing. The miraculous ability to tolerate such extreme stresses makes wood frogs an attractive model for identifying the molecular mechanisms that can promote freeze/thaw endurance. Recapitulating these pro-survival strategies in transplantable human cells and organs could improve viability post-thaw leading to better post-transplant outcomes, in addition to providing more time for adequate distribution of these transplantable materials across larger geographical areas. Indeed, several laboratories are beginning to mimic the pro-survival responses observed in wood frogs to preservation of human cells, tissues and organs and, to date, a few trials have been successful in extending preservation time prior to transplantation. In this review, we discuss the biology of the freeze-tolerant wood frog, current advances in biobanking based on these animals, and extend our discussion to future prospects for cryopreservation as an aid to regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Al-Attar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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9
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Banerjee P, Saha I, Sarkar D, Maiti AK. Contributions and Limitations of Mitochondria-Targeted and Non-Targeted Antioxidants in the Treatment of Parkinsonism: an Updated Review. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:847-873. [PMID: 35386026 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As conventional therapeutics can only treat the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), major focus of research in recent times is to slow down or prevent the progression of neuronal degeneration in PD. Non-targeted antioxidants have been an integral part of the conventional therapeutics regimen; however, their importance have lessened over time because of their controversial outcomes in clinical PD trials. Inability to permeate and localize within the mitochondria remains the main drawback on the part of non-targeted antioxidants inspite of possessing free radical scavenging properties. In contrast, mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants (MTAs), a special class of compounds have emerged having high advantages over non-targeted antioxidants by virtue of efficient pharmacokinetics and better absorption rate with capability to localize many fold inside the mitochondrial matrix. Preclinical experimentations indicate that MTAs have the potential to act as better alternatives compared to conventional non-targeted antioxidants in treating PD; however, sufficient clinical trials have not been conducted to investigate the efficacies of MTAs in treating PD. Controversial clinical outcomes on the part of non-targeted antioxidants and lack of clinical trials involving MTAs have made it difficult to go ahead with a direct comparison and in turn have slowed down the progress of development of safer and better alternate strategies in treating PD. This review provides an insight on the roles MTAs and non-targeted antioxidants have played in the treatment of PD till date in preclinical and clinical settings and discusses about the limitations of mitochondria-targeted and non-targeted antioxidants that can be resolved for developing effective strategies in treating Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyajit Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, Pin-713104, India
| | - Ishita Saha
- Department of Physiology, Medical College Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, Pin-700073, India
| | - Diptendu Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah, West Bengal, 711202, India
| | - Arpan Kumar Maiti
- Mitochondrial Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, District - Darjeeling, P.O. N.B.U, Raja Rammohunpur, West Bengal, Pin-734013, India.
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10
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Qvit N, Lin AJ, Elezaby A, Ostberg NP, Campos JC, Ferreira JCB, Mochly-Rosen D. A Selective Inhibitor of Cardiac Troponin I Phosphorylation by Delta Protein Kinase C (δPKC) as a Treatment for Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:271. [PMID: 35337069 PMCID: PMC8950820 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality, with myocardial injury occurring during ischemia and subsequent reperfusion (IR). We previously showed that the inhibition of protein kinase C delta (δPKC) with a pan-inhibitor (δV1-1) mitigates myocardial injury and improves mitochondrial function in animal models of IR, and in humans with acute myocardial infarction, when treated at the time of opening of the occluded blood vessel, at reperfusion. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a key sarcomeric protein in cardiomyocyte contraction, is phosphorylated by δPKC during reperfusion. Here, we describe a rationally-designed, selective, high-affinity, eight amino acid peptide that inhibits cTnI's interaction with, and phosphorylation by, δPKC (ψTnI), and prevents tissue injury in a Langendorff model of myocardial infarction, ex vivo. Unexpectedly, we also found that this treatment attenuates IR-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. These data suggest that δPKC phosphorylation of cTnI is critical in IR injury, and that a cTnI/δPKC interaction inhibitor should be considered as a therapeutic target to reduce cardiac injury after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Qvit
- Center for Clinical Sciences Research, Department of Chemical & Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr. Room 3145, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (N.Q.); (A.J.L.); (A.E.); (N.P.O.); (J.C.B.F.)
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Amanda J. Lin
- Center for Clinical Sciences Research, Department of Chemical & Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr. Room 3145, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (N.Q.); (A.J.L.); (A.E.); (N.P.O.); (J.C.B.F.)
| | - Aly Elezaby
- Center for Clinical Sciences Research, Department of Chemical & Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr. Room 3145, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (N.Q.); (A.J.L.); (A.E.); (N.P.O.); (J.C.B.F.)
| | - Nicolai P. Ostberg
- Center for Clinical Sciences Research, Department of Chemical & Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr. Room 3145, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (N.Q.); (A.J.L.); (A.E.); (N.P.O.); (J.C.B.F.)
| | - Juliane C. Campos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Julio C. B. Ferreira
- Center for Clinical Sciences Research, Department of Chemical & Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr. Room 3145, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (N.Q.); (A.J.L.); (A.E.); (N.P.O.); (J.C.B.F.)
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Center for Clinical Sciences Research, Department of Chemical & Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr. Room 3145, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (N.Q.); (A.J.L.); (A.E.); (N.P.O.); (J.C.B.F.)
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11
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Xing CH, Wang Y, Liu JC, Pan ZN, Zhang HL, Sun SC, Zhang Y. Melatonin reverses mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of Sudan I-exposed mouse oocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112783. [PMID: 34544023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sudan I is one of the industry dyes and widely used in cosmetics, wax agent, solvent and textile. Sudan I has multiple toxicity such as carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, genotoxicity and oxidative damage. However, Sudan I has been illegally used as colorant in food products, triggering worldwide attention about food safety. Nevertheless, the toxicity of Sudan I on reproduction, particularly on oocyte maturation is still unclear. In the present study, using mouse in vivo models, we report the toxicity effects of Sudan I on mouse oocyte. The results reflect that Sudan I exposure disrupts spindle organization and chromosomes alignment as well as cortical actin distribution, thus leading to the failure of polar body extrusion. Based on the transcriptome results, it is found that the exposure of Sudan I leads to the change in expression of 764 genes. Moreover, it's further reflected that the damaging effects of Sudan I are mediated by the destruction of mitochondrial functions, which induces the accumulated ROS to stimulate oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. As an endogenous hormone, melatonin within the ovarian follicle plays function on improving oocyte quality and female reproduction by efficiently suppressing oxidative stress. Moreover, melatonin supplementation also improves oocyte quality and increases fertilization rate during in vitro culture. Consistent with these, we find that in vivo supplementation of melatonin efficaciously suppresses mitochondrial dysfunction and the accompanying apoptosis, thus reverses oocyte meiotic deteriorations. Collectively, our results prove the reproduction toxicity of Sudan I for the exposure of Sudan I reduces the oocyte quality, and demonstrate the protective effects of melatonin against Sudan I-induced meiotic deteriorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing-Cai Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhen-Nan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao-Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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12
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Neuroprotective Potential of Mild Uncoupling in Mitochondria. Pros and Cons. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081050. [PMID: 34439669 PMCID: PMC8392724 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been an explosion of interest in the use of uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria in the treatment of several pathologies, including neurological ones. In this review, we analyzed all the mechanisms associated with mitochondrial uncoupling and the metabolic and signaling cascades triggered by uncouplers. We provide a full set of positive and negative effects that should be taken into account when using uncouplers in experiments and clinical practice.
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13
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Wongtanasarasin W, Siri-Angkul N, Wittayachamnankul B, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Mitochondrial dysfunction in fatal ventricular arrhythmias. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13624. [PMID: 33555138 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ventricular fibrillation (VF) and sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) remain some of the most important public health concerns worldwide. For the past 50 years, the recommendation in the Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) guidelines has been that defibrillation is the only option for shockable cardiac arrest. There is growing evidence to demonstrate that mitochondria play a vital role in the outcome of postresuscitation cardiac function. Although targeting mitochondria to improve resuscitation outcome following cardiac arrest has been proposed for many years, understanding concerning the changes in mitochondria during cardiac arrest, especially in the case of VF, is still limited. In addition, despite new research initiatives and improved medical technology, the overall survival rates of patients with SCA still remain the same. Understanding cardiac mitochondrial alterations during fatal arrhythmias may help to enable the formulation of strategies to improve the outcomes of resuscitation. The attenuation of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction during VF through pharmacological intervention as well as ischaemic postconditioning could also be a promising target for intervention and inform a new paradigm of treatments. In this review, the existing evidence available from in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies regarding the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction during VF is comprehensively summarized and discussed. In addition, the effects of interventions targeting cardiac mitochondria during fatal ventricular arrhythmias are presented. Since there are no clinical reports from studies targeting mitochondria to improve resuscitation outcome available, this review will provide important information to encourage further investigations in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wachira Wongtanasarasin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Natthaphat Siri-Angkul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Borwon Wittayachamnankul
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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14
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Gualtieri R, Kalthur G, Barbato V, Di Nardo M, Adiga SK, Talevi R. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Caused by Cryopreservation in Reproductive Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030337. [PMID: 33668300 PMCID: PMC7996228 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, fundamental organelles in cell metabolism, and ATP synthesis are responsible for generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium homeostasis, and cell death. Mitochondria produce most ROS, and when levels exceed the antioxidant defenses, oxidative stress (OS) is generated. These changes may eventually impair the electron transport chain, resulting in decreased ATP synthesis, increased ROS production, altered mitochondrial membrane permeability, and disruption of calcium homeostasis. Mitochondria play a key role in the gamete competence to facilitate normal embryo development. However, iatrogenic factors in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) may affect their functional competence, leading to an abnormal reproductive outcome. Cryopreservation, a fundamental technology in ART, may compromise mitochondrial function leading to elevated intracellular OS that decreases sperm and oocytes' competence and the dynamics of fertilization and embryo development. This article aims to review the role played by mitochondria and ROS in sperm and oocyte function and the close, biunivocal relationships between mitochondrial damage and ROS generation during cryopreservation of gametes and gonadal tissues in different species. Based on current literature, we propose tentative hypothesis of mechanisms involved in cryopreservation-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in gametes, and discuss the role played by antioxidants and other agents to retain the competence of cryopreserved reproductive cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gualtieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.B.); (M.D.N.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, India; (G.K.); (S.K.A.)
| | - Vincenza Barbato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.B.); (M.D.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Maddalena Di Nardo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.B.); (M.D.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Satish Kumar Adiga
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, India; (G.K.); (S.K.A.)
- Centre for Fertility Preservation, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, India
| | - Riccardo Talevi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.B.); (M.D.N.); (R.T.)
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15
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Fock EM, Parnova RG. Protective Effect of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants against Inflammatory Response to Lipopolysaccharide Challenge: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020144. [PMID: 33499252 PMCID: PMC7910823 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is the most abundant proinflammatory agent. Considerable evidence indicates that LPS challenge inescapably causes oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to cell and tissue damage. Increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generation triggered by LPS is known to play a key role in the progression of the inflammatory response. mtROS at excessive levels impair electron transport chain functioning, reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential, and initiate lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage of mitochondrial proteins and mtDNA. Over the past 20 years, a large number of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (mito-AOX) of different structures that can accumulate inside mitochondria and scavenge free radicals have been synthesized. Their protective role based on the prevention of oxidative stress and the restoration of mitochondrial function has been demonstrated in a variety of common diseases and pathological states. This paper reviews the current data on the beneficial application of different mito-AOX in animal endotoxemia models, in either in vivo or in vitro experiments. The results presented in our review demonstrate the promising potential of approaches based on mito-AOX in the development of new treatment strategies against Gram-negative infections and LPS per se.
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16
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Rogov AG, Goleva TN, Epremyan KK, Kireev II, Zvyagilskaya RA. Propagation of Mitochondria-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species within the Dipodascus magnusii Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010120. [PMID: 33467672 PMCID: PMC7830518 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are considered to be the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell. It was shown that in cardiac myocytes exposed to excessive oxidative stress, ROS-induced ROS release is triggered. However, cardiac myocytes have a network of densely packed organelles that do not move, which is not typical for the majority of eukaryotic cells. The purpose of this study was to trace the spatiotemporal development (propagation) of prooxidant-induced oxidative stress and its interplay with mitochondrial dynamics. We used Dipodascus magnusii yeast cells as a model, as they have advantages over other models, including a uniquely large size, mitochondria that are easy to visualize and freely moving, an ability to vigorously grow on well-defined low-cost substrates, and high responsibility. It was shown that prooxidant-induced oxidative stress was initiated in mitochondria, far preceding the appearance of generalized oxidative stress in the whole cell. For yeasts, these findings were obtained for the first time. Preincubation of yeast cells with SkQ1, a mitochondria-addressed antioxidant, substantially diminished production of mitochondrial ROS, while only slightly alleviating the generalized oxidative stress. This was expected, but had not yet been shown. Importantly, mitochondrial fragmentation was found to be primarily induced by mitochondrial ROS preceding the generalized oxidative stress development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton G. Rogov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia; (A.G.R.); (T.N.G.); (K.K.E.)
| | - Tatiana N. Goleva
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia; (A.G.R.); (T.N.G.); (K.K.E.)
| | - Khoren K. Epremyan
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia; (A.G.R.); (T.N.G.); (K.K.E.)
| | - Igor I. Kireev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1, Moscow 119992, Russia;
| | - Renata A. Zvyagilskaya
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia; (A.G.R.); (T.N.G.); (K.K.E.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Williamson J, Davison G. Targeted Antioxidants in Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress: Emphasis on DNA Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1142. [PMID: 33213007 PMCID: PMC7698504 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise simultaneously incites beneficial (e.g., signal) and harming (e.g., damage to macromolecules) effects, likely through the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and downstream changes to redox homeostasis. Given the link between nuclear DNA damage and human longevity/pathology, research attempting to modulate DNA damage and restore redox homeostasis through non-selective pleiotropic antioxidants has yielded mixed results. Furthermore, until recently the role of oxidative modifications to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the context of exercising humans has largely been ignored. The development of antioxidant compounds which specifically target the mitochondria has unveiled a number of exciting avenues of exploration which allow for more precise discernment of the pathways involved with the generation of RONS and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Thus, the primary function of this review, and indeed its novel feature, is to highlight the potential roles of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants on perturbations to mitochondrial oxidative stress and the implications for exercise, with special focus on mtDNA damage. A brief synopsis of the current literature addressing the sources of mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, and available mitochondria-targeted antioxidants is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Williamson
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK;
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18
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Comparative Study of Protective Action of Exogenous 2-Cys Peroxiredoxins (Prx1 and Prx2) Under Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080680. [PMID: 32751232 PMCID: PMC7465264 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injuries is based on oxidative stress caused by a sharp increase in the concentration of free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and secondary products of free radical oxidation of biological macromolecules during reperfusion. Application of exogenous antioxidants lowers the level of ROS in the affected tissues, suppresses or adjusts the course of oxidative stress, thereby substantially reducing the severity of I/R injury. We believe that the use of antioxidant enzymes may be the most promising line of effort since they possess higher efficiency than low molecular weight antioxidants. Among antioxidant enzymes, of great interest are peroxiredoxins (Prx1–6) which reduce a wide range of organic and inorganic peroxide substrates. In an animal model of bilateral I/R injury of kidneys (using histological, biochemical, and molecular biological methods) it was shown that intravenous administration of recombinant typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (Prx1 and Prx2) effectively reduces the severity of I/R damage, contributing to the normalization of the structural and functional state of the kidneys and an almost 2-fold increase in the survival of experimental animals. The use of recombinant Prx1 or Prx2 can be an efficient approach for the prevention and treatment of renal I/R injury.
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19
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Klimova N, Fearnow A, Kristian T. Role of NAD +-Modulated Mitochondrial Free Radical Generation in Mechanisms of Acute Brain Injury. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10070449. [PMID: 32674501 PMCID: PMC7408119 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10070449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is commonly accepted that mitochondria represent a major source of free radicals following acute brain injury or during the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells are determined by two opposing mechanisms—the one that produces free radicals and the cellular antioxidant system that eliminates ROS. Thus, the balance between the rate of ROS production and the efficiency of the cellular detoxification process determines the levels of harmful reactive oxygen species. Consequently, increase in free radical levels can be a result of higher rates of ROS production or due to the inhibition of the enzymes that participate in the antioxidant mechanisms. The enzymes’ activity can be modulated by post-translational modifications that are commonly altered under pathologic conditions. In this review we will discuss the mechanisms of mitochondrial free radical production following ischemic insult, mechanisms that protect mitochondria against free radical damage, and the impact of post-ischemic nicotinamide adenine mononucleotide (NAD+) catabolism on mitochondrial protein acetylation that affects ROS generation and mitochondrial dynamics. We propose a mechanism of mitochondrial free radical generation due to a compromised mitochondrial antioxidant system caused by intra-mitochondrial NAD+ depletion. Finally, the interplay between different mechanisms of mitochondrial ROS generation and potential therapeutic approaches are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Klimova
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Center System, 10 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (N.K.); (A.F.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (S.T.A.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Adam Fearnow
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Center System, 10 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (N.K.); (A.F.)
| | - Tibor Kristian
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Center System, 10 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (N.K.); (A.F.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (S.T.A.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence:
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