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Sarkar S, Das DK, Singh A, Laik R, Singh SK, van Es HM, Krishnan K, Singh AK, Das A, Singh U, Elansary HO, Mahmoud EA. Seasonal variations in soil characteristics control microbial respiration and carbon use under tree plantations in the middle gangetic region. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35593. [PMID: 39247289 PMCID: PMC11379560 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Seasonal variations directly impact the biochemical and microbial properties of the soil, influence carbon and nutrient cycling within the soil system. Soils under tree plantation (TP) are rich in organic matter and microbial population, making them more susceptible to seasonal variation. We studied the effect of seasonal variations in soil chemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), C/N ratio etc) and microclimate (moisture and temperature) on microbial respiration (SR), biomass, and carbon (C) utilization efficiency under 13 years old Kadamb (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.), Simaraubha (Simarouba glauca DC), and Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) based TPs in middle Gangetic region. In contrast to higher SR and metabolic quotient (qCO2) in winter, the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) in fall > summer > spring > winter, irrespective of TPs. The positive relationship between qCO2 and C/N ratios strongly supports the dependence of microbes on soil carbon for respiration. qCO2 had a significantly positive relationship with soil moisture (MC) and Electrical conductivity (EC), but a significantly negative relationship with temperature and pH. Higher MBN/TN and MBC/TOC ratios fall under simaraubha, and litchi-based TPs indicated more nitrogen (N) and carbon accumulation into microbial biomass. The seasonal variation of MBC/MBN ratios signifies the changes in microbial communities and fungi dominate over bacteria during winter, as bacteria have a lower C/N ratio than fungi. Stepwise regression analysis suggested that soil properties and micro-climate regulated microbial biomass and SR differ with TPs. Thus, the study indicates that microbial activities and biomass production can significantly influence by soil properties and seasonal variations under TPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Sarkar
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, 800014, India
| | - Dipty Kumar Das
- Department of Forestry, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, 848125, India
| | - Abhinandan Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, U.P, 224229, India
| | - Ranjan Laik
- Department of Soil Science, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, 848125, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Department of Soil Science, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, 848125, India
| | - Harold M van Es
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kavya Krishnan
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Gelderland, Netherlands
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, U.P., 284003, India
| | - Anup Das
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, 800014, India
| | - Utkarsh Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, U.P, 224229, India
| | - Hosam O Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A Mahmoud
- Department of Food Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
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Borowik A, Wyszkowska J, Kucharski J. Bacteria and Soil Enzymes Supporting the Valorization of Forested Soils. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093287. [PMID: 35591626 PMCID: PMC9102912 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
To decompose forest biomass, microorganisms use specific enzymes from the class of oxidoreductases and hydrolases, which are produced by bacteria and soil fungi. In post-agricultural forest soils, bacteria adapt more easily to changing ecological conditions than fungi. The unique features of bacteria, i.e., tolerance and the ability to degrade a wide range of chemical compounds, prompted us to conduct research that contributes to the improvement of the broadly understood circular management of biomass production and economic efficiency. This study aimed to analyze changes in the microbiological activity and the activities of dehydrogenases, catalase, β-glucosidase, urease, arylsulfatase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase in the soil sampled from under Picea abies (Pa), Pinus sylvestris (Ps), Larix decidua (Ld), Quercus robur (Qr), and Betula pendula (Bp), after 19 years. The control object was unforested soil. The studies allowed one to demonstrate the relationship between the activity of soil enzymes and the assemblages of culturable microorganisms and bacteria determined by the metagenomic method and tree species. Thus, it is possible to design the selection of tree species catalyzing enzymatic processes in soil. The strongest growth promoter of microorganisms turned out to be Quercus robur L., followed by Picea abies L., whereas the weakest promoters appeared to be Pinus sylvestris L. and Larix decidua M.
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Bhanwaria R, Singh B, Musarella CM. Effect of Organic Manure and Moisture Regimes on Soil Physiochemical Properties, Microbial Biomass C mic:N mic:P mic Turnover and Yield of Mustard Grains in Arid Climate. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:722. [PMID: 35336604 PMCID: PMC8949599 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Arid conditions occur due to climate abnormality in the different biogeography regions of the world. The aim of this research is to investigate the stoichiometry of manure and moisture regimes on soil properties, microbial biomass C:N:P turnover, and the grain yield of mustard crops under stress in arid conditions; (2) Methods: The field experiment was carried out for 2 years at the farms of the agriculture college of SKN, Jobner (SKRAU Bikaner, Rajasthan). The effects of organic manure, moisture regimes, and saline water treatment on soil properties, such as the soil microbial biomass build-up, loss, turnover, and recycling of carbon (Cmic), nitrogen (Nmic), and phosphorus (Pmic) in the mustard crop were investigated. The twenty-seven treatments studied are described as follows: organic manures (control, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 and vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1), moisture regimes (0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 IW/CPE ratio), and saline irrigation water (control, 6, 12 dSm-1); (3) Results: Our findings indicate that vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 significantly increases moisture retention and the available water in soil at 33 kPa and 1500 kPa. The microbial biomass build-up of Cmic increases by 43.13% over the control and 14.36% over the FYM. Similarly, the soil microbial biomass of Nmic, and Pmic also increase considerably. The SHC of the soil is enhanced by the application of farmyard fertilizer and vermicompost. The BD and pH decrease significantly, while the SHC, OC, CEC, and ECe of the soil increase significantly. The build-up, losses, and fluxes of the soil microbial biomass of Cmic, Nmic, and Pmic increase significantly, and the turnover rate decreases under vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1. A significant increase in grain yield was observed. Irrigation with a 0.8 IW/CPE moisture regime significantly decreases the pH of the SHC; (4) Conclusions: We hypothesized the interactive outcomes of the moisture regime and found that organic manure significantly influenced grain and stover yield. The treatments of quality irrigation water and the addition of organic manure are efficient enough to improve soil properties, water holding capacity, and soil microbial biomass C:N:P in stress climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Bhanwaria
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India;
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Bikarma Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India;
- Botanic Garden Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Carmelo Maria Musarella
- Department of Agraria, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito snc, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
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