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Peer M, Sarig R. The effect of burning on dental tissue: A macroscopic and microscopic investigation. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 358:111987. [PMID: 38547582 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.111987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Teeth are considered unique as fingerprints for identification purposes. Their structure and resilience mean they can remain for thousands and millions of years withstanding extreme conditions, including burning. During burning, bones undergo carbonization at approximately 400°C and calcination at approximately 700°C. This study aimed to investigate the effects of carbonization and calcination on dental tissue. It involved nondestructive analyses of 58 extracted human teeth before and after burning, using x-ray diffraction, micro-CT, and high-resolution confocal microscopy. The results revealed that during carbonization, dentin volume decreased in two thirds of the sample, accompanied by crack formation and significant reduction in hydroxyapatite crystal size (p<0.001). During calcination, dentin volume decreased in all teeth, along with a significant deepening of the cracks (p<0.001), while enamel crystal size increased slightly. Initial changes in teeth occurred at lower temperatures than had once been assumed, as indicated by the cracks during carbonization, and there was up to a 36% decrease in dentin volume during calcination, which should be considered when measuring burnt teeth. The results of this research provide new insight into understanding dental tissue response to burning. Thus, dental remains may contribute to the knowledge needed to reconstruct anthropological and forensic scenarios involving burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Peer
- The Department of Oral Biology, the Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; The Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Rachel Sarig
- The Department of Oral Biology, the Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; The Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Alamoudi R, Kanavakis G, Oeschger ES, Halazonetis D, Gkantidis N. Occlusal characteristics in modern humans with tooth agenesis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5840. [PMID: 38462644 PMCID: PMC10925589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic permanent tooth agenesis affects a significant proportion of the population, especially if third molars are considered. Although tooth agenesis has been linked to a smaller craniofacial size, reduced facial convexity and a shorter skeletal face, the occlusal characteristics of individuals with tooth agenesis remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this study investigated potential associations between tooth agenesis and metric occlusal traits in 806 individuals (491 with 4.1 missing teeth per subject, including third molars, and 315 without any tooth agenesis). Dentoskeletal morphology was defined through anatomical landmarks on pre-treatment cephalometric radiographs. Multivariate regression models, adjusted for sex and age, showed that tooth agenesis was significantly associated with a reduced overjet, an increased interincisal angle, and shorter upper and lower dental arch lengths, but not with overbite. Moreover, apart from reduced tooth length and dentoalveolar effects, as the number of missing teeth increased the upper front teeth were progressively retruded according to the craniofacial complex and to the face. Thus, tooth agenesis has a substantial influence on dental and occlusal characteristics, as well as on the sagittal position and inclination of anterior teeth. These findings emphasize the necessity for personalized, multidisciplinary approaches in individuals with multiple agenesis to successfully meet treatment goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragda Alamoudi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Kanavakis
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB - University School of Dental Medicine, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias S Oeschger
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Demetrios Halazonetis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Gkantidis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Cavare A, Decaup PH, Boileau MJ, Garot E. Patterns and sexual dimorphism of non-syndromic hypodontia among a French orthodontic population. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 159:105894. [PMID: 38232498 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This retrospective study aimed to estimate the prevalence of non-syndromic congenitally missing teeth (CMT) and to explore the frequency of CMT patterns in a French orthodontic population. In addition, the study sought to assess sex-based differences in CMT patterns. DESIGN Panoramic radiographs of 4569 orthodontic patients between 9 and 21 years-old performed over a 16-year period (2006-2022) were examined to identify non-syndromic tooth agenesis, excluding third molars. A chi-square test or a Fisher exact test were used to determine the difference in the prevalence of tooth agenesis between sex and between arches. RESULTS Tooth agenesis was observed in 7.3% of the sample (7.9% for females and 6.6% for males). Approximately 86% of the included subjects presented 1 or 2 missing teeth. Single tooth agenesis was significantly more frequent in females than males (p = 0.002, χ2). In total, 23 of the 67 different patterns of CMT observed, were present more than once. 75.5% of male patients and 79.5% of female patients presented one or both missing lateral incisors or second premolars, rarely affected at the same time. This study showed no sex difference in the patterns of tooth agenesis. LIMITATIONS This study has limitations due to its retrospective nature and our findings apply solely to an orthodontic population from a white ethnic background. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should be aware of this particular incisor/premolar phenotype regardless of biological sex. Issues associated with congenitally missing teeth can be managed more effectively with early teenage diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Cavare
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR 5199, Pessac F-33600, France
| | - Pierre-Hadrien Decaup
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR 5199, Pessac F-33600, France; Univ. de Bordeaux, UFR des Sciences Odontologiques, Bordeaux, France; Centre de Compétence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, CCMR O-Rares, C.H.U. de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-José Boileau
- Univ. de Bordeaux, UFR des Sciences Odontologiques, Bordeaux, France; Centre de Compétence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, CCMR O-Rares, C.H.U. de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Elsa Garot
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR 5199, Pessac F-33600, France; Univ. de Bordeaux, UFR des Sciences Odontologiques, Bordeaux, France; Centre de Compétence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, CCMR O-Rares, C.H.U. de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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Henninger E, Friedli L, Makrygiannakis MA, Zymperdikas VF, Papadopoulos MA, Kanavakis G, Gkantidis N. Supernumerary Tooth Patterns in Non-Syndromic White European Subjects. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:230. [PMID: 37886915 PMCID: PMC10605437 DOI: 10.3390/dj11100230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Supernumerary teeth form at an incidence of about 3% in the population, with differences among races and various clinical consequences. Information on detailed patterns, and especially on white subjects, is scarce in the literature. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the patterns of non-syndromic permanent supernumerary teeth in a white European population. A record review was performed in different orthodontic clinics and identified 207 eligible individuals with 258 supernumerary teeth. Approximately 80% of the subjects had one supernumerary tooth, while 15% had two. Supernumerary tooth formation was more often evident in males (male/female: 1.65). However, there was no sexual dimorphism in its severity. The following pattern sequences, with decreasing prevalence order, were observed in the maxilla: 21 > 11 > 12 > 18 > 28 and in the mandible: 34 > 44 > 35 > 45 > 42. Supernumerary teeth were most often unilaterally present, without sexual dimorphism. In the maxilla, they were more often anteriorly present, whereas in the mandible, an opposite tendency was observed. Supernumerary teeth were consistently more often observed in the maxilla than in the mandible; 74% were impacted, 80% had normal orientation (13% horizontal, 7% inverted), and 53% had normal size. The present thorough supernumerary tooth pattern assessment enables a better understanding of this condition with clinical, developmental, and evolutionary implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Henninger
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (E.H.); (L.F.)
| | - Luca Friedli
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (E.H.); (L.F.)
| | - Miltiadis A. Makrygiannakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vasileios F. Zymperdikas
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.F.Z.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Moschos A. Papadopoulos
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.F.Z.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Georgios Kanavakis
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB—University School of Dental Medicine, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Nikolaos Gkantidis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (E.H.); (L.F.)
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Kerekes-Máthé B, Mártha K, Bănescu C, O’Donnell MB, Brook AH. Genetic and Morphological Variation in Hypodontia of Maxillary Lateral Incisors. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:231. [PMID: 36672972 PMCID: PMC9858681 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Hypodontia has a multifactorial aetiology, in which genetic factors are a major component. Associated with this congenital absence, the formed teeth may show differences in size and shape, which may vary with the specific genetic variants and with the location of the missing teeth. The aims of the present study were to investigate a specific variant of MSX1, derive morphometric tooth measurements in a sample of patients with isolated maxillary lateral incisor agenesis and matched controls, and model the findings. (2) Methods: Genotyping of the MSX1 rs8670 genetic variant and morphometric measurements with a 2D image analysis method were performed for 26 hypodontia patients and 26 matched controls. (3) Results: The risk of upper lateral incisor agenesis was 6.9 times higher when the T allele was present. The morphometric parameters showed significant differences between hypodontia patients and controls and between the unilateral and bilateral agenesis cases. The most affected crown dimension in the hypodontia patients was the bucco-lingual dimension. In crown shape there was significant variation the Carabelli trait in upper first molars. (4) Conclusions: The MSX1 rs8670 variant was associated with variations in morphological outcomes. The new findings for compensatory interactions between the maxillary incisors indicate that epigenetic and environmental factors interact with this genetic variant. A single-level directional complex interactive network model incorporates the variations seen in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Kerekes-Máthé
- Department of Morphology of Teeth and Dental Arches, Faculty of Dentistry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu-Mures, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Krisztina Mártha
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu-Mures, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Claudia Bănescu
- Genetics Laboratory, Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu-Mures, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania
| | | | - Alan H. Brook
- School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Dental Institute, Barts and the London Medical Faculty, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
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