1
|
Yaman Y, Kişi YE, Şengül SS, Yıldırım Y, Bay V. Unveiling genetic signatures associated with resilience to neonatal diarrhea in lambs through two GWAS approaches. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13072. [PMID: 38844604 PMCID: PMC11156902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonatal diarrhea presents a significant global challenge due to its multifactorial etiology, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates, and substantial economic losses. While molecular-level studies on genetic resilience/susceptibility to neonatal diarrhea in farm animals are scarce, prior observations indicate promising research directions. Thus, the present study utilizes two genome-wide association approaches, pKWmEB and MLM, to explore potential links between genetic variations in innate immunity and neonatal diarrhea in Karacabey Merino lambs. Analyzing 707 lambs, including 180 cases and 527 controls, revealed an overall prevalence rate of 25.5%. The pKWmEB analysis identified 13 significant SNPs exceeding the threshold of ≥ LOD 3. Moreover, MLM detected one SNP (s61781.1) in the SLC22A8 gene (p-value, 1.85eE-7), which was co-detected by both methods. A McNemar's test was conducted as the final assessment to identify whether there are any major effective markers among the detected SNPs. Results indicate that four markers-oar3_OAR1_122352257, OAR17_77709936.1, oar3_OAR18_17278638, and s61781.1-have a substantial impact on neonatal diarrhea prevalence (odds ratio: 2.03 to 3.10; statistical power: 0.88 to 0.99). Therefore, we propose the annotated genes harboring three of the associated markers, TIAM1, YDJC, and SLC22A8, as candidate major genes for selective breeding against neonatal diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalçın Yaman
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, 56000, Türkiye.
| | - Yiğit Emir Kişi
- Sheep Research and Breeding Institute, Bandırma Balikesir, Türkiye
| | - Serkan S Şengül
- Sheep Research and Breeding Institute, Bandırma Balikesir, Türkiye
| | - Yasin Yıldırım
- Sheep Research and Breeding Institute, Bandırma Balikesir, Türkiye
| | - Veysel Bay
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, İzmir, 35100, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pedersen ML, Pedersen DV, Winkler MBL, Olesen HG, Søgaard OS, Østergaard L, Laursen NS, Rahimic AHF, Tolstrup M. Nanobody-mediated complement activation to kill HIV-infected cells. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16422. [PMID: 36799046 PMCID: PMC10086584 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system which is part of the innate immune response against invading pathogens represents a powerful mechanism for killing of infected cells. Utilizing direct complement recruitment for complement-mediated elimination of HIV-1-infected cells is underexplored. We developed a novel therapeutic modality to direct complement activity to the surface of HIV-1-infected cells. This bispecific complement engager (BiCE) is comprised of a nanobody recruiting the complement-initiating protein C1q, and single-chain variable fragments of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the HIV-1 envelope (Env) protein. Here, we show that two anti-HIV BiCEs targeting the V3 loop and the CD4 binding site, respectively, increase C3 deposition and mediate complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of HIV-1 Env-expressing Raji cells. Furthermore, anti-HIV BiCEs trigger complement activation on primary CD4 T cells infected with laboratory-adapted HIV-1 strain and facilitates elimination of HIV-1-infected cells over time. In summary, we present a novel approach to direct complement deposition to the surface of HIV-1-infected cells leading to complement-mediated killing of these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heidi Gytz Olesen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Schmeltz Søgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Østergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zarantonello A, Revel M, Grunenwald A, Roumenina LT. C3-dependent effector functions of complement. Immunol Rev 2023; 313:120-138. [PMID: 36271889 PMCID: PMC10092904 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
C3 is the central effector molecule of the complement system, mediating its multiple functions through different binding sites and their corresponding receptors. We will introduce the C3 forms (native C3, C3 [H2 O], and intracellular C3), the C3 fragments C3a, C3b, iC3b, and C3dg/C3d, and the C3 expression sites. To highlight the important role that C3 plays in human biological processes, we will give an overview of the diseases linked to C3 deficiency and to uncontrolled C3 activation. Next, we will present a structural description of C3 activation and of the C3 fragments generated by complement regulation. We will proceed by describing the C3a interaction with the anaphylatoxin receptor, followed by the interactions of opsonins (C3b, iC3b, and C3dg/C3d) with complement receptors, divided into two groups: receptors bearing complement regulatory functions and the effector receptors without complement regulatory activity. We outline the molecular architecture of the receptors, their binding sites on the C3 activation fragments, the cells expressing them, the diversity of their functions, and recent advances. With this review, we aim to give an up-to-date analysis of the processes triggered by C3 activation fragments on different cell types in health and disease contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zarantonello
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Margot Revel
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anne Grunenwald
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lubka T Roumenina
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pedersen H, Jensen RK, Hansen AG, Petersen SV, Thiel S, Laursen NS, Andersen GR. Structure-Guided Engineering of a Complement Component C3-Binding Nanobody Improves Specificity and Adds Cofactor Activity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:872536. [PMID: 35935935 PMCID: PMC9352930 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a part of the innate immune system, where it labels intruding pathogens as well as dying host cells for clearance. If complement regulation is compromised, the system may contribute to pathogenesis. The proteolytic fragment C3b of complement component C3, is the pivot point of the complement system and provides a scaffold for the assembly of the alternative pathway C3 convertase that greatly amplifies the initial complement activation. This makes C3b an attractive therapeutic target. We previously described a nanobody, hC3Nb1 binding to C3 and its degradation products. Here we show, that extending the N-terminus of hC3Nb1 by a Glu-Trp-Glu motif renders the resulting EWE-hC3Nb1 (EWE) nanobody specific for C3 degradation products. By fusing EWE to N-terminal CCP domains from complement Factor H (FH), we generated the fusion proteins EWEnH and EWEµH. In contrast to EWE, these fusion proteins supported Factor I (FI)-mediated cleavage of human and rat C3b. The EWE, EWEµH, and EWEnH proteins bound C3b and iC3b with low nanomolar dissociation constants and exerted strong inhibition of alternative pathway-mediated deposition of complement. Interestingly, EWEnH remained soluble above 20 mg/mL. Combined with the observed reactivity with both human and rat C3b as well as the ability to support FI-mediated cleavage of C3b, this features EWEnH as a promising candidate for in vivo studies in rodent models of complement driven pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nick Stub Laursen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers Rom Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Gregers Rom Andersen,
| |
Collapse
|