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Zhao L, Zhang Y, Yin Q, Chen G, Li W, Li N. Research progress on the toxicity of toxic Traditional Herbals from Thymelaeaceae. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117594. [PMID: 38110134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants from the Thymelaeaceae family are widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions, with approximately 113 species used as Traditional Herbals. There are numerous applications for them, such as treating leukemia, AIDS, and liver cancer. It should be noted that around 20% of these plants have shown harmful side effects when used in clinical applications, including solid irritations to the skin and mucous membranes, carcinogenic effects, organ damage, vomiting, and diarrhea. AIM OF THE STUDY This paper aims to review the toxic side effects, toxic compounds, toxic mechanisms, and detoxification methods of Traditional Herbals in Thymelaeaceae, guiding their safe clinical uses. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review employed the keywords "Thymelaeaceae," 48 different "genus," 966 "species," and the combination of "toxicity" to identify the medicinal value and toxicity of plants from Thymelaeaceae in scientific databases (Pubmed, SciFinder Scholar, Elsevier, Web of Science, and CNKI). Information relevant to the toxicity of Traditional Herbals from Thymelaeaceae up to June 2023 has been summarized. The plant names have been checked with "World Flora Online" (www.worldfloraonline.org). RESULTS 28 toxic Traditional Herbals from 13 genera within the Thymelaeaceae family were categorized. Toxicities were summarized at the cellular, animal, and clinical levels. The toxic substances are primarily concentrated in the Daphne L. and Wikstroemia Endl. genera, with terpenes being the main toxic components. The toxicity mechanism is primarily associated with the mitochondrial pathways. Detoxification and enhanced efficacy can be achieved through processing methods such as vinegar-processing and sweat-soaking. CONCLUSIONS Medicinal plants in the Thymelaeaceae exhibit significant pharmacological activities, such as anti-HIV and anti-tumor effects, indicating a broad potential for application. However, their clinical uses are hindered by their inherent toxicity. Researching the toxic components and mechanisms of these Traditional Herbals and exploring more effective detoxification methods can contribute to unveiling the latent value of these medicinal plants from Thymelaeaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingnan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qianqian Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Ma RF, Liu H, Zhao XC, Shan P, Sun P, Xue JJ, Wei G, Zhang H. Meroterpenoids from Daphne genkwa shows promising in vitro antitumor activity via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in A549 cells. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106803. [PMID: 37659144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation into the leaves and branches of Daphne genkwa afforded 25 meroterpenoids (1-16) including nine pairs of enantiomers (1a/1b-8a/8b and 12a/12b), among which 20 compounds have been reported in the present work for the first time. The structures with absolute configurations of the new molecules (excluding 10-13) were established via comprehensive spectroscopic analyses especially electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and Mosher's methods. A preliminary in vitro cell viability assay revealed remarkable cytotoxicities of selective compounds against A549 (lung), Hela (cervical), MDA-MB231 (breast) and MCF-7 (breast) cancer cells, and compound 8a showed the best inhibitory activity with IC50 values in the range of 3.12-4.67 μM toward the four cell lines. Subsequent in vitro antitumor evaluation of 8a disclosed that it could inhibit the proliferation and metastasis, as well as induce significant apoptosis and cycle arrest, of A549 cells. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that 8a could exert its antitumor activity via inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Fen Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hu Liu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xue-Chun Zhao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Peipei Shan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Ping Sun
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jun-Juan Xue
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai 264199, China
| | - Guodong Wei
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai 264199, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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Zhang M, Otsuki K, Takahashi R, Kikuchi T, Zhou D, Li N, Li W. Identification of Daphnane Diterpenoids from Wikstroemia indica Using Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3620. [PMID: 37896083 PMCID: PMC10609749 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has emerged as a powerful tool for the rapid identification of compounds within natural resources. Daphnane diterpenoids, a class of natural compounds predominantly found in plants belonging to the Thymelaeaceae and Euphorbiaceae families, have attracted much attention due to their remarkable anticancer and anti-HIV activities. In the present study, the presence of daphnane diterpenoids in Wikstroemia indica, a plant belonging to the Thymelaeaceae family, was investigated by LC-MS/MS analysis. As a result, 21 daphnane diterpenoids (1-21) in the stems of W. indica were detected. Among these, six major compounds (12, 15, 17, 18, 20, and 21) were isolated and their structures were unequivocally identified through a comprehensive analysis of the MS and NMR data. For the minor compounds (1-11, 13, 14, 16, and 19), their structures were elucidated by in-depth MS/MS fragmentation analysis. This study represents the first disclosure of structurally diverse daphnane diterpenoids in W. indica, significantly contributing to our understanding of bioactive diterpenoids in plants within the Thymelaeaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi 274-8510, Chiba, Japan; (M.Z.); (T.K.)
| | - Kouharu Otsuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi 274-8510, Chiba, Japan; (M.Z.); (T.K.)
| | - Reo Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi 274-8510, Chiba, Japan; (M.Z.); (T.K.)
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi 274-8510, Chiba, Japan; (M.Z.); (T.K.)
| | - Di Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (D.Z.); (N.L.)
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (D.Z.); (N.L.)
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi 274-8510, Chiba, Japan; (M.Z.); (T.K.)
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Otsuki K, Li W. Tigliane and daphnane diterpenoids from Thymelaeaceae family: chemistry, biological activity, and potential in drug discovery. J Nat Med 2023; 77:625-643. [PMID: 37294498 PMCID: PMC10465420 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tigliane and daphnane diterpenoids are characteristically distributed in plants of the Thymelaeaceae family as well as the Euphorbiaceae family and are structurally diverse due to the presence of polyoxygenated functionalities in the polycyclic skeleton. These diterpenoids are known as toxic components, while they have been shown to exhibit a wide variety of biological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-HIV, and analgesic activity, and are attracting attention in the field of natural product drug discovery. This review focuses on naturally occurring tigliane and daphnane diterpenoids from plants of the Thymelaeaceae family and provides an overview of their chemical structure, distribution, isolation, structure determination, chemical synthesis, and biological activities, with a prime focus on the recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouharu Otsuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan.
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Wu X, Ding H, Zhang Z, Zheng M, Ni H, Huang Z, Wu W, Long H, Zhou Y, Li F, Lei M, Hou J, Wu W, Guo D. An improved strategy for identification and annotation of easily in-sourced dissociation diterpene lactones from plant natural products: Taking Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) as an example. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9483. [PMID: 36718976 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Diterpene lactones (DL) in Andrographis paniculata (AP) are known as "natural antibiotics" for their excellent antibacterial activity. During mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, the hydroxyl groups in the AP DL skeleton are prone to neutral loss of H2 O, producing high in-source fragment peaks and affecting the characterization of these components. METHODS Mass tags were applied during the MS data acquisition step, and special adduct ion form was used to guide the data processing and characterization steps. Besides, the total number of characterized AP DLs significantly increased when combining the number of neutrally lost H2 O from AP DLs, incorporating information on the diagnostic ions, and adopting molecular networks generated with the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking database. RESULTS Ninety-nine DLs, comprising 6 monohydroxyl groups, 20 dihydroxyl groups, 27 trihydroxy groups, and 46 DLs with more than 3 hydroxyl groups, were characterized from AP. In addition, based on the characteristic fragments in the product ions (C3 H4 , Δm/z = 40.03 Da), it could be assumed that 90 DLs had the C19-OH structure among the identified DLs. The current study provides a new approach for collecting, processing, and characterizing MS analysis of natural DLs prone to in-source fragmentation. CONCLUSIONS MS characterization of AP DLs was significantly improved, and many potential new compounds were identified in AP. This characterization provides new methods for the purification and identification of AP DLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingdong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hongwei Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijia Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Ni
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Huang
- Guangzhou Baiyunshan Xingqun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyong Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huali Long
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Li
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Lei
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjun Hou
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanying Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dean Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Mi H, Zhang P, Yao L, Gao H, Wei F, Lu T, Ma S. Identification of Daphne genkwa and Its Vinegar-Processed Products by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Chemometrics. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28103990. [PMID: 37241730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Crude herbs of Daphne genkwa (CHDG) are often used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat scabies baldness, carbuncles, and chilblain owing to their significant purgation and curative effects. The most common technique for processing DG involves the use of vinegar to reduce the toxicity of CHDG and enhance its clinical efficacy. Vinegar-processed DG (VPDG) is used as an internal medicine to treat chest and abdominal water accumulation, phlegm accumulation, asthma, and constipation, among other diseases. In this study, the changes in the chemical composition of CHDG after vinegar processing and the inner components of the changed curative effects were elucidated using optimized ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Untargeted metabolomics, based on multivariate statistical analyses, was also used to profile differences between CHDG and VPDG. Eight marker compounds were identified using orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis, which indicated significant differences between CHDG and VPDG. The concentrations of apigenin-7-O-β-d-methylglucuronate and hydroxygenkwanin were considerably higher in VPDG than those in CHDG, whereas the amounts of caffeic acid, quercetin, tiliroside, naringenin, genkwanines O, and orthobenzoate 2 were significantly lower. The obtained results can indicate the transformation mechanisms of certain changed compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to employ mass spectrometry to detect the marker components of CHDG and VPDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Mi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Research and Inspection Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Research and Inspection Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Lingwen Yao
- Research and Inspection Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Research and Inspection Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Tulin Lu
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- Research and Inspection Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Beijing 102629, China
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Yan M, Li X, Gu J, Gao G, Wu Z, Xue P. Blockage of MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination by yuanhuacine restrains the carcinogenesis of prostate carcinoma cells by suppressing LncRNA LINC00665. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23265. [PMID: 36416364 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a challenging issue for men's health worldwide due to its uncontrolled proliferation and high metastatic potential. Increasing evidence has supported plant extracts and natural plant derivatives as promising antitumor therapy with less toxic side effects. Yuanhuacine is an active component isolated from Daphne genkwa and can effectively suppress the tumorigenesis of several cancers. However, its role in PCa remains unclear. In this study, yuanhuacine dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of PCa cells. Moreover, yuanhuacine also restrained the invasion and migration of PCa cells. Mechanically, yuanhuacine decreased the ubiquitination and degradation of p53 protein, and ultimately increased p53 levels, which was regulated by inhibiting the phosphorylation and total protein levels of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2). Moreover, elevation of MDM2 reversed the suppressive efficacy of yuanhuacine in PCa cell viability, invasion, and migration. The network pharmacologic and bioinformatics analysis confirmed that MDM2 might be a common target of D. genkwa and LINC00665. Furthermore, yuanhuacine inhibited LINC00665 expression. Upregulation of LINC00665 reversed yuanhuacine-mediated inhibition in MDM2 protein expression and suppressed p53 levels by enhancing its ubiquitination in yuanhuacine-treated cells. Importantly, the inhibitory effects of yuanhuacine on cell viability and metastatic potential were offset after LINC00665 elevation. Together, the current findings highlight that yuanhuacine may possess tumor-suppressive efficacy by inhibiting LINC00665-mediated MDM2/p53 ubiquitination signaling. Therefore, this study indicates that yuanhuacine may be a promising candidate for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Urology, Jinzhou Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jinbao Gu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Guojun Gao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Ziyu Wu
- Department of Urology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
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Chen PJ, Lin ES, Su HH, Huang CY. Cytotoxic, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities of the Leaf Extract of Sinningia bullata. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:859. [PMID: 36840206 PMCID: PMC9967939 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sinningia bullata is a tuberous member of the flowering plant family Gesneriaceae. Prior to this work, the antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of S. bullata were undetermined. Here, we prepared different extracts from the leaf, stem, and tuber of S. bullata and investigated their pharmacological activities. The leaf extract of S. bullata, obtained by 100% acetone (Sb-L-A), had the highest total flavonoid content, antioxidation capacity, and cytotoxic and antibacterial activities. Sb-L-A displayed a broad range of antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The inhibition zones of Sb-L-A ranged from 8 to 30 mm and were in the following order: S. aureus > E. coli > P. aeruginosa. Incubation of B16F10 melanoma cells with Sb-L-A at a concentration of 80 μg/mL caused deaths at the rate of 96%, reduced migration by 100%, suppressed proliferation and colony formation by 99%, and induced apoptosis, which was observed in 96% of the B16F10 cells. In addition, the cytotoxic activities of Sb-L-A were synergistically enhanced when coacting with the antitumor drug epothilone B. Sb-L-A was also used to determine the cytotoxic effects against 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells. Sb-L-A of 60 μg/mL boosted the distribution of the G2 phase from 1.4% to 24.4% in the B16F10 cells. Accordingly, Sb-L-A might suppress melanoma cell proliferation by inducing G2 cell-cycle arrest. The most abundant compounds in Sb-L-A were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Overall, the collective data in this study may indicate the pharmacological potentials of Sb-L-A for possible medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Jui Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan;
| | - En-Shyh Lin
- Department of Beauty Science, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung City 403, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Hui Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan City 717, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Yang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
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Xu L, Lu G, Zhan B, Wei L, Deng X, Zhang Q, Shen X, Wang J, Feng H. Uncovering the efficacy and mechanisms of Genkwa flos and bioactive ingredient genkwanin against L. monocytogenes infection. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115571. [PMID: 35870686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Genkwa flos (yuanhua in Chinese), the dried flower buds of the plant Daphne genkwa Siebold & Zucc., as a traditional herb widely used for the treatment of inflammation-related symptoms and diseases, with the efficacies of diuretic, phlegm-resolving and cough suppressant. AIM OF THE STUDY Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is presumed to be of immense potential against pathogens infection. Whereas, the potential efficacy and mechanisms of Genkwa flos against L. monocytogenes infection has not been extensively explored. The present study aimed to identify the bioactive ingredients of Genkwa flos against L. monocytogenes infection and to delineate the underlying mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioinformatics approach at protein network level was employed to investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of Genkwa flos against L. monocytogenes infection. And hemolysis inhibition assay, cytoprotection test, western blotting, oligomerization assay and molecular docking analysis were applied to substantiate the multiple efficacies of Genkwa flos and the bioactive ingredient genkwanin. Histopathological analysis and biochemistry detection were conducted to evaluate the in vivo protective effect of genkwanin. RESULTS Network pharmacology and experimental validation revealed that Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Genkwa flos exhibited anti-L. monocytogenes potency and was found to inhibit the hemolytic activity of LLO. Bioactive ingredient genkwanin interfered with the pore-forming activity of LLO by engaging the active residues Tyr414, Tyr98, Asn473, Val100, Tyr440 and Val438, and thereby attenuated LLO-mediated cytotoxicity. Consistent with the bioinformatics prediction, exposed to genkwanin could upregulate the Nrf2 level and promote the translocation of Nrf2. In vivo, genkwanin oral administration (80 mg/kg) significantly protected against systemic L. monocytogenes infection, as evidenced by reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, increased mice survival rate by 30% and decreased pathogen colonization. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that Genkwa flos is a potential anti-L. monocytogenes TCM, highlighted the therapeutic potential of Genkwa flos active ingredient genkwanin by targeting the pore-forming cytolysin LLO and acting as a promising antioxidative candidate against L. monocytogenes infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Gejin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yujinxiang Street 573, Changchun, Jilin, 130122, China.
| | - Baihe Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Lijuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Hebei Veterinary Medicine Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, 050041, Hebei, China.
| | - Xuming Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Qiaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Xue Shen
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Haihua Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Lin ES, Huang CY. Cytotoxic Activities and the Allantoinase Inhibitory Effect of the Leaf Extract of the Carnivorous Pitcher Plant Nepenthes miranda. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11172265. [PMID: 36079647 PMCID: PMC9460348 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nepenthes are carnivorous pitcher plants that have several ethnobotanical uses, such as curing stomachache and fever. Here, we prepared different extracts from the stem, leaf, and pitcher of Nepenthes miranda to further investigate their pharmacological potential. The leaf extract of N. miranda obtained by 100% acetone (N. miranda-leaf-acetone) was used in this study to analyze the cytotoxic activities, antioxidation capacity, antibacterial activity, and allantoinase (ALLase) inhibitory effect of this plant. The cytotoxic effects of N. miranda-leaf-acetone on the survival, apoptosis, and migration of the cancer cell lines PC-9 pulmonary adenocarcinoma, B16F10 melanoma, and 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells were demonstrated. Based on collective data, the cytotoxic activities of N. miranda-leaf-acetone followed the order: B16F10 > 4T1 > PC-9 cells. In addition, the cytotoxic activities of N. miranda-leaf-acetone were synergistically enhanced when co-acting with the clinical anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil. N. miranda-leaf-acetone could also inhibit the activity of ALLase, a key enzyme in the catabolism pathway for purine degradation. Through gas chromatography−mass spectrometry, the 16 most abundant ingredients in N. miranda-leaf-acetone were identified. The top six compounds in N. miranda-leaf-acetone, namely, plumbagin, lupenone, palmitic acid, stigmast-5-en-3-ol, neophytadiene, and citraconic anhydride, were docked to ALLase, and their docking scores were compared. The docking results suggested plumbagin and stigmast-5-en-3-ol as potential inhibitors of ALLase. Overall, these results may indicate the pharmacological potential of N. miranda for further medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Shyh Lin
- Department of Beauty Science, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung City 403, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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11
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Bailly C. Naming of new natural products: Standard, pitfalls and tips-and-tricks. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 200:113250. [PMID: 35598790 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Naming a newly discovered natural product (NP) is a pleasant but difficult exercise. In most cases, the NP name will be given with reference to the species of origin, be it a plant, a marine organism, a mammalian or microbial species. For a long time, the use of biologically-based trivial names has been recommended to identify the parental linkage between the product and the originating genus or species. But the recommendation is not always followed and a multiplicity of trivial names have been attributed to NP, based on locations (country, region, city), foods, music, animals, forenames, etc. Tips-and-tricks associated with the naming of NP are underlined here. Usually, NP are differentiated across a homogeneous chemical series with a letter (from the Latin or Greek alphabet), followed or not with a number. In other cases, the change of a single letter distinguishes a series of NP. Common pitfalls associated with the naming of NP are enumerated, including the complexity of names, use of synonyms, duplicated names, confusing names and inappropriate terminology. The difficulties regularly encountered with the naming of NP are discussed. Four essential recommendations are recalled: (i) a thorough analysis of the existing products to avoid duplicated names and confusion, (ii) the use of a biologically-based trivial name to retrace the origin of the product, (iii) the strict adherence to the codes of chemical nomenclature, and (iv) the preference for simple names to facilitate transmission. Naming a new NP is a rewarding task, which shall be performed with all due skill, care and diligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- OncoWitan, Scientific Consulting Office, Lille, Wasquehal, 59290, France.
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12
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Huang YH, Chiang WY, Chen PJ, Lin ES, Huang CY. Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities of the Root Extract of the Carnivorous Pitcher Plant Sarracenia purpurea. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11131668. [PMID: 35807620 PMCID: PMC9269354 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The carnivorous pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea exhibits many ethnobotanical uses, including the treatments of type 2 diabetes and tuberculosis-like symptoms. In this study, we prepared different extracts from the leaves (pitchers), stems, and roots of S. purpurea and investigated their antioxidant and anticancer properties. To evaluate the extraction efficiency, we individually used different solvents, namely methanol, ethanol, acetone, and distilled water, for S. purpurea extract preparations. The root extract of S. purpurea, obtained by 100% acetone (S. purpurea-root-acetone), had the highest anticancer activities, antioxidation capacity (the DPPH activity with IC50 of 89.3 ± 2.2 μg/mL), antibacterial activities, total phenolic content (33.4 ± 0.7 mg GAE/g), and total flavonoid content (107.9 ± 2.2 mg QUE/g). The most abundant compounds in S. purpurea-root-acetone were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; 7,8-Dihydro-α-ionone was the major compound present in S. purpurea-root-acetone. In addition, the co-cytotoxicity of S. purpurea-root-acetone (combined with the clinical anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the survival, apoptosis, proliferation, and migration of the 4T1 mammary carcinoma) was examined. The combination of 5-FU with S. purpurea-root-acetone could be highly efficient for anti-4T1 cells. We also found that S. purpurea-root-acetone could inhibit the enzymatic activity of human dihydroorotase (huDHOase), an attractive target for potential anticancer chemotherapy. The sic most abundant compounds in S. purpurea-root-acetone were tested using an in silico analysis via MOE-Dock software for their binding affinities. The top-ranked docking conformations were observed for 7,8-dihydro-α-ionone and stigmast-5-en-3-ol, suggesting the inhibition potential against huDHOase. Overall, the collective data in this study may indicate the pharmacological potentials of S. purpurea-root-acetone for possible medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hua Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (W.-Y.C.); (P.-J.C.)
| | - Wei-Yu Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (W.-Y.C.); (P.-J.C.)
| | - Pin-Jui Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (W.-Y.C.); (P.-J.C.)
| | - En-Shyh Lin
- Department of Beauty Science, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung City 403, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Yang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (W.-Y.C.); (P.-J.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
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