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Xie J, Yan J, Ji K, Guo Y, Xu S, Shen D, Li C, Gao H, Zhao L. Fibroblast growth factor 21 enhances learning and memory performance in mice by regulating hippocampal L-lactate homeostasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132667. [PMID: 38801850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is one endogenous metabolic molecule that functions as a regulator in glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, the effect of FGF21 on L-lactate homeostasis and its mechanism remains unclear until now. Forty-five Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: control, L-lactate, and FGF21 (1.5 mg/kg) groups. At the end of the treatment, nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics, and key proteins related to L-lactate homeostasis were determined respectively to evaluate the efficacy of FGF21 and its mechanisms. The results showed that, compared to the vehicle group, the L-lactate-treated mice displayed learning and memory performance impairments, as well as reduced hippocampal ATP and NADH levels, but increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis, which suggesting inhibited L-lactate-pyruvate conversion in the brain. Conversely, FGF21 treatment ameliorated the L-lactate accumulation state, accompanied by restoration of the learning and memory defects, indicating enhanced L-lactate uptake and utilization in hippocampal neurons. We demonstrated that maintaining constant L-lactate-pyruvate flux is essential for preserving neuronal bioenergetic and redox levels. FGF21 contributed to preparing the brain for situations of high availability of L-lactate, thus preventing neuronal vulnerability in metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiapin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Keru Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuejun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sibei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danjie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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Acharya M, Singh N, Gupta G, Tambuwala MM, Aljabali AAA, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Goyal R. Vitamin D, Calbindin, and calcium signaling: Unraveling the Alzheimer's connection. Cell Signal 2024; 116:111043. [PMID: 38211841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Calcium is a ubiquitous second messenger that is indispensable in regulating neurotransmission and memory formation. A precise intracellular calcium level is achieved through the concerted action of calcium channels, and calcium exerts its effect by binding to an array of calcium-binding proteins, including calmodulin (CAM), calcium-calmodulin complex-dependent protein kinase-II (CAMK-II), calbindin (CAL), and calcineurin (CAN). Calbindin orchestrates a plethora of signaling events that regulate synaptic transmission and depolarizing signals. Vitamin D, an endogenous fat-soluble metabolite, is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet B radiation. It modulates calcium signaling by increasing the expression of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), stimulating phospholipase C activity, and regulating the expression of calcium channels such as TRPV6. Vitamin D also modulates the activity of calcium-binding proteins, including CAM and calbindin, and increases their expression. Calbindin, a high-affinity calcium-binding protein, is involved in calcium buffering and transport in neurons. It has been shown to inhibit apoptosis and caspase-3 activity stimulated by presenilin 1 and 2 in AD. Whereas CAM, another calcium-binding protein, is implicated in regulating neurotransmitter release and memory formation by phosphorylating CAN, CAMK-II, and other calcium-regulated proteins. CAMK-II and CAN regulate actin-induced spine shape changes, which are further modulated by CAM. Low levels of both calbindin and vitamin D are attributed to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Further research on vitamin D via calbindin-CAMK-II signaling may provide newer insights, revealing novel therapeutic targets and strategies for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Acharya
- Department of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Nicky Singh
- Department of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, Universities of Nottingham and Lincoln College of Science, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK.
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan.
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Rohit Goyal
- Department of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Tian M, Hou J, Liu Z, Li Z, Huang D, Zhang Y, Ma Y. BNIP3 in hypoxia-induced mitophagy: Novel insights and promising target for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 168:106517. [PMID: 38216085 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BNIP3 localizes to the outer mitochondrial membrane, has been demonstrated to be extensively involved in abnormalities to mitochondrial metabolic function and dynamicsand in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, its role in NAFLD under hypoxia remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression and the role of BNIP3 in NAFLD under hypoxia, and explore its involvement in regulating NAFLD mitophagy, fatty acid β-oxidation both in vivo and in vitro. BNIP3-mediated mitophagy level was analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The role of BNIP3 in fatty acid β-oxidation was evaluated using lipid droplet staining, triglyceride content determination, and cellular energy metabolism. The results showed that compared with the HFD-2200 m, the body weight, inflammatory liver injury, and lipid deposition were significantly reduced in the HFD-4500 m group (P < 0.05), but autophagy and mitophagy were increased, and the expression of the mitophagy receptor BNIP3 was increased (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, BNIP3 knockdown in the hypoxia group resulted in decreased levels of CPT1, ATGL, and p-HSL in lipid-accumulating hepatocytes, lipid droplet accumulation and triglyceride content increased (P < 0.05). Moreover, the ability of lipid-accumulating hepatocytes to oxidize fatty acids was reduced by BNIP3 knockdown in the hypoxia group (P < 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that, in NAFLD mice under hypoxia, BNIP3-mediated mitophagy promotes fatty acid β-oxidation. This study elucidated the role of BNIP3 in promoting fatty acid β-oxidation in NAFLD under hypoxia, and suggests BNIP3 may serve as a novel potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyuan Tian
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University in Qinghai province, Xining 810001, China; Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis studies in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China
| | - Jing Hou
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University in Qinghai province, Xining 810001, China; Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis studies in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University in Qinghai province, Xining 810001, China; Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis studies in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China
| | - Zhanquan Li
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University in Qinghai province, Xining 810001, China; Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis studies in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China
| | - Dengliang Huang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University in Qinghai province, Xining 810001, China; Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis studies in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China
| | - Yaogang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University in Qinghai province, Xining 810001, China; Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis studies in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University in Qinghai province, Xining 810001, China; Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis studies in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China.
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