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Panhwar S, Çelikkan H, Evran E, Ekiz E, Ozkan Hukum K, Çetin D, Suludere Z, Hakki Boyaci I, Tamer U. Phage probe on RAFT polymer surface for rapid enumeration of E. coli K12. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 160:108785. [PMID: 39094446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a simple, fast, and sensitive label-free sensing assay for the precise enumeration of modeled pathogenic Escherichia coli K12 (E. coli K12) bacteria for the first time. The method employs the covalent binding bacteriophage technique on the surface of a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymer film. The Nyquist plots obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) identified the charge transfer resistance Rct was calculated from a suitable electrochemical circuit model through an evaluation of the relevant parameter after the immobilization of the bacteriophage and the binding of specific E. coli K12. The impedimetric biosensor reveals specific and reproducible detection with sensitivity in the linear working range of 104.2-107.0 CFU/mL, a limit of detection (LOD) of 101.3 CFU/mL, and a short response time of 15 min. The SERS response validates the surface roughness and interaction of the SERS-tag with E. coli K12-modified electrodes. Furthermore, the covalently immobilized active phage selectivity was proved against various non-targeting bacterial strains in the presence of targeted E.coli K12 with a result of 94 % specificity and 98 % sensitivity. Therefore, the developed phage-based electrode surface can be used as a disposable, label-free impedimetric biosensor for rapid and real-time monitoring of serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sallahuddin Panhwar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Quetta 24090, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Hüseyin Çelikkan
- Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Eylul Evran
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe 06800 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Esra Ekiz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe 06800 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Kubra Ozkan Hukum
- Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Demet Çetin
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Gazi Faculty of Education, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara 06500, Türkiye
| | - Zekiye Suludere
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ismail Hakki Boyaci
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe 06800 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Uğur Tamer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Türkiye; METU MEMS Research and Application Center, Ankara, Türkiye.
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Hewson AR, Lloyd-Laney HO, Keenan T, Richards SJ, Gibson MI, Linclau B, Signoret N, Fascione MA, Parkin A. Harnessing glycofluoroforms for impedimetric biosensing. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04409f. [PMID: 39282644 PMCID: PMC11393611 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04409f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycans play a major role in biological cell-cell recognition and signal transduction but have found limited application in biosensors due to glycan/lectin promiscuity; multiple proteins are capable of binding to the same native glycan. Here, site-specific fluorination is used to introduce protein-glycan selectivity, and this is coupled with an electrochemical detection method to generate a novel biosensor platform. 3F-lacto-N-biose glycofluoroform is installed onto polymer tethers, which are subsequently immobilised onto gold screen printed electrodes, providing a non-fouling surface. The impedance biosensing platform is shown to selectively bind cancer-associated galectin-3 compared to control glycans and proteins. To improve the analytical capability, Bayesian statistical analysis was deployed in the equivalent circuit fitting of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data. It is shown that Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis is a helpful method for visualising experimental irreproducibility, and we apply this as a quality control step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice R Hewson
- Department of Chemistry, University of York YO10 5DD York UK
| | | | - Tessa Keenan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York YO10 5DD York UK
| | - Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Bruno Linclau
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281-S4 9000 Gent Belgium
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | | | | | - Alison Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of York YO10 5DD York UK
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P A A, Ragunathan L, Sanjeevi T, Sasi AC, Kanniyan K, Yadav R, Sambandam R. Breaking boundaries in microbiology: customizable nanoparticles transforming microbial detection. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:13802-13819. [PMID: 38990141 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01680g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The detection and identification of microorganisms are crucial in microbiology laboratories. Traditionally, detecting and identifying microbes require extended periods of incubation, significant manual effort, skilled personnel, and advanced laboratory facilities. Recent progress in nanotechnology has provided novel opportunities for detecting and identifying bacteria, viruses, and microbial metabolites using customized nanoparticles. These improvements are thought to have the ability to surpass the constraints of existing procedures and make a substantial contribution to the development of rapid microbiological diagnosis. This review article examines the customizability of nanoparticles for detecting bacteria, viruses, and microbial metabolites and discusses recent cutting-edge studies demonstrating the use of nanotechnology in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboobacker P A
- Department of Microbiology, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (DU), Kirumampakkam, Puducherry 607402, India.
| | - Latha Ragunathan
- Department of Microbiology, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (DU), Kirumampakkam, Puducherry 607402, India.
| | - Thiyagarajan Sanjeevi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (DU), Kirumampakkam, Puducherry 607402, India
| | - Aravind C Sasi
- Department of Microbiology, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (DU), Kirumampakkam, Puducherry 607402, India.
| | - Kavitha Kanniyan
- Department of Microbiology, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (DU), Kirumampakkam, Puducherry 607402, India.
| | - Richa Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (DU), Kirumampakkam, Puducherry 607402, India.
| | - Ravikumar Sambandam
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (DU), Kirumampakkam, Puducherry 607402, India
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Cortes-Cano H, Olvera LI, Méndez-Aguilar EM, España-Sánchez BL, Arriaga LG, Oza G, Herrera-Celis J. Surface Functionalization and Escherichia coli Detection Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Driven by Functional Organic Polymer/Gold Nanofilm-Based Microfluidic Chip. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:994. [PMID: 38131754 PMCID: PMC10741724 DOI: 10.3390/bios13120994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a microfluidic prototype based on polymeric materials was developed to monitor surface processes using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), keeping the reagents free of environmental contamination. The prototype was fabricated on poly(methyl methacrylic acid) (PMMA). A micrometric membrane of a functional organic polymer (FOP) based on p-terphenyl and bromopyruvic acid monomers was formed on the PMMA surface to promote the formation of metal nanoclusters. Au nanosized film was deposited on the FOP membrane to give rise to the SERS effect. A microchannel was formed on another piece of PMMA using micromachining. A representative 3D model of the prototype layer arrangement was built and simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics® to approximate the electric field distribution and calculate the power enhancement factor as the Au film changes over time. The fabrication process was characterized using UV-visible and Raman spectroscopies and XPS. The prototype was tested using a Raman microscope and liquid solutions of cysteamine and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The simulation results demonstrated that the morphological characteristics of the Au layer give rise to the SERS effect, and the power enhancement factor reaches values as high as 8.8 × 105 on the FOP surface. The characterization results showed the formation of the FOP and the Au film on PMMA and the surface functionalization with amine groups. The Raman spectra of the prototype showed temporal evolution as different compounds were deposited on the upper wall of the microchannel. Characteristic peaks associated with these compounds were detected with continuous monitoring over time. This prototype offers many benefits for applications like monitoring biological processes. Some advantages include timely surface evaluation while avoiding environmental harm, decreased use of reagents and samples, minimal interference with the process by measuring, and detecting microorganisms in just 1 h, as demonstrated with the E. coli sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Cortes-Cano
- Dirección de Ciencia, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro S/N, Sanfandila, Querétaro 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Mexico; (H.C.-C.); (B.L.E.-S.); (L.G.A.); (G.O.)
| | - Lilian Iraís Olvera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-360, CU, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | | | - Beatriz Liliana España-Sánchez
- Dirección de Ciencia, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro S/N, Sanfandila, Querétaro 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Mexico; (H.C.-C.); (B.L.E.-S.); (L.G.A.); (G.O.)
| | - Luis Gerardo Arriaga
- Dirección de Ciencia, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro S/N, Sanfandila, Querétaro 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Mexico; (H.C.-C.); (B.L.E.-S.); (L.G.A.); (G.O.)
| | - Goldie Oza
- Dirección de Ciencia, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro S/N, Sanfandila, Querétaro 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Mexico; (H.C.-C.); (B.L.E.-S.); (L.G.A.); (G.O.)
| | - José Herrera-Celis
- Dirección de Ciencia, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro S/N, Sanfandila, Querétaro 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Mexico; (H.C.-C.); (B.L.E.-S.); (L.G.A.); (G.O.)
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