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D’Alessio A. Unraveling the Cave: A Seventy-Year Journey into the Caveolar Network, Cellular Signaling, and Human Disease. Cells 2023; 12:2680. [PMID: 38067108 PMCID: PMC10705299 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mid-1950s, a groundbreaking discovery revealed the fascinating presence of caveolae, referred to as flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane, sparking renewed excitement in the field of cell biology. Caveolae are small, flask-shaped invaginations in the cell membrane that play crucial roles in diverse cellular processes, including endocytosis, lipid homeostasis, and signal transduction. The structural stability and functionality of these specialized membrane microdomains are attributed to the coordinated activity of scaffolding proteins, including caveolins and cavins. While caveolae and caveolins have been long appreciated for their integral roles in cellular physiology, the accumulating scientific evidence throughout the years reaffirms their association with a broad spectrum of human disorders. This review article aims to offer a thorough account of the historical advancements in caveolae research, spanning from their initial discovery to the recognition of caveolin family proteins and their intricate contributions to cellular functions. Furthermore, it will examine the consequences of a dysfunctional caveolar network in the development of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio D’Alessio
- Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Wang C, Stöckl S, Pattappa G, Schulz D, Hofmann K, Ilic J, Reinders Y, Bauer RJ, Sickmann A, Grässel S. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Osteogenic-Differentiated Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Cells Rescue Osteogenic Ability of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Cells Impaired by Hypoxia. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2804. [PMID: 37893177 PMCID: PMC10604262 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In orthopedics, musculoskeletal disorders, i.e., non-union of bone fractures or osteoporosis, can have common histories and symptoms related to pathological hypoxic conditions induced by aging, trauma or metabolic disorders. Here, we observed that hypoxic conditions (2% O2) suppressed the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (hBMSC) in vitro and simultaneously increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We assumed that cellular origin and cargo of extracellular vesicles (EVs) affect the osteogenic differentiation capacity of hBMSCs cultured under different oxygen pressures. Proteomic analysis revealed that EVs isolated from osteogenic differentiated hBMSC cultured under hypoxia (hypo-osteo EVs) or under normoxia (norm-osteo EVs) contained distinct protein profiles. Extracellular matrix (ECM) components, antioxidants and pro-osteogenic proteins were decreased in hypo-osteo EVs. The proteomic analysis in our previous study revealed that under normoxic culture conditions, pro-osteogenic proteins and ECM components have higher concentrations in norm-osteo EVs than in EVs derived from naïve hBMSCs (norm-naïve EVs). When selected for further analysis, five anti-hypoxic proteins were significantly upregulated (response to hypoxia) in norm-osteo EVs. Three of them are characterized as antioxidant proteins. We performed qRT-PCR to verify the corresponding gene expression levels in the norm-osteo EVs' and norm-naïve EVs' parent cells cultured under normoxia. Moreover, we observed that norm-osteo EVs rescued the osteogenic ability of naïve hBMSCs cultured under hypoxia and reduced hypoxia-induced elevation of ROS production in osteogenic differentiated hBMSCs, presumably by inducing expression of anti-hypoxic/ antioxidant and pro-osteogenic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), Biopark 1, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (K.H.)
| | - Sabine Stöckl
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), Biopark 1, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (K.H.)
| | - Girish Pattappa
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), Biopark 1, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Schulz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), Biopark 1, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (R.J.B.)
| | - Korbinian Hofmann
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), Biopark 1, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (K.H.)
| | - Jovana Ilic
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital & Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Yvonne Reinders
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS—e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (Y.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Richard J. Bauer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), Biopark 1, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (R.J.B.)
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS—e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (Y.R.); (A.S.)
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), Biopark 1, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (K.H.)
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Liang F, Wang S, Guo Y, Mu Y, Shang F, Wang M. Proteome profiling of endogenous and potential S-nitrosylation in colorectal cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1153719. [PMID: 37124724 PMCID: PMC10140627 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1153719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a common cancer with high incidence rate and mortality, colorectal cancer (CRC) is seriously threatening human health. S-nitrosylation (SNO) proteins mediated by nitric oxide (NO) has important implications in the genesis, progression, and apoptosis of CRC. It's worth noting that the SNO proteins also play an important role in the tumor endocrine and metabolic pathways of CRC. Materials and methods In this study, the protein extracts of human tissues and cell lines were treated by biotin switch technology and magnetic beads enrichment. The proteomic results of endogenous and potential SNO proteins were analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). Through the comparison and analysis of MS results, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and literatures, some endogenous and potential SNO proteins were identified in CRC, which were closely related to the tumor endocrine and metabolic pathways, the apoptotic signaling pathways, protein maturation, and other biological processes of the proliferation and apoptosis of CRC cells. Results A total of 19 proteins containing potential or endogenous SNO sites were detected in both human cancer tissue and SW 480 cells. Through the cross validation of MS results, GO analysis, and literatures, several SNO proteins were identified frequently in CRC, such as the actin, cytoplasmic 1 (ACTB), peroxiredoxin-4 (PRDX4), protein S100A8 (S100A8), pyruvate kinase PKM (PKM), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), which were closely related to the tumor endocrine and metabolic pathways and the apoptotic signaling pathways of CRC. Conclusion Different CRC cells and tissues contained potential and endogenous SNO modified proteins. In addition, some SNO proteins could participate in the proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis of CRC by regulating the tumor endocrine and metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Mu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - FengJia Shang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Shin VY, Liu MX, Siu JMT, Kwong A, Chu KM. Inhibition of EP2 receptor suppresses tumor growth and chemoresistance of gastric cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4680-4692. [PMID: 36381319 PMCID: PMC9641405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in the world. Early diagnosis and effective chemotherapy are vital to reduce the overall mortality. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been implicated as an important factor in gastric cancer carcinogenesis. ECF based regimen (epirubicin, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil) is the first-line chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. However, patients develop resistance after chemotherapy. The aim of this study is sought to investigate the role of EP2 receptor, a PGE2 receptor, and the antagonism of EP2 receptor in response to ECF treatment. Expression of EP2 receptor was evaluated in gastric cancer tissue samples and cell lines. Cell proliferation and cell apoptosis assays were performed in vitro and in vivo, upon knockdown of EP2 receptor, antagonist of EP2 receptor and/or ECF treatment. Western Blot was applied for evaluation of proteins relating to cell cycle, apoptosis and drug transporter. Next generation sequencing and ingenuity pathway analysis were applied for screening for downstream targets of EP2 receptor. Expressions of the targets of EP2 receptor were further evaluated in gastric cancer cells and tissues. In this study, we found that expression of EP2 receptor was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer. Inhibition of EP2 receptor reduced gastric cancer cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest proteins, and enhanced cell apoptosis. Moreover, knockdown of EP2 receptor by siRNA or antagonist sensitized gastric cancer cells to ECF. Silence of EP2 receptor also significantly abrogated gastric cancer growth in a mice model. Analysis revealed that CAV1 was a downstream target of EP2 receptor in gastric cancer. Our findings illustrated that blocking EP2 receptor reduced tumor growth and induced apoptosis in gastric cancer. This novel study unraveled CAV1 was a downstream target of EP2 receptor. Antagonizing EP2 receptor could be a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer, in particular those with high EP2 receptor expression.
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Yin D, Qiu J, Hu S, Cheng L, Li H, Cheng X, Wang S, Lu J. CAV1 is a prognostic predictor for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. J Biosci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-021-00245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pillars and Gaps of S-Nitrosylation-Dependent Epigenetic Regulation in Physiology and Cancer. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121424. [PMID: 34947954 PMCID: PMC8704633 DOI: 10.3390/life11121424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a diffusible signaling molecule produced by three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase, which release NO during the metabolism of the amino acid arginine. NO participates in pathophysiological responses of many different tissues, inducing concentration-dependent effect. Indeed, while low NO levels generally have protective effects, higher NO concentrations induce cytotoxic/cytostatic actions. In recent years, evidences have been accumulated unveiling S-nitrosylation as a major NO-dependent post-translational mechanism ruling gene expression. S-nitrosylation is a reversible, highly regulated phenomenon in which NO reacts with one or few specific cysteine residues of target proteins generating S-nitrosothiols. By inducing this chemical modification, NO might exert epigenetic regulation through direct effects on both DNA and histones as well as through indirect actions affecting the functions of transcription factors and transcriptional co-regulators. In this light, S-nitrosylation may also impact on cancer cell gene expression programs. Indeed, it affects different cell pathways and functions ranging from the impairment of DNA damage repair to the modulation of the activity of signal transduction molecules, oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and chromatin remodelers. Nitrosylation is therefore a versatile tool by which NO might control gene expression programs in health and disease.
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Omidkhah N, Ghodsi R. NO-HDAC dual inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 227:113934. [PMID: 34700268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
HDAC inhibitors and NO donors have both demonstrated independently broad therapeutic potential in a variety of diseases. Borretto et al. presented the topic of NO-HDAC dual inhibitors for the first time in 2013 as an attractive new topic. Here we collected the general structure of all synthesized NO-HDAC dual inhibitors, lead compounds, synthesis methods and biological features of the most potent dual NO-HDAC inhibitor in each category with the intention of assisting in the synthesis and optimization of new drug-like compounds for diverse diseases. Based on studies done so far, NO-HDAC dual inhibitors have displayed satisfactory results against wound healing (3), heart hypertrophy (3), inflammatory, cardiovascular, neuromuscular illnesses (11a-11e) and cancer (6a-6o, 9a-9d, 10a-10d, 16 and 17). NO-HDAC dual inhibitors can have high therapeutic potential for various diseases due to their new properties, NO properties, HDAC inhibitor properties and also due to the effects of NO on HDAC enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Omidkhah
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Razieh Ghodsi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Chen T, Li T, Wang J. Nanoscale Au@SiO 2-drug/VEGF as an in vivo probe for osteosarcoma diagnosis and therapy. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:766. [PMID: 34589145 PMCID: PMC8442140 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a common primary bone malignancy, with a 5-year survival rate of only 20–30% in patients undergoing surgical treatment. Thus, it is important to identify novel methods for diagnosing and treating osteosarcoma, which was the aim of the present study. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was used as the tumor-targeting protein to synthesize a multifunctional core-shell nanostructure, Au@SiO2-drug/VEGF, in which the drug can be indocyanine green (ICG; as an optical tracer) or doxorubicin (DOX; as a chemotherapeutic agent). With VEGF as the osteosarcoma-targeting protein, Au exhibited optimal photothermal transformation performance, while SiO2 served as the carrier for the drug. Au@SiO2-ICG/VEGF nanoparticles (NPs) were evaluated for imaging and for the monitoring of drug accumulation in a tumor region in mice. Once the optimal drug accumulation was achieved, combined treatment of osteosarcoma (chemotherapy and photothermal therapy) was assessed. In the perioperative period associated with minimal invasive embolization of osteosarcoma, photothermal therapy and chemotherapy were applied for osteosarcoma diagnosis using Au@SiO2-DOX/VEGF NPs. Taken together, the results of the present study provide a promising strategy for tumor detection prior to surgical treatment to improve the survival outcome of patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiangui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Tianbo Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Jiangning Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
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An JM, Moon H, Verwilst P, Shin J, Kim BM, Park CK, Kim JS, Yeo SG, Kim HY, Kim D. Human Glioblastoma Visualization: Triple Receptor-Targeting Fluorescent Complex of Dye, SIWV Tetra-Peptide, and Serum Albumin Protein. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2270-2280. [PMID: 34100604 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) has been highlighted in the clinical site for guiding surgical procedures and providing the surgeon with a real-time visualization of the operating field. FGS is a powerful technique for precise surgery, particularly tumor resection; however, clinically approved fluorescent dyes have often shown several limitations during FGS, such as non-tumor-targeting, low in vivo stability, insufficient emission intensity, and low blood-brain barrier penetration. In this study, we disclose a fluorescent dye complex, peptide, and protein for the targeted visualization of human glioblastoma (GBM) cells and tissues. Our noble triple receptor-targeting fluorescent complex (named BSA-OXN-SIWV) consists of (i) dipolar oxazepine dye (OXN), which has high stability, low cytotoxicity, bright fluorescence, and two-photon excitable, (ii) tetra-peptide (SIWV) for the targeting of the caveolin-1 receptor, and (iii) bovine serum-albumin (BSA) protein for the targeting of albondin (gp60) and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine receptor. The photophysical properties and binding mode of BSA-OXN-SIWV were analyzed, and the imaging of GBM cell lines and human clinical GBM tissues were successfully demonstrated in this study. Our findings hold great promise for the application of BSA-OXN-SIWV to GBM identification and the surgery at clinical sites, as a new FGS agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min An
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejo Moon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter Verwilst
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jinwoo Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - B. Moon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Kee Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Geun Yeo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Young Kim
- R&D Division of Drug Discovery Department, SPARK Biopharma, Seoul 08791, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Antonelli A, Scarpa ES, Magnani M. Human Red Blood Cells Modulate Cytokine Expression in Monocytes/Macrophages Under Anoxic Conditions. Front Physiol 2021; 12:632682. [PMID: 33679443 PMCID: PMC7930825 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.632682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic niche, the oxygen tension is usually very low. Such condition affects stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation and, at cellular level regulates hematopoietic growth factors, chemokines and adhesion molecules expression. In turn, these molecules affect the proliferation and maturation of other cellular components of the niche. Due to the complexity of the system we started the in vitro investigations of the IL-6, IL-8, TNFα cytokines expression and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), considered key mediators of the hematopoietic niche, in human macrophages and macrophage cell line. Since in the niche the oxygen availability is mediated by red blood cells (RBCs), we have influenced the anoxic cell cultures by the administration of oxygenated or deoxygenated RBCs (deoxy RBCs). The results reported in this brief paper show that the presence of RBCs up-regulates IL-8 mRNA while IL-6 and VEGF mRNA expression appears down-regulated. This does not occur when deoxy RBCs are used. Moreover, it appears that the administration of RBCs leads to an increase of TNFα expression levels in MonoMac 6 (MM6). Interestingly, the modulation of these factors likely occurs in a hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) independent manner. Considering the role of oxygen in the hematopoietic niche further studies should explore these preliminary observations in more details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Antonelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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Mintz J, Vedenko A, Rosete O, Shah K, Goldstein G, Hare JM, Ramasamy R, Arora H. Current Advances of Nitric Oxide in Cancer and Anticancer Therapeutics. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:94. [PMID: 33513777 PMCID: PMC7912608 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived, ubiquitous signaling molecule that affects numerous critical functions in the body. There are markedly conflicting findings in the literature regarding the bimodal effects of NO in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, which has important consequences for treatment. Several preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that both pro- and antitumorigenic effects of NO depend on multiple aspects, including, but not limited to, tissue of generation, the level of production, the oxidative/reductive (redox) environment in which this radical is generated, the presence or absence of NO transduction elements, and the tumor microenvironment. Generally, there are four major categories of NO-based anticancer therapies: NO donors, phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-i), soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activators, and immunomodulators. Of these, NO donors are well studied, well characterized, and also the most promising. In this study, we review the current knowledge in this area, with an emphasis placed on the role of NO as an anticancer therapy and dysregulated molecular interactions during the evolution of cancer, highlighting the strategies that may aid in the targeting of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Mintz
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL 33328, USA;
| | - Anastasia Vedenko
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (A.V.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Omar Rosete
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Khushi Shah
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA;
| | - Gabriella Goldstein
- College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Joshua M. Hare
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (A.V.); (J.M.H.)
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Himanshu Arora
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (A.V.); (J.M.H.)
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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