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Zhuang H, Yu B, Tao D, Xu X, Xu Y, Wang J, Jiao Y, Wang L. The role of m6A methylation in therapy resistance in cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:91. [PMID: 37264402 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01782-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy resistance is the main cause of cancer treatment failure. The mechanism of therapy resistance is a hot topic in epigenetics. As one of the most common RNA modifications, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is involved in various processes of RNA metabolism, such as stability, splicing, transcription, translation, and degradation. A large number of studies have shown that m6A RNA methylation regulates the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells, but the role of m6A in cancer therapy resistance is unclear. In this review, we summarized the research progress related to the role of m6A in regulating therapy resistance in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengzhao Zhuang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 21500, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Jiangyin People's Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangyin, 214400, China
| | - Dan Tao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 21500, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 21500, China
| | - Yijun Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 21500, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Jiangyin People's Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangyin, 214400, China.
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 21500, China.
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Liu C, Kuang S, Wu L, Cheng Q, Gong X, Wu J, Zhang L. Radiotherapy and radio-sensitization in H3 K27M -mutated diffuse midline gliomas. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 37157237 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND H3K27M mutated diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are extremely aggressive and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in pediatric brain tumors with 5-year survival <1%. Radiotherapy is the only established adjuvant treatment of H3K27M DMGs; however, the radio-resistance is commonly observed. METHODS We summarized current understandings of the molecular responses of H3K27M DMGs to radiotherapy and provide crucial insights into current advances in radiosensitivity enhancement. RESULTS Ionizing radiation (IR) can mainly inhibit tumor cell growth by inducing DNA damage regulated by the cell cycle checkpoints and DNA damage repair (DDR) system. In H3K27M DMGs, the aberrant genetic and epigenetic changes, stemness genotype, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) disrupt the cell cycle checkpoints and DDR system by altering the associated regulatory signaling pathways, which leads to the development of radio-resistance. CONCLUSIONS The advances in mechanisms of radio-resistance in H3K27M DMGs promote the potential targets to enhance the sensitivity to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Departments of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuwen Kuang
- Departments of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Gong
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Longbo Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Canonical Wnt Pathway Is Involved in Chemoresistance and Cell Cycle Arrest Induction in Colon Cancer Cell Line Spheroids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065252. [PMID: 36982333 PMCID: PMC10049556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been associated with the induction of drug resistance and disease recurrence after therapy. 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is widely used as the first-line treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its effectiveness may be limited by the induction of drug resistance in tumor cells. The Wnt pathway plays a key role in the development and CRC progression, but it is not clearly established how it is involved in CSCs resistance to treatment. This work aimed to investigate the role played by the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CSCs resistance to 5FU treatment. Using tumor spheroids as a model of CSCs enrichment of CRC cell lines with different Wnt/β-catenin contexts, we found that 5FU induces in all CRC spheroids tested cell death, DNA damage, and quiescence, but in different proportions for each one: RKO spheroids were very sensitive to 5FU, while SW480 were less susceptible, and the SW620 spheroids, the metastatic derivative of SW480 cells, displayed the highest resistance to death, high clonogenic capacity, and the highest ability for regrowth after 5FU treatment. Activating the canonical Wnt pathway with Wnt3a in RKO spheroids decreased the 5FU-induced cell death. But the Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition with Adavivint alone or in combination with 5FU in spheroids with aberrant activation of this pathway produced a severe cytostatic effect compromising their clonogenic capacity and diminishing the stem cell markers expression. Remarkably, this combined treatment also induced the survival of a small cell subpopulation that could exit the arrest, recover SOX2 levels, and re-grow after treatment.
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Chen JH, Guo QF, Liu QG, He BX, Song WP, Yin ZH, Li DB, Chen L, Zhang WZ. Chaetoglobosin E inhibits tumor growth and promotes the anti-tumor efficacy of cytotoxic drugs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by targeting PLK1. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1236. [PMID: 36544631 PMCID: PMC9761161 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Currently, there is no satisfactory treatment available for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and thus, there is a pressing need to develop effective drugs. Chaetoglobosin E, a cytochalasan alkaloid derived from metabolites of Chaetomium madrasense 375, is a chaetoglobosin with intense anti-tumor activity. Therefore, revealing its anti-tumor mechanism for the application of cytochalasans is crucial. Methods The cytotoxic effect of chaetoglobosin E and cisplatin on esophageal cancer KYSE-30, KYSE-150, and TE-1 cells was detected using cell viability or colony formation assays. The cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, invasion, and metastasis were assayed by flow cytometry or western blot. The potential target of chaetoglobosin E was assayed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and large loop prediction software analysis and was assessed by western blot and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The effect of its target on cell pyroptosis was assayed using overexpression and silence experiments. Results Chaetoglobosin E significantly inhibited the proliferation of KYSE-30, KYSE-150, and TE-1 cells, especially KYSE-30 cells. Our results showed that chaetoglobosin E induced the G2/M phase arrest of KYSE-30 cells, followed by the down-regulation of cyclinB1, CDC2, and p-CDC2, and up-regulation of p21. Moreover, chaetoglobosin E also decreased the anti-apoptotic protein expression of Bcl-2, increased apoptotic expression of Bax, increased autophagy protein expressions of beclin1 and LC3, decreased invasion and metastasis protein expression of E-cadherin, and increased expression of vimentin. The RNA-seq and large loop prediction software analysis results indicated that its potential target might be polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). Moreover, results also showed that chaetoglobosin E can reverse the PLK1 overexpression plasmid-induced up-regulation of the PLK1 protein. Furthermore, we found that chaetoglobosin E induced pyroptosis via the activation of the gasdermin E (GSDME) protein. Further studies showed that the high expression of PLK1 inactivated the GSDME protein, while the knockdown of PLK1 expression activated the GSDME protein, indicating that chaetoglobosin E induced cell pyroptosis by inhibiting PLK1. Conclusions This study suggested that chaetoglobosin E may be a novel lead compound to the treatment of ESCC patients by targeting PLK1, and elucidated for the first time that PLK1 was involved in a new pyroptosis mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Engineering Research Center for Tumor Precision Medicine and Comprehensive Evaluation, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing-Feng Guo
- Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Natural Products, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Ge Liu
- Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Natural Products, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bao-Xia He
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Engineering Research Center for Tumor Precision Medicine and Comprehensive Evaluation, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Ping Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Engineering Research Center for Tumor Precision Medicine and Comprehensive Evaluation, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Yin
- Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Natural Products, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong-Bei Li
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Natural Products, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Zhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Engineering Research Center for Tumor Precision Medicine and Comprehensive Evaluation, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Research, Zhengzhou, China
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Pinarbasi-Degirmenci N, Sur-Erdem I, Akcay V, Bolukbasi Y, Selek U, Solaroglu I, Bagci-Onder T. Chronically Radiation-Exposed Survivor Glioblastoma Cells Display Poor Response to Chk1 Inhibition under Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137051. [PMID: 35806055 PMCID: PMC9266388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most malignant primary brain tumor, and a cornerstone in its treatment is radiotherapy. However, tumor cells surviving after irradiation indicates treatment failure; therefore, better understanding of the mechanisms regulating radiotherapy response is of utmost importance. In this study, we generated clinically relevant irradiation-exposed models by applying fractionated radiotherapy over a long time and selecting irradiation-survivor (IR-Surv) glioblastoma cells. We examined the transcriptomic alterations, cell cycle and growth rate changes and responses to secondary radiotherapy and DNA damage response (DDR) modulators. Accordingly, IR-Surv cells exhibited slower growth and partly retained their ability to resist secondary irradiation. Concomitantly, IR-Surv cells upregulated the expression of DDR-related genes, such as CHK1, ATM, ATR, and MGMT, and had better DNA repair capacity. IR-Surv cells displayed downregulation of hypoxic signature and lower induction of hypoxia target genes, compared to naïve glioblastoma cells. Moreover, Chk1 inhibition alone or in combination with irradiation significantly reduced cell viability in both naïve and IR-Surv cells. However, IR-Surv cells’ response to Chk1 inhibition markedly decreased under hypoxic conditions. Taken together, we demonstrate the utility of combining DDR inhibitors and irradiation as a successful approach for both naïve and IR-Surv glioblastoma cells as long as cells are refrained from hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nareg Pinarbasi-Degirmenci
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (N.P.-D.); (V.A.)
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
| | - Ilknur Sur-Erdem
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (N.P.-D.); (V.A.)
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (I.S.-E.); (T.B.-O.)
| | - Vuslat Akcay
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (N.P.-D.); (V.A.)
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
| | - Yasemin Bolukbasi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey; (Y.B.); (U.S.)
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ugur Selek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey; (Y.B.); (U.S.)
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ihsan Solaroglu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Tugba Bagci-Onder
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (N.P.-D.); (V.A.)
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (I.S.-E.); (T.B.-O.)
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Zhu Y, Chen Z, Kim SN, Gan C, Ryl T, Lesjak MS, Rodemerk J, Zhong RD, Wrede K, Dammann P, Sure U. Characterization of Temozolomide Resistance Using a Novel Acquired Resistance Model in Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092211. [PMID: 35565340 PMCID: PMC9101568 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line drug for chemotherapy of GBM, the most aggressive and incurable brain tumor. Acquired chemoresistance is a hallmark that causes the poor prognosis of GBM. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms by using a proper model becomes emergent. Previous models usually take weeks/months and are often not fully representative of characteristics of TMZ resistance. We established an acute acquired TMZ resistance model using GBM cell lines with different genomic backgrounds. In response to TMZ, the resistant cells showed less susceptibility and sustained regrowth, high clonogenicity, reduced DNA damage accompanied by attenuated MMR, shortened G2/M arrest, uncontrolled DNA replication, and evasion of apoptosis. Moreover, these TMZ resistant cells presented stem cell properties that are critical for chemoresistance. Thus, our model recapitulates all key features of TMZ resistance and is believed to be a promising model to study the underlying mechanisms and define therapeutics for GBM in the future. Abstract Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first line of standard therapy in glioblastoma (GBM). However, relapse occurs due to TMZ resistance. We attempted to establish an acquired TMZ resistance model that recapitulates the TMZ resistance phenotype and the relevant gene signature. Two GBM cell lines received two cycles of TMZ (150 µM) treatment for 72 h each. Regrown cells (RG2) were defined as TMZ resistant cells. MTT assay revealed significantly less susceptibility and sustained growth of RG2 compared with parental cells after TMZ challenge. TMZ-induced DNA damage significantly decreased in 53BP1-foci reporter transduced-RG2 cells compared with parental cells, associated with downregulation of MSH2 and MSH6. Flow cytometry revealed reduced G2/M arrest, increased EdU incorporation and suppressed apoptosis in RG2 cells after TMZ treatment. Colony formation and neurosphere assay demonstrated enhanced clonogenicity and neurosphere formation capacity in RG2 cells, accompanied by upregulation of stem markers. Collectively, we established an acute TMZ resistance model that recapitulated key features of TMZ resistance involving impaired mismatch repair, redistribution of cell cycle phases, increased DNA replication, reduced apoptosis and enhanced self-renewal. Therefore, this model may serve as a promising research tool for studying mechanisms of TMZ resistance and for defining therapeutic approaches to GBM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0049-201-723-1231
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Su Na Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Chao Gan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
| | - Tatsiana Ryl
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
| | - Michaela Silvia Lesjak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
| | - Jan Rodemerk
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Rong De Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
| | - Karsten Wrede
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Dammann
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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