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Sun Y, Wu T, Gu J. An emerging role of N-glycosylation in cancer chemoresistance. Carbohydr Res 2024; 539:109107. [PMID: 38613897 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Chemoresistance poses a significant obstacle in the effective treatment of cancer, limiting the success of chemotherapy regimens. N-glycosylation, the most important post-translational modification (PTM), plays multifaceted roles in the intricate landscape of cancer progression, particularly drug resistance in cancer cells. This review explores the complex relationship between N-glycosylation and chemoresistance in cancer. Altered glycosylation patterns have been proven to impact drug efflux mechanisms in cancer cells, which can further influence the intracellular concentration of chemotherapy drugs. Moreover, N-glycosylation also plays a regulatory role in cell signaling pathways and apoptosis regulators, continuously affecting the stemness and survival of cancer cells under the selective pressure of chemotherapy. Additionally, the impact of the tumor microenvironment on glycosylation patterns adds complexity to this interplay. This review discusses current research findings, challenges, and future directions based on the roles of N-glycosylation in cancer chemoresistance, emphasizing the potential for targeted therapeutic interventions to enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Sun
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Tiangui Wu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558, Japan.
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Shi T, Li M, Yu Y. Machine learning-enhanced insights into sphingolipid-based prognostication: revealing the immunological landscape and predictive proficiency for immunomotherapy and chemotherapy responses in pancreatic carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1284623. [PMID: 38028544 PMCID: PMC10643633 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1284623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: With a poor prognosis for affected individuals, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is known as a complicated and diverse illness. Immunocytes have become essential elements in the development of PAAD. Notably, sphingolipid metabolism has a dual function in the development of tumors and the invasion of the immune system. Despite these implications, research on the predictive ability of sphingolipid variables for PAAD prognosis is strikingly lacking, and it is yet unclear how they can affect PAAD immunotherapy and targeted pharmacotherapy. Methods: The investigation process included SPG detection while also being pertinent to the prognosis for PAAD. Both the analytical capability of CIBERSORT and the prognostic capability of the pRRophetic R package were used to evaluate the immunological environments of the various HCC subtypes. In addition, CCK-8 experiments on PAAD cell lines were carried out to confirm the accuracy of drug sensitivity estimates. The results of these trials, which also evaluated cell survival and migratory patterns, confirmed the usefulness of sphingolipid-associated genes (SPGs). Results: As a result of this thorough investigation, 32 SPGs were identified, each of which had a measurable influence on the dynamics of overall survival. This collection of genes served as the conceptual framework for the development of a prognostic model, which was carefully assembled from 10 chosen genes. It should be noted that this grouping of patients into cohorts with high and low risk was a sign of different immune profiles and therapy responses. The increased abundance of SPGs was identified as a possible sign of inadequate responses to immune-based treatment approaches. The careful CCK-8 testing carried out on PAAD cell lines was of the highest importance for providing clear confirmation of drug sensitivity estimates. Conclusion: The significance of Sphingolipid metabolism in the complex web of PAAD development is brought home by this study. The novel risk model, built on the complexity of sphingolipid-associated genes, advances our understanding of PAAD and offers doctors a powerful tool for developing personalised treatment plans that are specifically suited to the unique characteristics of each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yabin Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
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Garcia-Vallicrosa C, Falcon-Perez JM, Royo F. The Role of Longevity Assurance Homolog 2/Ceramide Synthase 2 in Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15668. [PMID: 37958652 PMCID: PMC10650086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The human CERS2 gene encodes a ceramide synthase enzyme, known as CERS2 (ceramide synthase 2). This protein is also known as LASS2 (LAG1 longevity assurance homolog 2) and TMSG1 (tumor metastasis-suppressor gene 1). Although previously described as a tumor suppressor for different types of cancer, such as prostate or liver cancer, it has also been observed to promote tumor growth in adenocarcinoma. In this review, we focus on the influence of CERS2 in bladder cancer (BC), approaching the existing literature about its structure and activity, as well as the miRNAs regulating its expression. From a mechanistic point of view, different explanations for the role of CERS2 as an antitumor protein have been proposed, including the production of long-chain ceramides, interaction with vacuolar ATPase, and its function as inhibitor of mitochondrial fission. In addition, we reviewed the literature specifically studying the expression of this gene in both BC and biopsy-derived tumor cell lines, complementing this with an analysis of public gene expression data and its association with disease progression. We also discuss the importance of CERS2 as a biomarker and the presence of CERS2 mRNA in extracellular vesicles isolated from urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Garcia-Vallicrosa
- Exosomes Laboratory and Metabolomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain; (C.G.-V.); (J.M.F.-P.)
| | - Juan M. Falcon-Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory and Metabolomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain; (C.G.-V.); (J.M.F.-P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Felix Royo
- Exosomes Laboratory and Metabolomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain; (C.G.-V.); (J.M.F.-P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Xue Q, Zhang T, Zhu R, Qian Y, Dong X, Mo L, Jiang Y. Inhibition of Ceramide Synthesis Attenuates Chronic Ethanol Induced Cardiotoxicity by Restoring Lysosomal Function and Reducing Necroptosis. Alcohol Alcohol 2023; 58:164-174. [PMID: 36562604 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chronic alcohol misuse could cause alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM), and the specific mechanisms remained largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of endogenous ceramides on chronic ethanol-induced myocardial injury or cell loss (e.g. necroptosis). METHODS We established chronic alcohol intoxication models in vivo (male C57BL/6 mice) and in vitro (H9c2 cardiomyoblasts). The ceramide profiles were analyzed in mice myocardium and cultured cardiomyocytes. Further research on the role of ceramides and underlying signaling pathways was carried out in H9c2 cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The ceramide profiles analysis revealed increased long and very long-chain ceramides in alcoholic myocardium and ethanol-treated cardiomyocytes. Next, we proved that endogenous ceramide inhibition could reduce necroptosis and alleviate cardiomyocytes injury as suggested by decreased levels of p-RIPK1, p-RIPK3 and p-MLKL proteins and cardiac injury factors expression. Furthermore, we found that lysosomal dysfunction also contributed to alcohol-induced cardiac damage and inhibiting ceramide biosynthesis could repaired this to some extent. Cells studies with exogenous C6 ceramide confirmed the pleotropic roles of ceramide in myocardial damage by causing both necroptosis and lysosomal dysfunction. Finally, our data suggested that lysosomal dysfunction could sensitize cardiomyocytes to induction of necroptosis due to the restriction on degradation of RIPK1/RIPK3 proteins. In conclusion, chronic ethanol treatment boosted myocardial ceramide synthesis in animal hearts and cultured cardiomyocytes. Moreover, ceramides exerted crucial roles in the intrinsic signaling pathways of alcohol-induced cardiotoxicity. Targeting ceramide biosynthesis to simultaneously attenuate necroptosis and lysosomal dysfunction might be a novel strategy for preventing alcoholic cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiupeng Xue
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rongzhe Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yile Qian
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoru Dong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lingjie Mo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
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Oxidative-Stress-Mediated ER Stress Is Involved in Regulating Manoalide-Induced Antiproliferation in Oral Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043987. [PMID: 36835397 PMCID: PMC9965613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Manoalide provides preferential antiproliferation of oral cancer but is non-cytotoxic to normal cells by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Although ROS interplays with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis, the influence of ER stress on manoalide-triggered apoptosis has not been reported. The role of ER stress in manoalide-induced preferential antiproliferation and apoptosis was assessed in this study. Manoalide induces a higher ER expansion and aggresome accumulation of oral cancer than normal cells. Generally, manoalide differentially influences higher mRNA and protein expressions of ER-stress-associated genes (PERK, IRE1α, ATF6, and BIP) in oral cancer cells than in normal cells. Subsequently, the contribution of ER stress on manoalide-treated oral cancer cells was further examined. ER stress inducer, thapsigargin, enhances the manoalide-induced antiproliferation, caspase 3/7 activation, and autophagy of oral cancer cells rather than normal cells. Moreover, N-acetylcysteine, an ROS inhibitor, reverses the responses of ER stress, aggresome formation, and the antiproliferation of oral cancer cells. Consequently, the preferential ER stress of manoalide-treated oral cancer cells is crucial for its antiproliferative effect.
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Zhao L, Guo Y, Liu Z, Ma J, Peng Y, Zhang D. Characterization of glycosylation regulator-mediated glycosylation modification patterns and tumor microenvironment infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:1001901. [PMID: 36437920 PMCID: PMC9697576 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1001901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that glycosylation of proteins ofen plays an important role in HCC. However, the potential mechanism of glycosylation in HCC has not been described systematically. Methods: We comprehensively evaluated the glycosylation patterns in HCC samples based on 43 glycosylation regulators, and annotated the modification patterns with the enrichment of immune cells and stromal cells. Considering the heterogeneity of HCC patients, the glycosylation score was constructed using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). We also explored the drugs that different HCC patients were sensitive to based on glycosylation mode and score. Results: We identified three glycosylation-regulated gene subtypes. By annotating the subtypes, it was found that the glycosylation regulated gene subtypes was highly matched with three immunophenotypes of HCC (immune-inflamed, immune-excluded, and immune-desert), regardless of the characteristics of immune cell infiltration or prognosis. Based on the characteristic genes of glycosylation-regulated gene subtypes, we constructed a glycosylation-related model, and found that glycosylation-related model was highly consistent with the glycosylation regulated gene subtypes. The glycosylation score that evaluates the glycosylation characteristics of a single HCC sample has high prognostic value, and the prognosis of patients with high glycosylation score is significantly worse. Interestingly, we found that the glycosylation score was closely related to tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging. By applying glycosylation-regulated gene subtypes and glycosylation score to explore the sensitivity of different patients to anticancer drugs, it was found that the sensitivity of Thapsigargin, Shikonin, Embelin and Epothilone. B was closely related to the glycosylation mode. Conclusion: This study reveals that the diversity of glycosylation patterns plays an important role in HCC. Therefore, evaluating the glycosylation patterns of patients with HCC will be helpful in identifying the characteristics of immune cell infiltration and selecting accurate treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhao
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First People’s Hospital Xining City, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High-Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High-Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhanfeng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First People’s Hospital Xining City, Xining, China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yanfeng Peng
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, China
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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