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Ferracini R, Alessio-Mazzola M, Sonzogni B, Stambazzi C, Ursino C, Roato I, Mussano F, Bistolfi A, Furlan S, Godio L, Alotto D, Formica M. Age and synovitis affect the results of the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with Microfragmented Autologous Fat Tissue. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:3655-3664. [PMID: 36087128 PMCID: PMC10435636 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-022-07139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Microfragmented Autologous Fat Tissue (MFAT) treatment for knee osteoarthritis and to investigate whether patients' pre-treatment clinical condition, such as synovitis, correlates with clinical outcomes, to identify potential predicting factors for the success or failure of the treatment. METHODS In this prospective Cohort Study Level II multicentric trial, consecutive patients with a diagnosis of early/mild osteoarthritis and failure of previous conservative measures were enrolled to undergo diagnostic arthroscopy and a single MFAT injection. Patients were assessed with repeated scoring systems at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery. The demographic features, the arthroscopic findings, the immunophenotype of injected tissue and the histologic examination of synovia of failed patients were analyzed. RESULTS Data from 91 patients showed a significant improvement in Lysholm, WOMAC scores at 1-year follow-up (p < 0.001). A significant decrease in VAS score was observed, while a significant improvement of measured flexion angle was registered at 1 year (p < 0.001). No major complications were reported. Age and synovitis were identified as significant factors influencing the clinical outcome (p < 0.05). Body mass index, previous or concomitant procedures, and specific cartilage defects had no influence. The mean number of injected adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells seem not to correlate with the clinical outcome. CONCLUSION MFAT is effective in reducing pain when used with a single dose injection in early/mild OA of the knee, without major complications. Age over 60 and synovitis may be predictive for persistent pain at one year and should be considered before indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ferracini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16134, Genoa, Italy.
- Ospedale Koelliker, Corso Galileo Ferraris 247/255, 10134, Turin, Italy.
| | - M Alessio-Mazzola
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Orthopaedic and Trauma Unit, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - B Sonzogni
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16134, Genoa, Italy
| | - C Stambazzi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16134, Genoa, Italy
| | - C Ursino
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16134, Genoa, Italy
| | - I Roato
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Bone and Dental Bioengineering Laboratory, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin, via Nizza 230, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - F Mussano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Bone and Dental Bioengineering Laboratory, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin, via Nizza 230, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - A Bistolfi
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, Corso Dante 202, 14100, Asti, Italy
| | - S Furlan
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16134, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Godio
- First University Service, Pathologic Anatomy, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città Della Salute, Corso Bramante 88, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - D Alotto
- Department of General Surgery and Special Surgery, Burns Center Unit, Unit of Skin Bank, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - M Formica
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16134, Genoa, Italy
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2
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Kouroupis D, Kaplan LD, Huard J, Best TM. CD10-Bound Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Possess Immunomodulatory Cargo and Maintain Cartilage Homeostasis under Inflammatory Conditions. Cells 2023; 12:1824. [PMID: 37508489 PMCID: PMC10377825 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset and progression of human inflammatory joint diseases are strongly associated with the activation of resident synovium/infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) pro-inflammatory and pain-transmitting signaling. We recently reported that intra-articularly injected IFP-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (IFP-MSC) acquire a potent immunomodulatory phenotype and actively degrade substance P (SP) via neutral endopeptidase CD10 (neprilysin). Our hypothesis is that IFP-MSC robust immunomodulatory therapeutic effects are largely exerted via their CD10-bound small extracellular vesicles (IFP-MSC sEVs) by attenuating synoviocyte pro-inflammatory activation and articular cartilage degradation. Herein, IFP-MSC sEVs were isolated from CD10High- and CD10Low-expressing IFP-MSC cultures and their sEV miRNA cargo was assessed using multiplex methods. Functionally, we interrogated the effect of CD10High and CD10Low sEVs on stimulated by inflammatory/fibrotic cues synoviocyte monocultures and cocultures with IFP-MSC-derived chondropellets. Finally, CD10High sEVs were tested in vivo for their therapeutic capacity in an animal model of acute synovitis/fat pad fibrosis. Our results showed that CD10High and CD10Low sEVs possess distinct miRNA profiles. Reactome analysis of miRNAs highly present in sEVs showed their involvement in the regulation of six gene groups, particularly those involving the immune system. Stimulated synoviocytes exposed to IFP-MSC sEVs demonstrated significantly reduced proliferation and altered inflammation-related molecular profiles compared to control stimulated synoviocytes. Importantly, CD10High sEV treatment of stimulated chondropellets/synoviocyte cocultures indicated significant chondroprotective effects. Therapeutically, CD10High sEV treatment resulted in robust chondroprotective effects by retaining articular cartilage structure/composition and PRG4 (lubricin)-expressing cartilage cells in the animal model of acute synovitis/IFP fibrosis. Our study suggests that CD10High sEVs possess immunomodulatory miRNA attributes with strong chondroprotective/anabolic effects for articular cartilage in vivo. The results could serve as a foundation for sEV-based therapeutics for the resolution of detrimental aspects of immune-mediated inflammatory joint changes associated with conditions such as osteoarthritis (OA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33146, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Lee D Kaplan
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Linda and Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA
| | - Thomas M Best
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33146, USA
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3
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Zhao F, Bai Y, Xiang X, Pang X. The role of fibromodulin in inflammatory responses and diseases associated with inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1191787. [PMID: 37483637 PMCID: PMC10360182 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1191787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an immune response that the host organism eliminates threats from foreign objects or endogenous signals. It plays a key role in the progression, prognosis as well as therapy of diseases. Chronic inflammatory diseases have been regarded as the main cause of death worldwide at present, which greatly affect a vast number of individuals, producing economic and social burdens. Thus, developing drugs targeting inflammation has become necessary and attractive in the world. Currently, accumulating evidence suggests that small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) exhibit essential roles in various inflammatory responses by acting as an anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory role in different scenarios of diseases. Of particular interest was a well-studied member, termed fibromodulin (FMOD), which has been largely explored in the role of inflammatory responses in inflammatory-related diseases. In this review, particular focus is given to the role of FMOD in inflammatory response including the relationship of FMOD with the complement system and immune cells, as well as the role of FMOD in the diseases associated with inflammation, such as skin wounding healing, osteoarthritis (OA), tendinopathy, atherosclerosis, and heart failure (HF). By conducting this review, we intend to gain insight into the role of FMOD in inflammation, which may open the way for the development of new anti-inflammation drugs in the scenarios of different inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuerong Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Pang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Yuan S, Li G, Zhang J, Chen X, Su J, Zhou F. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Treatments for Osteoarthritis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1814. [PMID: 37514001 PMCID: PMC10385170 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the joints characterized by cartilage damage and severe pain. Despite various pharmacological and surgical interventions, current therapies fail to halt OA progression, leading to high morbidity and an economic burden. Thus, there is an urgent need for alternative therapeutic approaches that can effectively address the underlying pathophysiology of OA. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represent a new paradigm in OA treatment. MSC-EVs are small membranous particles released by MSCs during culture, both in vitro and in vivo. They possess regenerative properties and can attenuate inflammation, thereby promoting cartilage healing. Importantly, MSC-EVs have several advantages over MSCs as cell-based therapies, including lower risks of immune reactions and ethical issues. Researchers have recently explored different strategies, such as modifying EVs to enhance their delivery, targeting efficiency, and security, with promising results. This article reviews how MSC-EVs can help treat OA and how they might work. It also briefly discusses the benefits and challenges of using MSC-EVs and talks about the possibility of allogeneic and autologous MSC-EVs for medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunling Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guangfeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai 200941, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Rehabilitation Center of Joint Logistics Support Force, Tianjin 300110, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Materials Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fengjin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710000, China
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Manzoor T, Saleem A, Farooq N, Dar LA, Nazir J, Saleem S, Ismail S, Gugjoo MB, Shiekh PA, Ahmad SM. Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells - a novel therapeutic tool in infectious diseases. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:17. [PMID: 36849892 PMCID: PMC9970864 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized lipid-bilayer encapsulated vesicles produced by the cells. These EVs are released into the surrounding space by almost all cell types. The EVs help in intercellular communication via their payloads which contain various proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids generated from the donor cells and allow for synergistic responses in surrounding cells. In recent years, EVs have been increasingly important in treating infectious diseases, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, wound infections, sepsis, and intestinal infections. Studies have confirmed the therapeutic value of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) for treating infectious diseases to eliminate the pathogen, modulate the resistance, and restore tissue damage in infectious diseases. This can be achieved by producing antimicrobial substances, inhibiting pathogen multiplication, and activating macrophage phagocytic activity. Pathogen compounds can be diffused by inserting them into EVs produced and secreted by host cells or by secreting them as microbial cells producing EVs carrying signalling molecules and DNA shielding infected pathogens from immune attack. EVs play a key role in infectious pathogenesis and hold great promise for developing innovative treatments. In this review, we discuss the role of MSC-EVs in treating various infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasaduq Manzoor
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Afnan Saleem
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Nida Farooq
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Lateef Ahmad Dar
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Junaid Nazir
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Sahar Saleem
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Sameena Ismail
- grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Government Degree College, Khanabal Kashmir, India
| | - Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Veterinary Clinical Services Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Parvaiz A. Shiekh
- grid.417967.a0000 0004 0558 8755Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, 110016 India
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India.
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6
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Sun Y, Fang Y, Li X, Li J, Liu D, Wei M, Liao Z, Meng Y, Zhai L, Yokota H, Yang L, Yu Y, Zhang P. A static magnetic field enhances the repair of osteoarthritic cartilage by promoting the migration of stem cells and chondrogenesis. J Orthop Translat 2023; 39:43-54. [PMID: 36721767 PMCID: PMC9849874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of static magnetic field (SMF) and its regulatory mechanism in the repair of osteoarthritic cartilage. Methods Fourteen-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the sham operation group and the osteoarthritis (OA) groups with and without SMF application. SMF was applied at 200 mT for two consecutive weeks. Changes in knee cartilage were examined by histomorphometry, and the chondrogenesis and migration of endogenous stem cells were assessed. The expression of SRY-related protein 9 (SOX9), Collagen type II (COL2), matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13), stromal cell-derived factor 1/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (SDF-1/CXCR4), Piezo1 and other genes was evaluated, and the mechanism of SMF's action was tested using the CXCR4 inhibitor, AMD3100, and Piezo1 siRNA. Results SMF significantly decreased the OARSI scores after induction of OA. SMF was beneficial to chondrogenesis by elevating SOX9. In the OA mouse model, an increase in MMP13 with a decrease in COL2 led to the destruction of the cartilage extracellular matrix, which was suppressed by SMF. SMF promoted the migration of cartilage-derived stem/progenitor cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It increased SDF-1 and CXCR4, while the CXCR4 inhibitor significantly suppressed the beneficial effects of SMF. The application of Piezo1 siRNA inhibited the SMF-induced increase of CXCR4. Conclusion SMF enhanced chondrogenesis and improved cartilage extracellular matrices. It activated the Piezo1-mediated SDF-1/CXCR4 regulatory axis and promoted the migration of endogenous stem cells. Collectively, it attenuated the pathological progression of cartilage destruction in OA mice. The Translational potential of this article The findings in this study provided convincing evidence that SMF could enhance cartilage repair and improve OA symptoms, suggesting that SMF could have clinical value in the treatment of OA.
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Key Words
- BMSCs, Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
- CC, Calcified cartilage
- CD105, Endothelial glycoprotein
- CD146, Melanoma cell adhesion molecule
- CD166, Activated leukocyte adhesion molecule
- COL2, CollagenⅡ
- CSPCs, Cartilage-derived stem/progenitor cells
- CXCR4, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4
- Chondrogenesis
- HC, Hyaline cartilage
- MMP13, Matrix metallopeptidase 13
- MSCs, Mesenchymal stem cells
- Mesenchymal stem cells
- OA, Osteoarthritis
- OARSI, Osteoarthritis Research Society International
- Osteoarthritis
- Piezo1
- SDF-1, Stromal cell-derived factor 1
- SDF-1/CXCR4
- SMF, Static magnetic field
- SOX9, SRY-related protein 9
- Static magnetic field
- TAC, Total articular cartilage
- mT, Millitesla
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanwen Fang
- Heye Health Technology Co., Ltd., Huzhou, China
| | - Xinle Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Daquan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Wei
- Heye Health Technology Co., Ltd., Huzhou, China
| | | | - Yao Meng
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lidong Zhai
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lei Yang
- Center for Health Sciences and Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Smart Theranostics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Corresponding author. Department of Anatomy and Histology School of Basic Medical Sciences Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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7
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Amirsaadat S, Amirazad H, Hashemihesar R, Zarghami N. An update on the effect of intra-articular intervention strategies using nanomaterials in osteoarthritis: Possible clinical application. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1128856. [PMID: 36873347 PMCID: PMC9978162 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1128856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common progressive condition affecting joints. It mainly affects the knees and hips as predominant weight-bearing joints. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) accounts for a large proportion of osteoarthritis and presents numerous symptoms that impair quality of life, such as stiffness, pain, dysfunction, and even deformity. For more than two decades, intra-articular (IA) treatment options for managing knee osteoarthritis have included analgesics, hyaluronic acid (HA), corticosteroids, and some unproven alternative therapies. Before effective disease-modifying treatments for knee osteoarthritis, treatments are primarily symptomatic, mainly including intra-articular corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid, so these agents represent the most frequently used class of drugs for managing knee osteoarthritis. But research suggests other factors, such as the placebo effect, have an essential role in the effectiveness of these drugs. Several novel intra-articular therapies are currently in the clinical trial processes, such as biological therapies, gene and cell therapies. Besides, it has been shown that the development of novel drug nanocarriers and delivery systems could improve the effectiveness of therapeutic agents in osteoarthritis. This review discusses the various treatment methods and delivery systems for knee osteoarthritis and the new agents that have been introduced or are in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumayeh Amirsaadat
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Halimeh Amirazad
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Hashemihesar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Türkiye.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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8
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Nguyen TH, Dao HH, Duong CM, Nguyen XH, Hoang DH, Do XH, Truong TQ, Nguyen TD, Nguyen LT, Than UTT. Cytokine-primed umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells enhanced therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles on osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1041592. [PMID: 36389838 PMCID: PMC9647019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1041592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a potential cell-free therapy against osteoarthritis (OA). Thus, we investigated the therapeutic effects of EVs released by cytokine-primed umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSCs) on osteoarthritic chondrocyte physiology. Priming UCMSCs individually with transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), interferon alpha (IFNα), or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) significantly reduced the sorting of miR-181b-3p but not miR-320a-3p; two negative regulators of chondrocyte regeneration, into EVs. However, the EV treatment did not show any significant effect on chondrocyte proliferation. Meanwhile, EVs from both non-priming and cytokine-primed UCMSCs induced migration at later time points of measurement. Moreover, TGFβ-primed UCMSCs secreted EVs that could upregulate the expression of chondrogenesis markers (COL2 and ACAN) and downregulate fibrotic markers (COL1 and RUNX2) in chondrocytes. Hence, priming UCMSCs with cytokines can deliver selective therapeutic effects of EV treatment in OA and chondrocyte-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Huyen Nguyen
- Center of Applied Sciences, Regenerative Medicine and Advance Technologies, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huy Hoang Dao
- Center of Applied Sciences, Regenerative Medicine and Advance Technologies, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chau Minh Duong
- Center of Applied Sciences, Regenerative Medicine and Advance Technologies, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Xuan-Hung Nguyen
- Center of Applied Sciences, Regenerative Medicine and Advance Technologies, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Diem Huong Hoang
- Center of Applied Sciences, Regenerative Medicine and Advance Technologies, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Xuan-Hai Do
- Department of Practical and Experimental Surgery, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trung Quang Truong
- Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tu Dac Nguyen
- Center of Applied Sciences, Regenerative Medicine and Advance Technologies, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Liem Thanh Nguyen
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Uyen Thi Trang Than
- Center of Applied Sciences, Regenerative Medicine and Advance Technologies, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
- *Correspondence: Uyen Thi Trang Than,
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9
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Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Shehabaz S, Jeyaraman N, Rajendran RL, Hong CM, Nallakumarasamy A, Packkyarathinam RP, Sharma S, Ranjan R, Khanna M, Ahn BC, Gangadaran P. Current understanding of MSC-derived exosomes in the management of knee osteoarthritis. Exp Cell Res 2022; 418:113274. [PMID: 35810774 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have been utilized as medicinal agents or as delivery vehicles in cartilage injuries and cartilage-based diseases. Given the ongoing emergence of evidence on the effector mechanisms and methods of the utility of the MSC-Exos in knee osteoarthritis, a comprehensive review of the current evidence is the need of the hour. Hence, in this article, we review the current understanding of the role of MSC-Exos in the management of knee osteoarthritis in view of their classification, characterization, biogenesis, mechanism of action, pathways involved in their therapeutic action, in-vitro evidence on cartilage regeneration, in-vivo evidence in OA knee models and recent advances in using MSC-Exos to better streamline future research from bench to bedside for OA knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine - Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, 600095, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul, 624304, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Syed Shehabaz
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Dr. RML National Law University, Lucknow, 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Dr. RML National Law University, Lucknow, 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; Joint Replacement, Department of Orthopaedics, Atlas Hospitals, Tiruchirappalli, 620002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Arulkumar Nallakumarasamy
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751019, Odissa, India
| | | | - Shilpa Sharma
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Rajni Ranjan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Khanna
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Orthopaedics, Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226401, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Lin J, Yang Z, Wang L, Xing D, Lin J. Global research trends in extracellular vesicles based on stem cells from 1991 to 2021: A bibliometric and visualized study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:956058. [PMID: 36110319 PMCID: PMC9468424 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.956058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: With the development of extracellular vesicles (EVs) based on stem cells research all over the world, our present study was aiming to discover the global trends in this field. Methods: All publications related to EVs based on stem cells from 1991 to 2021 were collected from the Science Citation Index-Expanded of Web of Science Subsequently, the data were evaluated using the bibliometric methodology. In terms of visualized study, the VOS viewer software was performed to investigate the bibliographic coupling, co-citation, co-authorship, and co-occurrence trends, and last for the publication’s trends involved in the field of EVs based on stem cells. Results: A total of 8,208 publications were retrieved and the relative number of global publications and research interests were increasing every year especially in recent 5 years. China rank top one in terms of total publications, prolific authors, and funds, whereas the USA made the greatest contributions with the most total citations and highest H-index to the global research. Stem cell research therapy contributed the highest publications, whereas the journal of PLOS ONE showed the best total link strength. The Shanghai Jiao Tong University, University of California System, and Harvard University were the most contributive institutions. The global studies could be divided into six clusters as follows: cancer research, musculoskeletal system research, respiratory system research, urinary system and endocrine system research, nerve system research, and cardiovascular system research. All the directions were predicted to still hotspots in near future researches in this field. Conclusion: The total number of publications about EVs based stem cells would be increasing according to the current global trends. China and the USA was the largest contributors in this field. Further efforts should be put in the directions of cancer research, musculoskeletal system research, respiratory system research, urinary system and endocrine system research, nerve system research, as well was cardiovascular system research in this field of EVs based stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjing Lin
- Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Xing
- Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Xing, ; Jianhao Lin,
| | - Jianhao Lin
- Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Xing, ; Jianhao Lin,
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11
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Vu DM, Nguyen VT, Nguyen TH, Do PTX, Dao HH, Hai DX, Le NT, Nguyen XH, Than UTT. Effects of Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by TGFβ-Stimulated Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Skin Fibroblasts by Promoting Fibroblast Migration and ECM Protein Production. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081810. [PMID: 36009357 PMCID: PMC9405311 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) have been illustrated for their roles in immunological modulation and tissue regeneration through the secretome. Additionally, culture conditions can trigger the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) into extracellular environments with significant bioactivities. This study aims to investigate the roles of three EV sub-populations released by UCMSCs primed with transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and their capacity to alter dermal fibroblast functions for skin aging. Results show that three EV sub-populations, including apoptotic bodies (ABs), microvesicles (MVs), and exosomes (EXs), were separated from conditioned media. These three EVs carried growth factors, such as FGF-2, HGF, and VEGF-A, and did not express noticeable effects on fibroblast proliferation and migration. Only EX from TGFβ-stimulated UCMSCs exhibited a better capacity to promote fibroblasts migrating to close scratched wounds than EX from UCMSCs cultured in the normal condition from 24 h to 52 h. Additionally, mRNA levels of ECM genes (COL I, COL III, Elastin, HAS II, and HAS III) were detected with lower levels in fibroblasts treated with EVs from normal UCMSCs or TGFβ-stimulated UCMSCs compared to EV-depleted condition. On the contrary, the protein levels of total collagen and elastin released by fibroblasts were greater in the cell groups treated with EVs compared to EV-depleted conditions; particularly elastin associated with TGFβ-stimulated UCMSCs. These data indicate the potential roles of EVs from UCMSCs in protecting skin from aging by promoting ECM protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Minh Vu
- Vinmec Center for Applied Sciences and Regenerative Medicine, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (D.M.V.); (V.-T.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.T.X.D.); (H.H.D.); (N.T.L.); (X.-H.N.)
| | - Van-Tinh Nguyen
- Vinmec Center for Applied Sciences and Regenerative Medicine, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (D.M.V.); (V.-T.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.T.X.D.); (H.H.D.); (N.T.L.); (X.-H.N.)
| | - Thu Huyen Nguyen
- Vinmec Center for Applied Sciences and Regenerative Medicine, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (D.M.V.); (V.-T.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.T.X.D.); (H.H.D.); (N.T.L.); (X.-H.N.)
| | - Phuong Thi Xuan Do
- Vinmec Center for Applied Sciences and Regenerative Medicine, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (D.M.V.); (V.-T.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.T.X.D.); (H.H.D.); (N.T.L.); (X.-H.N.)
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Huy Hoang Dao
- Vinmec Center for Applied Sciences and Regenerative Medicine, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (D.M.V.); (V.-T.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.T.X.D.); (H.H.D.); (N.T.L.); (X.-H.N.)
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Do Xuan Hai
- Department of Practical and Experimental Surgery, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi 12108, Vietnam;
| | - Nhi Thi Le
- Vinmec Center for Applied Sciences and Regenerative Medicine, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (D.M.V.); (V.-T.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.T.X.D.); (H.H.D.); (N.T.L.); (X.-H.N.)
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Xuan-Hung Nguyen
- Vinmec Center for Applied Sciences and Regenerative Medicine, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (D.M.V.); (V.-T.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.T.X.D.); (H.H.D.); (N.T.L.); (X.-H.N.)
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Uyen Thi Trang Than
- Vinmec Center for Applied Sciences and Regenerative Medicine, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (D.M.V.); (V.-T.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.T.X.D.); (H.H.D.); (N.T.L.); (X.-H.N.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Sang X, Zhao X, Yan L, Jin X, Wang X, Wang J, Yin Z, Zhang Y, Meng Z. Thermosensitive Hydrogel Loaded with Primary Chondrocyte-Derived Exosomes Promotes Cartilage Repair by Regulating Macrophage Polarization in Osteoarthritis. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:629-642. [PMID: 35435577 PMCID: PMC9130414 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intra-articular injection is a classic strategy for the treatment of early osteoarthritis (OA). However, the local delivery of traditional therapeutic agents has limited benefits for alleviating OA. Exosomes, an important type of extracellular nanovesicle, show great potential for suppressing cartilage destruction in OA to replace drugs and stem cell-based administration. METHODS In this study, we developed a thermosensitive, injectable hydrogel by in situ crosslinking of Pluronic F-127 and hyaluronic acid, which can be used as a slow-release carrier to durably retain primary chondrocyte-derived exosomes at damaged cartilage sites to effectively magnify their reparative effect. RESULTS It was found that the hydrogel can sustainedly release exosomes, positively regulate chondrocytes on the proliferation, migration and differentiation, as well as efficiently induce polarization of M1 to M2 macrophages. Intra-articular injection of this exosomes-incorporated hydrogel significantly prevented cartilage destruction by promoting cartilage matrix formation. This strategy also displayed a regenerative immune phenotype characterized by a higher infiltration of CD163+ regenerative M2 macrophages over CD86+ M1 macrophages in synovial and chondral tissue, with a concomitant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and increase in anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in synovial fluid. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that local sustained-release primary chondrocyte-derived exosomes may relieve OA by promoting the phenotypic transformation of macrophages from M1 to M2, which suggesting a great potential for the application in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Sang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Xiuhong Zhao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, People's Hospital of Qinghai Provincial, Xining, 810007, China
| | - Lianqi Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Jianjian Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Zhenglu Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Zhaoxiang Meng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
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13
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Lin Z, Deng Z, Liu J, Lin Z, Chen S, Deng Z, Li W. Chloride Channel and Inflammation-Mediated Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:953-964. [PMID: 35177922 PMCID: PMC8846625 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s350432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage allows the human body to buffer and absorb stress during normal exercise. It is mainly composed of cartilage cells and the extracellular matrix and is surrounded by the extracellular microenvironment formed by synovial fluid and various factors in it. Studies have shown that chondrocytes are the metabolic center of articular cartilage. Under physiological conditions, the extracellular matrix is in a dynamic balance of anabolism and catabolism, and various factors and physical and chemical conditions in the extracellular microenvironment are also in a steady state. This homeostasis depends on the normal function of proteins represented by various ion channels on chondrocytes. In mammalian chondrocyte species, ion channels are mainly divided into two categories: cation channels and anion channels. Anion channels such as chloride channels have become hot research topics in recent years. These channels play an extremely important role in various physiological processes. Recently, a growing body of evidence has shown that many pathological processes, abnormal concentration of mechanical stress and chloride channel dysfunction in articular cartilage lead to microenvironment disorders, matrix and bone metabolism imbalances, which cause partial aseptic inflammation. These pathological processes initiate extracellular matrix degradation, abnormal chondrocyte death, hyperplasia of inflammatory synovium and bony. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common clinical disease in orthopedics. Its typical manifestations are joint inflammation and pain caused by articular cartilage degeneration, but its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Focusing on the physiological functions and pathological changes of chloride channels and pathophysiology of aseptic inflammation furthers the understanding of OA pathogenesis and provides possible targets for subsequent medication development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Lin
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqin Deng
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongshi Lin
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control (Shenzhen Testing Center of Medical Devices), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhenhan Deng, Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, 3002 Sungang West Road, Shenzhen City, 518025, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13928440786, Fax +86 755-83366388, Email
| | - Wencui Li
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
- Wencui Li, Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, 3002 Sungang West Road, Shenzhen City, 518025, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13923750767, Email
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