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Canè L, Poto R, Palestra F, Pirozzi M, Parashuraman S, Iacobucci I, Ferrara AL, La Rocca A, Mercadante E, Pucci P, Marone G, Monti M, Loffredo S, Varricchi G. TSLP is localized in and released from human lung macrophages activated by T2-high and T2-low stimuli: relevance in asthma and COPD. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 124:89-98. [PMID: 38402021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are the predominant immune cells in the human lung and play a central role in airway inflammation, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a pleiotropic cytokine mainly expressed by bronchial epithelial cells, plays a key role in asthma and COPD pathobiology. TSLP exists in two variants: the long form (lfTSLP) and a shorter TSLP isoform (sfTSLP). We aimed to localize TSLP in human lung macrophages (HLMs) and investigate the mechanisms of its release from these cells. We also evaluated the effects of the two variants of TSLP on the release of angiogenic factor from HLMs. METHODS We employed immunofluorescence and Western blot to localize intracellular TSLP in HLMs purified from human lung parenchyma. HLMs were activated by T2-high (IL-4, IL-13) and T2-low (lipopolysaccharide: LPS) immunological stimuli. RESULTS TSLP was detected in HLMs and subcellularly localized in the cytoplasm. IL-4 and LPS induced TSLP release from HLMs. Preincubation of macrophages with brefeldin A, known to disrupt the Golgi apparatus, inhibited TSLP release induced by LPS and IL-4. lfTSLP concentration-dependently induced the release of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), the most potent angiogenic factor, from HLMs. sfTSLP neither activated nor interfered with the activating property of lfTSLP on macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight a novel immunologic circuit between HLMs and TSLP. Given the central role of macrophages in airway inflammation, this autocrine loop holds potential translational relevance in understanding innovative aspects of the pathobiology of asthma and chronic inflammatory lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Canè
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Palestra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marinella Pirozzi
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Seetharaman Parashuraman
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Anne Lise Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello La Rocca
- Thoracic Surgery Unit - Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mercadante
- Thoracic Surgery Unit - Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Piero Pucci
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Xinchong P, Changxi Z, Anni Z, Wenrui Y, Jingyun L, Xue S. The Bufei Nashen pill inhibits the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1 signaling pathway to regulate extracellular matrix deposition and improve COPD progression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024:118390. [PMID: 38823661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE According to the theory and practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be classified as "cough," "dyspnea," or "lung distention disease." Bufei Nashen pill (BFNSP) is a classic Chinese herbal formula with certain activity against the above syndromes. FNSP has previously been shown to improve clinical symptoms (cough, lumbar and knee weakness, tinnitus) in patients with occupationally related interstitial lung disease. AIM OF THE STUDY There is a lack of convincing evidence supporting the use of BFNSP for the treatment of COPD. This study aimed to investigate the effect of BFNSP on COPD and explore its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was used to analyze the main components of BFNSP and BFNSP-containing serum. A COPD rat model was generated, and the rats were treated with different doses of BFNSP. Lung function indices were analyzed by a pulmonary function testing system, and lung histopathology was assessed by HE staining and scanning electron microscopy. The levels of TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, MMP3, MMP-9, and TIMP1 in BALF and the levels of MMP3, MMP-9, TIMP1, and HA in serum were detected by ELISA. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the expression of Col-I, Col-III, and LN in lung tissues. RT‒qPCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression of PI3K, Akt, HIF-1α, MMP-9, TGF-β1, TIMP1, and ERK1/2 in lung tissue, and Western blotting was performed to detect the protein expression of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, HIF-1α, MMP-9, TGF-β1, TIMP1, and p-ERK1/2 in lung tissue. In addition, in vitro cellular assays were performed for validation. RESULTS The results showed that BFNSP effectively improved the functional status of pulmonary ventilation, attenuated pathological damage in lung tissue, inhibited the release of inflammatory factors, reduced extracellular matrix deposition, and inhibited the activation of the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1 signaling pathway in lung tissue in COPD rats (P<0.05) and may alleviate COPD progression by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION BFNSP inhibits the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1 signaling pathway to regulate extracellular matrix deposition and improve COPD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xinchong
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhang Changxi
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Zhang Anni
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yan Wenrui
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Li Jingyun
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Sun Xue
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Yinchuan 750021, China
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3
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Biji CA, Balde A, Nazeer RA. Anti-inflammatory peptide therapeutics and the role of sulphur containing amino acids (cysteine and methionine) in inflammation suppression: A review. Inflamm Res 2024:10.1007/s00011-024-01893-6. [PMID: 38769154 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01893-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation serves as our body's immune response to combat infections, pathogens, viruses, and external stimuli. Inflammation can be classified into two types: acute inflammation and chronic inflammation. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) are used to treat both acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. However, these treatments have various side effects such as reduced healing efficiency, peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal toxicities, etc. METHOD: This review assesses the potential of anti-inflammatory peptides (AIPs) derived from various natural sources, such as algae, fungi, plants, animals, and marine organisms. Focusing on peptides rich in cysteines and methionine, sulphur-containing amino acids known for their role in suppression of inflammation. RESULT Due to their varied biological activity, ability to penetrate cells, and low cytotoxicity, bioactive peptides have garnered interest as possible therapeutic agents. The utilisation of AIPs has shown great potential in the treatment of disorders associated with inflammation. AIPs can be obtained from diverse natural sources such as algae, fungi, plants, and animals. Cysteine and methionine are sulphur-containing amino acids that aid in the elimination of free radicals, hence assisting in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. CONCLUSION This review specifically examines several sources of AIPs including peptides that contain numerous cysteines and methionine. In addition, the biological characteristics of these amino acids and advancements in peptide delivery are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherin Ann Biji
- Biopharmaceuticals Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Akshad Balde
- Biopharmaceuticals Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rasool Abdul Nazeer
- Biopharmaceuticals Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, Tamilnadu, India.
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Varricchi G, Poto R. Towards precision medicine in COPD: Targeting type 2 cytokines and alarmins. Eur J Intern Med 2024:S0953-6205(24)00215-2. [PMID: 38762432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a main global epidemic increasing as population age and affecting approximately 10% of subjects over 45 years. COPD is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease with several endo-phenotypes and clinical presentations. Although neutrophilic inflammation is canonically considered a hallmark of COPD, eosinophilic inflammation can also be present in a subgroup of patients. Several other immune cells and cytokines play a key role in orchestrating and perpetuating the inflammatory pathways in COPD, making them attractive targets for treating this disorder. Recent studies have started to evaluate the possible role of type 2 (T2) inflammation and epithelial-derived alarmins (TSLP and IL-33) in COPD. Two phase III randomized clinical trials (RCTs) showed a modest reduction in exacerbations in COPD patients with eosinophilic phenotype treated with mepolizumab (anti-IL-5) or benralizumab (anti-IL-5Rα). A phase III RCT showed a 30% reduction in exacerbations in COPD patients with ≥ 300 eosinophils/μL treated with dupilumab (anti-IL-4Rα). These results suggest that blocking a single cytokine (e.g., IL-5) or its main target (i.e., IL-5Rα) is less promising than blocking a wider spectrum of cytokines (i.e., IL-4 and IL-13) in COPD. TSLP and IL-33 are upstream regulators of T2-high and T2-low immune responses in airway inflammation. Several ongoing RCTs are evaluating the efficacy and safety of anti-TSLP (tezepelumab), anti-IL-33 (itepekimab, tozorakimab), and anti-ST2 (astegolimab) in patients with COPD, who experience exacerbations. In conclusion, targeting T2 inflammation or epithelial-derived alarmins might represent a step forward in precision medicine for the treatment of a subset of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.
| | - Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
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5
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Roth-Walter F, Adcock IM, Benito-Villalvilla C, Bianchini R, Bjermer L, Caramori G, Cari L, Chung KF, Diamant Z, Eguiluz-Gracia I, Knol EF, Jesenak M, Levi-Schaffer F, Nocentini G, O'Mahony L, Palomares O, Redegeld F, Sokolowska M, Van Esch BCAM, Stellato C. Metabolic pathways in immune senescence and inflammaging: Novel therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory lung diseases. An EAACI position paper from the Task Force for Immunopharmacology. Allergy 2024; 79:1089-1122. [PMID: 38108546 DOI: 10.1111/all.15977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells drives inflammaging and increases morbidity of chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Immune responses are built upon dynamic changes in cell metabolism that supply energy and substrates for cell proliferation, differentiation, and activation. Metabolic changes imposed by environmental stress and inflammation on immune cells and tissue microenvironment are thus chiefly involved in the pathophysiology of allergic and other immune-driven diseases. Altered cell metabolism is also a hallmark of cell senescence, a condition characterized by loss of proliferative activity in cells that remain metabolically active. Accelerated senescence can be triggered by acute or chronic stress and inflammatory responses. In contrast, replicative senescence occurs as part of the physiological aging process and has protective roles in cancer surveillance and wound healing. Importantly, cell senescence can also change or hamper response to diverse therapeutic treatments. Understanding the metabolic pathways of senescence in immune and structural cells is therefore critical to detect, prevent, or revert detrimental aspects of senescence-related immunopathology, by developing specific diagnostics and targeted therapies. In this paper, we review the main changes and metabolic alterations occurring in senescent immune cells (macrophages, B cells, T cells). Subsequently, we present the metabolic footprints described in translational studies in patients with chronic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and review the ongoing preclinical studies and clinical trials of therapeutic approaches aiming at targeting metabolic pathways to antagonize pathological senescence. Because this is a recently emerging field in allergy and clinical immunology, a better understanding of the metabolic profile of the complex landscape of cell senescence is needed. The progress achieved so far is already providing opportunities for new therapies, as well as for strategies aimed at disease prevention and supporting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - I M Adcock
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Benito-Villalvilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Bianchini
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Bjermer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lung and Allergy research, Allergy, Asthma and COPD Competence Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - G Caramori
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Pneumologia, Italy
| | - L Cari
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - K F Chung
- Experimental Studies Medicine at National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London & Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospital, London, UK
| | - Z Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen and QPS-NL, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I Eguiluz-Gracia
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-ARADyAL, Málaga, Spain
| | - E F Knol
- Departments of Center of Translational Immunology and Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Jesenak
- Department of Paediatrics, Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, University Teaching Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - F Levi-Schaffer
- Institute for Drug Research, Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - G Nocentini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - L O'Mahony
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - O Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - B C A M Van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Canè L, Poto R, Palestra F, Iacobucci I, Pirozzi M, Parashuraman S, Ferrara AL, Illiano A, La Rocca A, Mercadante E, Pucci P, Marone G, Spadaro G, Loffredo S, Monti M, Varricchi G. Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) Is Cleaved by Human Mast Cell Tryptase and Chymase. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4049. [PMID: 38612858 PMCID: PMC11012384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), mainly expressed by epithelial cells, plays a central role in asthma. In humans, TSLP exists in two variants: the long form TSLP (lfTSLP) and a shorter TSLP isoform (sfTSLP). Macrophages (HLMs) and mast cells (HLMCs) are in close proximity in the human lung and play key roles in asthma. We evaluated the early proteolytic effects of tryptase and chymase released by HLMCs on TSLP by mass spectrometry. We also investigated whether TSLP and its fragments generated by these enzymes induce angiogenic factor release from HLMs. Mass spectrometry (MS) allowed the identification of TSLP cleavage sites caused by tryptase and chymase. Recombinant human TSLP treated with recombinant tryptase showed the production of 1-97 and 98-132 fragments. Recombinant chymase treatment of TSLP generated two peptides, 1-36 and 37-132. lfTSLP induced the release of VEGF-A, the most potent angiogenic factor, from HLMs. By contrast, the four TSLP fragments generated by tryptase and chymase failed to activate HLMs. Long-term TSLP incubation with furin generated two peptides devoid of activating property on HLMs. These results unveil an intricate interplay between mast cell-derived proteases and TSLP. These findings have potential relevance in understanding novel aspects of asthma pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Canè
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (F.P.); (A.L.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (S.L.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies F. Salvatore, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (P.P.)
| | - Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (F.P.); (A.L.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (S.L.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Palestra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (F.P.); (A.L.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (S.L.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies F. Salvatore, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (P.P.)
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marinella Pirozzi
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Seetharaman Parashuraman
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Anne Lise Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (F.P.); (A.L.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (S.L.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Amalia Illiano
- Thoracic Surgery Unit—Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.I.); (A.L.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Antonello La Rocca
- Thoracic Surgery Unit—Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.I.); (A.L.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Edoardo Mercadante
- Thoracic Surgery Unit—Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.I.); (A.L.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Piero Pucci
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies F. Salvatore, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (P.P.)
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (F.P.); (A.L.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (S.L.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (F.P.); (A.L.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (S.L.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (F.P.); (A.L.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (S.L.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies F. Salvatore, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (P.P.)
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (F.P.); (A.L.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (S.L.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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7
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Maenetje P, Baik Y, Schramm DB, Vangu MDTW, Wallis RS, Mlotshwa M, Tiemessen CT, Li Y, Kornfeld H, Churchyard G, Auld SC, Bisson GP. Circulating Biomarkers, Fraction of Exhaled Nitric Oxide, and Lung Function in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:824-832. [PMID: 37386883 PMCID: PMC10938205 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of proinflammatory factors responding to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is important to reduce long-term sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). METHODS We examined the association between plasma biomarkers, the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and lung function among a prospective cohort of 105 adults newly diagnosed with TB/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in South Africa. Participants were followed for 48 weeks from antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation with serial assessments of plasma biomarkers, FeNO, lung function, and respiratory symptoms. Linear regression and generalized estimating equations were used to examine the associations at baseline and over the course of TB treatment, respectively. RESULTS At baseline, higher FeNO levels were associated with preserved lung function, whereas greater respiratory symptoms and higher interleukin (IL)-6 plasma levels were associated with worse lung function. After ART and TB treatment initiation, improvements in lung function were associated with increases in FeNO (rate ratio [RR] = 86 mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 34-139) and decreases in IL-6 (RR = -118 mL, 95% CI = -193 to -43) and vascular endothelial growth factor ([VEGF] RR = -178 mL, 95% CI = -314 to -43). CONCLUSIONS Circulating IL-6, VEGF, and FeNO are associated with lung function in adults being treated for TB/HIV. These biomarkers may help identify individuals at higher risk for post-TB lung disease and elucidate targetable pathways to modify the risk of chronic lung impairment among TB survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pholo Maenetje
- The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yeonsoo Baik
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diana B Schramm
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mboyo Di-Tamba Willy Vangu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - Caroline T Tiemessen
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hardy Kornfeld
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | - Gavin Churchyard
- The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sara C Auld
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Emory University School of Medicine and Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gregory P Bisson
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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8
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Maksimova AA, Shevela EY, Tikhonova MA, Tyrinova TV, Bogachev SS, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER. Angiogenin as a Possible Mediator of Macrophage-Mediated Regulation of Fibroblast Functions. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 175:658-661. [PMID: 37861896 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
We studied angiogenin production by human macrophages and evaluated the role of this factor in the macrophage-mediated regulation of fibroblasts. All macrophage subtypes, and especially the efferocytosis-polarized macrophages, M2(LS), actively produced angiogenin. Exogenous recombinant angiogenin dose-dependently enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of dermal fibroblasts. The addition of the angiogenin inhibitor to fibroblasts cultures suppressed the stimulating effect of exogenous angiogenin or M2(LS) conditioned media. These findings indicate the involvement of angiogenin in the macrophage-mediated paracrine regulation of skin fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Maksimova
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - E Ya Shevela
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M A Tikhonova
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - T V Tyrinova
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S S Bogachev
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Ostanin
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E R Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
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9
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Poto R, Loffredo S, Marone G, Di Salvatore A, de Paulis A, Schroeder JT, Varricchi G. Basophils beyond allergic and parasitic diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190034. [PMID: 37205111 PMCID: PMC10185837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Basophils bind IgE via FcεRI-αβγ2, which they uniquely share only with mast cells. In doing so, they can rapidly release mediators that are hallmark of allergic disease. This fundamental similarity, along with some morphological features shared by the two cell types, has long brought into question the biological significance that basophils mediate beyond that of mast cells. Unlike mast cells, which mature and reside in tissues, basophils are released into circulation from the bone marrow (constituting 1% of leukocytes), only to infiltrate tissues under specific inflammatory conditions. Evidence is emerging that basophils mediate non-redundant roles in allergic disease and, unsuspectingly, are implicated in a variety of other pathologies [e.g., myocardial infarction, autoimmunity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, fibrosis, cancer, etc.]. Recent findings strengthen the notion that these cells mediate protection from parasitic infections, whereas related studies implicate basophils promoting wound healing. Central to these functions is the substantial evidence that human and mouse basophils are increasingly implicated as important sources of IL-4 and IL-13. Nonetheless, much remains unclear regarding the role of basophils in pathology vs. homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the dichotomous (protective and/or harmful) roles of basophils in a wide spectrum of non-allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Salvatore
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - John T. Schroeder
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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10
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Wang R, Wang H, Mu J, Yuan H, Pang Y, Wang Y, Du Y, Han F. Molecular events in the jaw vascular unit: A traditional review of the mechanisms involved in inflammatory jaw bone diseases. J Biomed Res 2023; 37:313-325. [PMID: 37226540 PMCID: PMC10541772 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.36.20220266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory jaw bone diseases are common in stomatology, including periodontitis, peri-implantitis, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, radiation osteomyelitis of the jaw, age-related osteoporosis, and other specific infections. These diseases may lead to tooth loss and maxillofacial deformities, severely affecting patients' quality of life. Over the years, the reconstruction of jaw bone deficiency caused by inflammatory diseases has emerged as a medical and socioeconomic challenge. Therefore, exploring the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases associated with jaw bones is crucial for improving prognosis and developing new targeted therapies. Accumulating evidence indicates that the integrated bone formation and dysfunction arise from complex interactions among a network of multiple cell types, including osteoblast-associated cells, immune cells, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels. However, the role of these different cells in the inflammatory process and the 'rules' with which they interact are still not fully understood. Although many investigations have focused on specific pathological processes and molecular events in inflammatory jaw diseases, few articles offer a perspective of integration. Here, we review the changes and mechanisms of various cell types in inflammatory jaw diseases, with the hope of providing insights to drive future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Junyu Mu
- International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yongchu Pang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yifei Du
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Feng Han
- International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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11
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Jiang J, Cong X, Alageel S, Dornseifer U, Schilling AF, Hadjipanayi E, Machens HG, Moog P. In Vitro Comparison of Lymphangiogenic Potential of Hypoxia Preconditioned Serum (HPS) and Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031961. [PMID: 36768283 PMCID: PMC9916704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Strategies for therapeutic lymphangiogenesis are gradually directed toward the use of growth factor preparations. In particular, blood-derived growth factor products, including Hypoxia Preconditioned Serum (HPS) and Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP), are both clinically employed for accelerating tissue repair and have received considerable attention in the field of regenerative medicine research. In this study, a comparative analysis of HPS and PRP was conducted to explore their lymphangiogenic potential. We found higher pro-lymphangiogenic growth factor concentrations of VEGF-C, PDGF-BB, and bFGF in HPS in comparison to normal serum (NS) and PRP. The proliferation and migration of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) were promoted considerably with both HPS and PRP, but the strongest effect was achieved with HPS-40% dilution. Tube formation of LECs showed the highest number of tubes, branching points, greater tube length, and cell-covered area with HPS-10%. Finally, the effects were double-validated using an ex vivo lymphatic ring assay, in which the highest number of sprouts and the greatest sprout length were achieved with HPS-10%. Our findings demonstrate the superior lymphangiogenic potential of a new generation blood-derived secretome obtained by hypoxic preconditioning of peripheral blood cells-a method that offers a novel alternative to PRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- Experimental Plastic Surgery, Clinic for Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Xiaobin Cong
- Experimental Plastic Surgery, Clinic for Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Alageel
- Experimental Plastic Surgery, Clinic for Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ulf Dornseifer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Isar Klinikum, D-80331 Munich, Germany
| | - Arndt F. Schilling
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedics and Plastic Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ektoras Hadjipanayi
- Experimental Plastic Surgery, Clinic for Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Machens
- Experimental Plastic Surgery, Clinic for Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.-G.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Philipp Moog
- Experimental Plastic Surgery, Clinic for Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.-G.M.); (P.M.)
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12
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Protective Effects of Herba Houttuyniae Aqueous Extract against OVA-Induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation in Asthmatic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7609785. [PMID: 36408342 PMCID: PMC9674414 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7609785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Herba Houttuyniae is the well-knownfood-medicine herb with the special taste and smell. It is also widely used in south China for prevention of various chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases including asthma. However, the active ingredients and therapeutic mechanism of this herb remain obscure. In this study, network pharmacology technology was employed to investigate the effects of Herba Houttuyniae aqueous extract (HHAE) on OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. The results showed that six compounds (isoramanone, kaempferol, 1-methyl-2-nonacosyl-4-quinolone, C09747, spinasterol, and quercetin) were found to be mainly responsible for the therapeutic effects of the herb, which totally regulated the expressions of 168 asthma-related proteins. All those targets involved in the signal transduction of the prolactin signaling pathway, central carbon metabolism in cancer, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, endocrine resistance, and VEGF signaling pathway. The in vivo experiment also revealed that orally administrated with HHAE alleviated airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. It significantly decreased the counts of neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes as well as the levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-13 in BALF of asthmatic mice. Mechanically, HHAE downregulated both the mRNA and protein expressions of p38 MAPK, PI3K, AKT, and VEGF in the lung tissues of asthmatic mice. Therefore, HHAE improved OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in mice and could be a potential supplement for asthma treatment.
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13
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Asthma: Friends or Foes? Cells 2022; 11:cells11213521. [PMID: 36359917 PMCID: PMC9654069 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by variable airflow limitation and airway hyperresponsiveness. A plethora of immune and structural cells are involved in asthma pathogenesis. The roles of neutrophils and their mediators in different asthma phenotypes are largely unknown. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are net-like structures composed of DNA scaffolds, histones and granular proteins released by activated neutrophils. NETs were originally described as a process to entrap and kill a variety of microorganisms. NET formation can be achieved through a cell-death process, termed NETosis, or in association with the release of DNA from viable neutrophils. NETs can also promote the resolution of inflammation by degrading cytokines and chemokines. NETs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various non-infectious conditions, including autoimmunity, cancer and even allergic disorders. Putative surrogate NET biomarkers (e.g., double-strand DNA (dsDNA), myeloperoxidase-DNA (MPO-DNA), and citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3)) have been found in different sites/fluids of patients with asthma. Targeting NETs has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in several diseases. However, different NETs and NET components may have alternate, even opposite, consequences on inflammation. Here we review recent findings emphasizing the pathogenic and therapeutic potential of NETs in asthma.
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