1
|
Huang Y, Xu R, Liu Q, Zhang X, Mao Y, Yang Y, Gu X, Liu Y, Ma Z. Glucose competition between endothelial cells in the blood-spinal cord barrier and infiltrating regulatory T cells is linked to sleep restriction-induced hyperalgesia. BMC Med 2024; 22:189. [PMID: 38715017 PMCID: PMC11077863 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep loss is a common public health problem that causes hyperalgesia, especially that after surgery, which reduces the quality of life seriously. METHODS The 48-h sleep restriction (SR) mouse model was created using restriction chambers. In vivo imaging, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were performed to detect the status of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB). Paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) was measured to track mouse pain behavior. The role of infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs) and endothelial cells (ECs) in mouse glycolysis and BSCB damage were analyzed using flow cytometry, Western blot, CCK-8 assay, colorimetric method and lactate administration. RESULTS The 48-h SR made mice in sleep disruption status and caused an acute damage to the BSCB, resulting in hyperalgesia and neuroinflammation in the spinal cord. In SR mice, the levels of glycolysis and glycolysis enzymes of ECs in the BSCB were found significantly decreased [CON group vs. SR group: CD31+Glut1+ cells: p < 0.001], which could cause dysfunction of ECs and this was confirmed in vitro. Increased numbers of infiltrating T cells [p < 0.0001] and Treg population [p < 0.05] were detected in the mouse spinal cord after 48-h SR. In the co-cultured system of ECs and Tregs in vitro, the competition of Tregs for glucose resulted in the glycolysis disorder of ECs [Glut1: p < 0.01, ENO1: p < 0.05, LDHα: p < 0.05; complete tubular structures formed: p < 0.0001; CCK8 assay: p < 0.001 on 24h, p < 0.0001 on 48h; glycolysis level: p < 0.0001]. An administration of sodium lactate partially rescued the function of ECs and relieved SR-induced hyperalgesia. Furthermore, the mTOR signaling pathway was excessively activated in ECs after SR in vivo and those under the inhibition of glycolysis or co-cultured with Tregs in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Affected by glycolysis disorders of ECs due to glucose competition with infiltrating Tregs through regulating the mTOR signaling pathway, hyperalgesia induced by 48-h SR is attributed to neuroinflammation and damages to the barriers, which can be relieved by lactate supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 of Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 of Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 of Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 of Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yanting Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 of Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 of Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 of Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 of Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Zhengliang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 of Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song Y, Xue T, Guo S, Yu Z, Yun C, Zhao J, Song Z, Liu Z. Inhibition of aquaporin-4 and its subcellular localization attenuates below-level central neuropathic pain by regulating astrocyte activation in a rat spinal cord injury model. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00306. [PMID: 38237380 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2023.e00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of central neuropathic pain (CNP) caused by spinal cord injury have not been sufficiently studied. We have found that the upregulation of astrocytic aquaporin-4 (AQP4) aggravated peripheral neuropathic pain after spinal nerve ligation in rats. Using a T13 spinal cord hemisection model, we showed that spinal AQP4 was markedly upregulated after SCI and mainly expressed in astrocytes in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH). Inhibition of AQP4 with TGN020 suppressed astrocyte activation, attenuated the development and maintenance of below-level CNP and promoted motor function recovery in vivo. In primary astrocyte cultures, TGN020 also changed cell morphology, diminished cell proliferation and suppressed astrocyte activation. Moreover, T13 spinal cord hemisection induced cell-surface abundance of the AQP4 channel and perivascular localization in the SDH. Targeted inhibition of AQP4 subcellular localization with trifluoperazine effectively diminished astrocyte activation in vitro and further ablated astrocyte activation, attenuated the development and maintenance of below-level CNP, and accelerated functional recovery in vivo. Together, these results provide mechanistic insights into the roles of AQP4 in the development and maintenance of below-level CNP. Intervening with AQP4, including targeting AQP4 subcellular localization, might emerge as a promising agent to prevent chronic CNP after SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Tao Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Shiwu Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, 215028, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Chengming Yun
- Department of Orthopedics, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Zhiwen Song
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213003, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang C, Li Y, Yu Y, Li Z, Xu X, Talifu Z, Liu W, Yang D, Gao F, Wei S, Zhang L, Gong H, Peng R, Du L, Li J. Impact of inflammation and Treg cell regulation on neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1334828. [PMID: 38348031 PMCID: PMC10859493 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a severe neurological trauma that can frequently lead to neuropathic pain. During the initial stages following spinal cord injury, inflammation plays a critical role; however, excessive inflammation can exacerbate pain. Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) have a crucial function in regulating inflammation and alleviating neuropathic pain. Treg cells release suppressor cytokines and modulate the function of other immune cells to suppress the inflammatory response. Simultaneously, inflammation impedes Treg cell activity, further intensifying neuropathic pain. Therefore, suppressing the inflammatory response while enhancing Treg cell regulatory function may provide novel therapeutic avenues for treating neuropathic pain resulting from spinal cord injury. This review comprehensively describes the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response and Treg cell regulation subsequent to spinal cord injury, with a specific focus on exploring the potential mechanisms through which Treg cells regulate neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury. The insights gained from this review aim to provide new concepts and a rationale for the therapeutic prospects and direction of cell therapy in spinal cord injury-related conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunjia Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Rehabilitation medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Institute of Rehabilitation medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zehui Li
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zuliyaer Talifu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wubo Liu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Degang Yang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Song Wei
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Han Gong
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Run Peng
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liangjie Du
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Institute of Rehabilitation medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Asano S, Okada-Ogawa A, Kobayashi M, Yonemoto M, Hojo Y, Shibuta I, Noma N, Iwata K, Hitomi S, Shinoda M. Involvement of interferon gamma signaling in spinal trigeminal caudal subnucleus astrocyte in orofacial neuropathic pain in rats with infraorbital nerve injury. Mol Pain 2023; 19:17448069231222403. [PMID: 38073236 DOI: 10.1177/17448069231222403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Trigeminal nerve injury causes orofacial pain that can interfere with activities of daily life. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown, and the appropriate treatment has not been established yet. This study aimed to examine the involvement of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) signaling in the spinal trigeminal caudal subnucleus (Vc) in orofacial neuropathic pain. Methods: Infraorbital nerve (ION) injury (IONI) was performed in rats by partial ION ligation. The head-withdrawal reflex threshold (HWT) to mechanical stimulation of the whisker pad skin was measured in IONI or sham rats, as well as following a continuous intracisterna magna administration of IFN-γ and a mixture of IFN-γ and fluorocitrate (inhibitor of astrocytes activation) in naïve rats, or an IFN-γ antagonist in IONI rats. The IFN-γ receptor immunohistochemistry and IFN-γ Western blotting were analyzed in the Vc after IONI or sham treatment. The glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were also analyzed after administration of IFN-γ and the mixture of IFN-γ and fluorocitrate. Moreover, the change in single neuronal activity in the Vc was examined in the IONI, sham, and IONI group administered IFN-γ antagonist. Results: The HWT decreased after IONI. The IFN-γ and IFN-γ receptor were upregulated after IONI, and the IFN-γ receptor was expressed in Vc astrocytes. IFN-γ administration decreased the HWT, whereas the mixture of IFN-γ and fluorocitrate recovered the decrement of HWT. IFN-γ administration upregulated GFAP expression, while the mixture of IFN-γ and fluorocitrate recovered the upregulation of GFAP expression. IONI significantly enhanced the neuronal activity of the mechanical-evoked responses, and administration of an IFN-γ antagonist significantly inhibited these enhancements. Conclusions: IFN-γ signaling through the receptor in astrocytes is a key mechanism underlying orofacial neuropathic pain associated with trigeminal nerve injury. These findings will aid in the development of therapeutics for orofacial neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Asano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Okada-Ogawa
- Department of Oral Medicine, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Orofacial Pain Clinic, Nihon University Dental Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Momoyo Kobayashi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamiko Yonemoto
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Shibuta
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Noma
- Department of Oral Medicine, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Orofacial Pain Clinic, Nihon University Dental Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suzuro Hitomi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Shinoda
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|