1
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Turnham DJ, Mullen MS, Bullock NP, Gilroy KL, Richards AE, Patel R, Quintela M, Meniel VS, Seaton G, Kynaston H, Clarkson RWE, Phesse TJ, Nelson PS, Haffner MC, Staffurth JN, Pearson HB. Development and Characterisation of a New Patient-Derived Xenograft Model of AR-Negative Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:673. [PMID: 38667288 PMCID: PMC11049137 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As the treatment landscape for prostate cancer gradually evolves, the frequency of treatment-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) and double-negative prostate cancer (DNPC) that is deficient for androgen receptor (AR) and neuroendocrine (NE) markers has increased. These prostate cancer subtypes are typically refractory to AR-directed therapies and exhibit poor clinical outcomes. Only a small range of NEPC/DNPC models exist, limiting our molecular understanding of this disease and hindering our ability to perform preclinical trials exploring novel therapies to treat NEPC/DNPC that are urgently needed in the clinic. Here, we report the development of the CU-PC01 PDX model that represents AR-negative mCRPC with PTEN/RB/PSMA loss and CTNN1B/TP53/BRCA2 genetic variants. The CU-PC01 model lacks classic NE markers, with only focal and/or weak expression of chromogranin A, INSM1 and CD56. Collectively, these findings are most consistent with a DNPC phenotype. Ex vivo and in vivo preclinical studies revealed that CU-PC01 PDX tumours are resistant to mCRPC standard-of-care treatments enzalutamide and docetaxel, mirroring the donor patient's treatment response. Furthermore, short-term CU-PC01 tumour explant cultures indicate this model is initially sensitive to PARP inhibition with olaparib. Thus, the CU-PC01 PDX model provides a valuable opportunity to study AR-negative mCRPC biology and to discover new treatment avenues for this hard-to-treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Turnham
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Manisha S. Mullen
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Nicholas P. Bullock
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | | | - Anna E. Richards
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Radhika Patel
- Division of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Marcos Quintela
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Valerie S. Meniel
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Gillian Seaton
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Howard Kynaston
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Richard W. E. Clarkson
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Toby J. Phesse
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Division of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael C. Haffner
- Division of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John N. Staffurth
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Helen B. Pearson
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
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Chen Z, Wang M, Wu D, Bai L, Xu T, Metwally H, Wang Y, McEachern D, Zhao L, Li R, Takyi-Williams J, Wang M, Wang L, Li Q, Wen B, Sun D, Wang S. Discovery of CBPD-268 as an Exceptionally Potent and Orally Efficacious CBP/p300 PROTAC Degrader Capable of Achieving Tumor Regression. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5275-5304. [PMID: 38477974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
CBP/p300 proteins are key epigenetic regulators and promising targets for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer and other types of human cancers. Herein, we report the discovery and characterization of CBPD-268 as an exceptionally potent, effective, and orally efficacious PROTAC degrader of CBP/p300 proteins. CBPD-268 induces CBP/p300 degradation in three androgen receptor-positive prostate cancer cell lines, with DC50 ≤ 0.03 nM and Dmax > 95%, leading to potent cell growth inhibition. It has an excellent oral bioavailability in mice and rats. Oral administration of CBPD-268 at 0.3-3 mg/kg resulted in profound and persistent CBP/p300 depletion in tumor tissues and achieved strong antitumor activity in the VCaP and 22Rv1 xenograft tumor models in mice, including tumor regression in the VCaP tumor model. CBPD-268 was well tolerated in mice and rats and displayed a therapeutic index of >10. Taking these results together, CBPD-268 is a highly promising CBP/p300 degrader as a potential new cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Chen
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mi Wang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Dimin Wu
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Longchuan Bai
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Tianfeng Xu
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hoda Metwally
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Donna McEachern
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lijie Zhao
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ruiting Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - John Takyi-Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Qiuxia Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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3
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Chen Z, Wang M, Wu D, Zhao L, Metwally H, Jiang W, Wang Y, Bai L, McEachern D, Luo J, Wang M, Li Q, Matvekas A, Wen B, Sun D, Chinnaiyan AM, Wang S. Discovery of CBPD-409 as a Highly Potent, Selective, and Orally Efficacious CBP/p300 PROTAC Degrader for the Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5351-5372. [PMID: 38530938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
CBP/p300 are critical transcriptional coactivators of the androgen receptor (AR) and are promising cancer therapeutic targets. Herein, we report the discovery of highly potent, selective, and orally bioavailable CBP/p300 degraders using the PROTAC technology with CBPD-409 being the most promising compound. CBPD-409 induces robust CBP/p300 degradation with DC50 0.2-0.4 nM and displays strong antiproliferative effects with IC50 1.2-2.0 nM in the VCaP, LNCaP, and 22Rv1 AR+ prostate cancer cell lines. It has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and achieves 50% of oral bioavailability in mice. A single oral administration of CBPD-409 at 1 mg/kg achieves >95% depletion of CBP/p300 proteins in the VCaP tumor tissue. CBPD-409 exhibits strong tumor growth inhibition and is much more potent and efficacious than two CBP/p300 inhibitors CCS1477 and GNE-049 and the AR antagonist Enzalutamide. CBPD-409 is a promising CBP/p300 degrader for further extensive evaluations for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer and other types of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Chen
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mi Wang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Dimin Wu
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lijie Zhao
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hoda Metwally
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Wei Jiang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Longchuan Bai
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Donna McEachern
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jie Luo
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Qiuxia Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Aleksas Matvekas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Alqualo NO, Campos-Fernandez E, Picolo BU, Ferreira EL, Henriques LM, Lorenti S, Moreira DC, Simião MPS, Oliveira LBT, Alonso-Goulart V. Molecular biomarkers in prostate cancer tumorigenesis and clinical relevance. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 194:104232. [PMID: 38101717 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent type of cancer in men and assessing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by liquid biopsy is a promising tool to help in cancer early detection, staging, risk of recurrence evaluation, treatment prediction and monitoring. Blood-based liquid biopsy approaches enable the enrichment, detection and characterization of CTCs by biomarker analysis. Hence, comprehending the molecular markers, their role on each stage of cancer development and progression is essential to provide information that can help in future implementation of these biomarkers in clinical assistance. In this review, we studied the molecular markers most associated with PCa CTCs to better understand their function on tumorigenesis and metastatic cascade, the methodologies utilized to analyze these biomarkers and their clinical significance, in order to summarize the available information to guide researchers in their investigations, new hypothesis formulation and target choice for the development of new diagnostic and treatment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Oliveira Alqualo
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Esther Campos-Fernandez
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Bianca Uliana Picolo
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle Lorrayne Ferreira
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Laila Machado Henriques
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Lorenti
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Danilo Caixeta Moreira
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Silva Simião
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Luciana Beatriz Tiago Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Vivian Alonso-Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT The advent of high-throughput technologies has enabled the analysis of minute amounts of tumor-derived material purified from body fluids, termed "liquid biopsies." Prostate cancer (PCa) management, like in many other cancer types, has benefited from liquid biopsies at several stages of the disease. Although initially describing circulating tumor cells in blood, the term "liquid biopsy" has come to more prominently include cell-free, circulating tumor DNA, as well as RNA, proteins, and other molecules. They provide tumor molecular information representing the entire, often-heterogeneous disease, relatively noninvasively and longitudinally. Blood has been the main liquid biopsy specimen in PCa, and urine has also proven beneficial. Technological advances have allowed clinical implementation of some liquid biopsies in PCa, in disease monitoring and precision oncology. This narrative review introduces the main types of blood-based PCa liquid biopsies focusing on advances in the past 5 years. Clinical adoption of liquid biopsies to detect and monitor the evolving PCa tumor biology promises to deepen our understanding of the disease and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi K. Cani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Simpa S. Salami
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Derlin T, Riethdorf S, Schumacher U, Lafos M, Peine S, Coith C, Ross TL, Pantel K, Bengel FM. PSMA-heterogeneity in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Circulating tumor cells, metastatic tumor burden, and response to targeted radioligand therapy. Prostate 2023. [PMID: 37147881 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored the interrelation between prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and that of solid metastatic lesions as determined by whole-body PSMA-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) to refine the prediction of response to subsequent PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy (RLT). METHODS A prospective study was performed in 20 patients with advanced mCRPC. Of these, 16 underwent subsequent RLT with [177 Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 at a dose of 7.4 GBq every 6-8 weeks. PSMA expression on CTCs using the CellSearch system was compared to clinical and serological results, and to marker expression in targeted imaging and available histological sections of prostatectomy specimens (19% of RLT patients). Clinical outcome was obtained after two cycles of RLT. RESULTS Marked heterogeneity of PSMA expression was observed already at first diagnosis in available histological specimens. Targeted whole-body imaging also showed heterogeneous inter- and intra-patient PSMA expression between metastases. Heterogeneity of CTC PSMA expression was partially paralleled by heterogeneity of whole-body tumor burden PSMA expression. Twenty percent of CTC samples showed no PSMA expression, despite unequivocal PSMA expression of solid metastases at PET. A high fraction of PSMA-negative CTCs emerged as the sole predictor of poor RLT response (odds ratio [OR]: 0.9379 [95% confidence interval, CI, 0.8558-0.9902]; p = 0.0160), and was prognostic for both shorter progression-free survival (OR: 1.236 [95% CI, 1.035-2.587]; p = 0.0043) and overall survival (OR: 1.056 [95% CI, 1.008-1.141]; p = 0.0182). CONCLUSION This proof-of-principle study suggests that liquid biopsy for CTC PSMA expression is complementary to PET for individual PSMA phenotyping of mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Derlin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Riethdorf
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Tumor Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Lafos
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Pathology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sven Peine
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Coith
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Tumor Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias L Ross
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Tumor Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank M Bengel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Developing New Treatment Options for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Recurrent Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081872. [PMID: 36009418 PMCID: PMC9405166 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major diagnosed cancer among men globally, and about 20% of patients develop metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) in the initial diagnosis. PCa is a typical androgen-dependent disease; thus, hormonal therapy is commonly used as a standard care for mPCa by inhibiting androgen receptor (AR) activities, or androgen metabolism. Inevitably, almost all PCa will acquire resistance and become castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) that is associated with AR gene mutations or amplification, the presence of AR variants, loss of AR expression toward neuroendocrine phenotype, or other hormonal receptors. Treating CRPC poses a great challenge to clinicians. Research efforts in the last decade have come up with several new anti-androgen agents to prolong overall survival of CRPC patients. In addition, many potential targeting agents have been at the stage of being able to translate many preclinical discoveries into clinical practices. At this juncture, it is important to highlight the emerging strategies including small-molecule inhibitors to AR variants, DNA repair enzymes, cell survival pathway, neuroendocrine differentiation pathway, radiotherapy, CRPC-specific theranostics and immune therapy that are underway or have recently been completed.
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Chelakkot C, Yang H, Shin YK. Relevance of Circulating Tumor Cells as Predictive Markers for Cancer Incidence and Relapse. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:75. [PMID: 35056131 PMCID: PMC8781286 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Shedding of cancer cells from the primary site or undetectable bone marrow region into the circulatory system, resulting in clinically overt metastasis or dissemination, is the hallmark of unfavorable invasive cancers. The shed cells remain in circulation until they extravasate to form a secondary metastatic lesion or undergo anoikis. The circulating tumor cells (CTCs) found as single cells or clusters carry a plethora of information, are acknowledged as potential biomarkers for predicting cancer prognosis and cancer progression, and are supposed to play key roles in determining tailored therapies for advanced diseases. With the advent of novel technologies that allow the precise isolation of CTCs, more and more clinical trials are focusing on the prognostic and predictive potential of CTCs. In this review, we summarize the role of CTCs as a predictive marker for cancer incidence, relapse, and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaithanya Chelakkot
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
- Genobio Corp., Seoul 08394, Korea
| | - Hobin Yang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
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9
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The Metastasis Suppressor NDRG1 Directly Regulates Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101414. [PMID: 34785213 PMCID: PMC8668986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N-myc-downregulated gene 1 (NDRG1) has potent anticancer effects and inhibits cell growth, survival, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Previous studies suggested that NDRG1 is linked to the androgen signaling network, but this mechanistic relationship is unclear. Considering the crucial role of the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer (PCa) progression, here we examined for the first time the effect of NDRG1 on AR expression, activation, and downstream signaling in LNCaP, 22Rv1, and C4-2B PCa cell types. We demonstrate that NDRG1 effectively promotes interaction of AR with the chaperone HSP90, which in turn stabilizes the AR while decreasing its androgen-mediated activation. The expression of NDRG1 suppressed: (1) AR activation, as measured by p-ARSer213 and p-ARSer81; (2) expression of a major AR transcriptional target, prostate-specific antigen (PSA); and (3) AR transcriptional activity, probably via inhibiting the c-Jun-AR interaction by reducing c-Jun phosphorylation (p-c-JunSer63). NDRG1 was also demonstrated to inhibit multiple key molecules involved in androgen-dependent and -independent signaling (namely EGFR, HER2, HER3, PI3K, STAT3, and NF-κB), which promote the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer. We also identified the cysteine-rich secretory protein/antigen 5/pathogenesis related-1 (CAP) domain of NDRG1 as vital for inhibition of AR activity. Examining NDRG1 and p-NDRG1 in PCa patient specimens revealed a significant negative correlation between NDRG1 and PSA levels in prostatectomy patients that went on to develop metastasis. These results highlight a vital role for NDRG1 in androgen signaling and its potential as a key therapeutic target and biomarker in PCa.
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10
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Hofbauer LC, Bozec A, Rauner M, Jakob F, Perner S, Pantel K. Novel approaches to target the microenvironment of bone metastasis. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:488-505. [PMID: 33875860 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00499-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastases are a frequent and severe complication of advanced-stage cancers. Breast and prostate cancers, the most common malignancies in women and men, respectively, have a particularly high propensity to metastasize to bone. Conceptually, circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in the bloodstream and disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow provide a snapshot of the dissemination and colonization process en route to clinically apparent bone metastases. Many cell types that constitute the bone microenvironment, including osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, adipocytes, endothelial cells, haematopoietic stem cells and immune cells, engage in a dialogue with tumour cells. Some of these cells modify tumour biology, while others are disrupted and out-competed by tumour cells, thus leading to distinct phases of tumour cell migration, dormancy and latency, and therapy resistance and progression to overt bone metastases. Several current bone-protective therapies act by interrupting these interactions, mainly by targeting tumour cell-osteoclast interactions. In this Review, we describe the functional roles of the bone microenvironment and its components in the initiation and propagation of skeletal metastases, outline the biology and clinical relevance of CTCs and DTCs, and discuss established and future therapeutic approaches that specifically target defined components of the bone microenvironment to prevent or treat skeletal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz C Hofbauer
- University Center for Healthy Aging, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany. .,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- University Center for Healthy Aging, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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11
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Cao H, Wang D, Gao R, Chen L, Feng Y. Down regulation of U2AF1 promotes ARV7 splicing and prostate cancer progression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 541:56-62. [PMID: 33477033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the roles of U2 Small Nuclear RNA Auxiliary Factor 1 (U2AF1) in the resistance to anti-androgen treatment in prostate cancer and its underlying mechanism. U2AF1 and androgen receptor variant 7 (ARV7) knockdown and overexpression were introduced in PC3 and DU145 cells. In addition, a bicalutamide-resistant PC3 (PC3 BR) cell line was also constructed. Cell count, MTT and soft agar colony formation assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation. qRT-PCR was applied to determine the mRNA levels of U2AF1, ARV7 and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 (MAPK1). Western blot was used to determine the MAPK1 protein expression. A negative correlation between ARV7 and U2AF1 in prostate tumor tissues was observed. U2AF1 downregulation was correlated with poor prognosis in prostate cancer patients. U2AF1 exhibited a negative correlation with ARV7 and its downregulation promoted prostate cancer cell proliferation and bicalutamide resistance. The regulatory effects of U2AF1 on ARV7 splicing were associated with MAPK1. U2AF1 affected prostate cancer proliferation and anti-androgen resistance by regulating ARV7 splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Cao
- Surgical Department I (Urology Department), Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725 Wanping Road South, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Surgical Department I (Urology Department), Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725 Wanping Road South, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Renjie Gao
- Surgical Department I (Urology Department), Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725 Wanping Road South, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Surgical Department I (Urology Department), Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725 Wanping Road South, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yigeng Feng
- Surgical Department I (Urology Department), Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725 Wanping Road South, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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12
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Dell'Olio F, Su J, Huser T, Sottile V, Cortés-Hernández LE, Alix-Panabières C. Photonic technologies for liquid biopsies: recent advances and open research challenges. LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS 2021; 15:2000255. [PMID: 35360260 PMCID: PMC8966629 DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of sophisticated techniques capable of detecting extremely low concentrations of circulating tumor biomarkers in accessible body fluids, such as blood or urine, could contribute to a paradigm shift in cancer diagnosis and treatment. By applying such techniques, clinicians can carry out liquid biopsies, providing information on tumor presence, evolution, and response to therapy. The implementation of biosensing platforms for liquid biopsies is particularly complex because this application domain demands high selectivity/specificity and challenging limit-of-detection (LoD) values. The interest in photonics as an enabling technology for liquid biopsies is growing owing to the well-known advantages of photonic biosensors over competing technologies in terms of compactness, immunity to external disturbance, and ultra-high spatial resolution. Some encouraging experimental results in the field of photonic devices and systems for liquid biopsy have already been achieved by using fluorescent labels and label-free techniques and by exploiting super-resolution microscopy, surface plasmon resonance, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and whispering gallery mode resonators. This paper critically reviews the current state-of-the-art, starting from the requirements imposed by the detection of the most common circulating biomarkers. Open research challenges are considered together with competing technologies, and the most promising paths of improvement are discussed for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Dell'Olio
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Judith Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Optical Sciences, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, 85721, USA
| | - Thomas Huser
- Biomolecular Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Germany
| | - Virginie Sottile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | | | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Center of Montpellier, 34093 CEDEX 5, France
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13
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Fundamentals of liquid biopsies in metastatic prostate cancer: from characterization to stratification. Curr Opin Oncol 2020; 32:527-534. [PMID: 32675591 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we provide an overview of the recent developments and prospects on the applications of blood-based liquid biopsies, including circulating tumor DNA and circulating tumor cells, in metastatic prostate cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Guidelines and consensus statements have been formulated to standardize preanalytical conditions that affect liquid biopsy analysis. Currently, there are four FDA approved assays for the analysis of liquid biopsies and many quantitative and qualitative assays are being developed. Comprehensive analyses of cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) demonstrate that they adequately reflect the genomic makeup of the tumor and may thus complement or even replace tumor biopsies. The assessment of genomic aberrations in ctDNA can potentially predict therapy response and detect mechanisms of resistance. CTC count is not only a strong prognosticator in metastatic prostate cancer but can also measure therapy response. SUMMARY Liquid biopsies may provide a temporal snapshot of the biologic variables that affect tumor growth and progression in metastatic prostate cancer. Liquid biopsies could inform on prognostic, predictive, and response measures. However, prospective clinical trials need to be performed to provide definitive validation of the clinical value of the most advanced assays.
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14
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Kasimir-Bauer S, Keup C, Hoffmann O, Hauch S, Kimmig R, Bittner AK. Circulating Tumor Cells Expressing the Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Indicate Worse Outcome in Primary, Non-Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1658. [PMID: 33014830 PMCID: PMC7497312 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We analyzed mRNA profiles of prostate cancer related genes in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) of primary, non-metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients (pts) before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy to elucidate the potential of prostate cancer targets in this BC subgroup. Method: Blood from 41 TNBC pts (n = 41 before / 26 after therapy) was analyzed for CTCs applying the AdnaTest EMT-2/Stem Cell Select. Multimarker RT-qPCR allowed the detection of the prostate specific antigen PSA, the prostate specific membrane antigen PSMA, full-length androgen receptor (AR-FL), and AR splice-variant seven (AR-V7). Results: Before therapy, at least one prostate cancer related gene was detected in 15/41 pts (37%). Notably, in 73% of AR-FL positive cases, AR-V7 was co-expressed. After therapy, CTCs of only one patient harbored prostate cancer related genes. AR-V7+ and PSMA+ CTCs significantly correlated with early relapse (p = 0.041; p = 0.00039) whereas PSMA+ CTCs also associated with a reduced OS (p = 0.0059). This correlation was confirmed for PSMA+ CTCs in univariate (PFS p = 0.002; OS p = 0.015), but not multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Although CTCs that expressed prostate cancer related genes were eliminated by the given therapy, PSMA+ CTCs significantly identified pts at high risk for relapse. Furthermore, AR inhibition, often discussed for this BC subgroup, might not be successful in the primary setting of the disease since we identified AR-FL+ CTCs together with AR-V7+ CTCs, associated with therapeutic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Corinna Keup
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Hoffmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Bittner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
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15
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Kafka M, Mayr F, Temml V, Möller G, Adamski J, Höfer J, Schwaiger S, Heidegger I, Matuszczak B, Schuster D, Klocker H, Bektic J, Stuppner H, Eder IE. Dual Inhibitory Action of a Novel AKR1C3 Inhibitor on Both Full-Length AR and the Variant AR-V7 in Enzalutamide Resistant Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2092. [PMID: 32731472 PMCID: PMC7465893 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The expanded use of second-generation antiandrogens revolutionized the treatment landscape of progressed prostate cancer. However, resistances to these novel drugs are already the next obstacle to be solved. Various previous studies depicted an involvement of the enzyme AKR1C3 in the process of castration resistance as well as in the resistance to 2nd generation antiandrogens like enzalutamide. In our study, we examined the potential of natural AKR1C3 inhibitors in various prostate cancer cell lines and a three-dimensional co-culture spheroid model consisting of cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) mimicking enzalutamide resistant prostate cancer. One of our compounds, named MF-15, expressed strong antineoplastic effects especially in cell culture models with significant enzalutamide resistance. Furthermore, MF-15 exhibited a strong effect on androgen receptor (AR) signaling, including significant inhibition of AR activity, downregulation of androgen-regulated genes, lower prostate specific antigen (PSA) production, and decreased AR and AKR1C3 expression, indicating a bi-functional effect. Even more important, we demonstrated a persisting inhibition of AR activity in the presence of AR-V7 and further showed that MF-15 non-competitively binds within the DNA binding domain of the AR. The data suggest MF-15 as useful drug to overcome enzalutamide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Kafka
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.K.); (J.H.); (I.H.); (H.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Fabian Mayr
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.M.); (V.T.); (S.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Veronika Temml
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.M.); (V.T.); (S.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Gabriele Möller
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (G.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (G.M.); (J.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Julia Höfer
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.K.); (J.H.); (I.H.); (H.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Stefan Schwaiger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.M.); (V.T.); (S.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Isabel Heidegger
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.K.); (J.H.); (I.H.); (H.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Barbara Matuszczak
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (B.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (B.M.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.K.); (J.H.); (I.H.); (H.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Jasmin Bektic
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.K.); (J.H.); (I.H.); (H.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.M.); (V.T.); (S.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Iris E. Eder
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.K.); (J.H.); (I.H.); (H.K.); (J.B.)
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16
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Dianat-Moghadam H, Azizi M, Eslami-S Z, Cortés-Hernández LE, Heidarifard M, Nouri M, Alix-Panabières C. The Role of Circulating Tumor Cells in the Metastatic Cascade: Biology, Technical Challenges, and Clinical Relevance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040867. [PMID: 32260071 PMCID: PMC7225923 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastases and cancer recurrence are the main causes of cancer death. Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and disseminated tumor cells are the drivers of cancer cell dissemination. The assessment of CTCs’ clinical role in early metastasis prediction, diagnosis, and treatment requires more information about their biology, their roles in cancer dormancy, and immune evasion as well as in therapy resistance. Indeed, CTC functional and biochemical phenotypes have been only partially characterized using murine metastasis models and liquid biopsy in human patients. CTC detection, characterization, and enumeration represent a promising tool for tailoring the management of each patient with cancer. The comprehensive understanding of CTCs will provide more opportunities to determine their clinical utility. This review provides much-needed insights into this dynamic field of translational cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Dianat-Moghadam
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran; (H.D.-M.); (M.N.)
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
| | - Mehdi Azizi
- Proteomics Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran;
| | - Zahra Eslami-S
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, UPRES, EA2415, 34093 Montpellier, France (L.E.C.-H.)
| | - Luis Enrique Cortés-Hernández
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, UPRES, EA2415, 34093 Montpellier, France (L.E.C.-H.)
| | - Maryam Heidarifard
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 51368 Tabriz, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran; (H.D.-M.); (M.N.)
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, UPRES, EA2415, 34093 Montpellier, France (L.E.C.-H.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Alix-Panabières C. "Circulating Tumor Cells: Finding Rare Events for a Huge Knowledge of Cancer Dissemination". Cells 2020; 9:cells9030661. [PMID: 32182830 PMCID: PMC7140633 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, 641 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34093 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
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18
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Erb HHH, Sparwasser P, Diehl T, Hemmerlein-Thomas M, Tsaur I, Jüngel E, Sommer U, Baretton GB, Haferkamp A, Neisius A, Thomas C. AR-V7 Protein Expression in Circulating Tumour Cells Is Not Predictive of Treatment Response in mCRPC. Urol Int 2020; 104:253-262. [PMID: 31955172 DOI: 10.1159/000504416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Androgen receptor variant 7 (AR-V7) plays an important role in the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and has shown potential as a predictive biomarker in circulating tumour cells (CTCs) isolated from the bloodstream in terms of a liquid biopsy. Studies have shown that AR-V7 is a potential surrogate for selecting drug classes for systemic treatment by detecting nuclear AR-V7 by immunofluorescence or measuring AR-V7 messenger RNA by quantitative PCR. Here, we assessed the predictive value of AR-V7 detected by classical immunohistochemistry (IHC) for treatment response. METHODS CTCs were isolated by cell separation by density gradient centrifugation from patients with metastatic CRPC (n = 26) before, while, and after undergoing a new therapy with chemotherapy (cabazitaxel or docetaxel) or antiandrogen (enzalutamide or abiraterone). CTCs were sequentially cytospun on object slides, and AR-V7 status was then detected by IHC based on a staining regime established on a 22Rv1 cell line with antibodies against CK8/18 und AR-V7. RESULTS AR-V7 status detected by IHC showed no predictive value for progression-free survival (PFS). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that there was no difference in PFS between patients found positive or negative for AR-V7. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION AR-V7 detected by classical IHC has no predictive value for treatment response in the described setting. The future role of AR-V7 in CTCs as a biomarker in clinical routine remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Sparwasser
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tamara Diehl
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Jüngel
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sommer
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gustavo B Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Neisius
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Thomas
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, .,Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany,
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