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Chen K, Chen J, Pi X, Huang LJ, Li N. Isolation, Purification, and Application of Protoplasts and Transient Expression Systems in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16892. [PMID: 38069215 PMCID: PMC10706244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Protoplasts, derived from plant cells, exhibit remarkable totipotency and hold significant value across a wide spectrum of biological and biotechnological applications. These versatile applications encompass protein subcellular localization and interaction analysis, gene expression regulation, functional characterization, gene editing techniques, and single-cell sequencing. Protoplasts' usability stems from their inherent accessibility and their ability to efficiently incorporate exogenous genes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview, including details on isolation procedures and influencing factors, purification and viability assessment methodologies, and the utilization of the protoplast transient expression system. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of current applications and offer valuable insights into protoplast isolation and the establishment of transient expression systems in a diverse range of plant species, thereby serving as a valuable resource for the plant science community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-Resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-Resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xin Pi
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Li-Jun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-Resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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Li H, Zhou Y, Qin X, Peng J, Han R, Lv Y, Li C, Qi L, Qu GP, Yang L, Li Y, Terzaghi W, Li Z, Qin F, Gong Z, Deng XW, Li J. Reconstitution of phytochrome A-mediated light modulation of the ABA signaling pathways in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302901120. [PMID: 37590408 PMCID: PMC10450666 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302901120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA), a classical plant hormone, plays an essential role in plant adaptation to environmental stresses. The ABA signaling mechanisms have been extensively investigated, and it was shown that the PYR1 (PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE1)/PYL (PYR1-LIKE)/RCAR (REGULATORY COMPONENT OF ABA RECEPTOR) ABA receptors, the PP2C coreceptors, and the SnRK2 protein kinases constitute the core ABA signaling module responsible for ABA perception and initiation of downstream responses. We recently showed that ABA signaling is modulated by light signals, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely obscure. In this study, we established a system in yeast cells that was not only successful in reconstituting a complete ABA signaling pathway, from hormone perception to ABA-responsive gene expression, but also suitable for functionally characterizing the regulatory roles of additional factors of ABA signaling. Using this system, we analyzed the roles of several light signaling components, including the red and far-red light photoreceptors phytochrome A (phyA) and phyB, and the photomorphogenic central repressor COP1, in the regulation of ABA signaling. Our results showed that both phyA and phyB negatively regulated ABA signaling, whereas COP1 positively regulated ABA signaling in yeast cells. Further analyses showed that photoactivated phyA interacted with the ABA coreceptors ABI1 and ABI2 to decrease their interactions with the ABA receptor PYR1. Together, data from our reconstituted yeast ABA signaling system provide evidence that photoactivated photoreceptors attenuate ABA signaling by directly interacting with the key components of the core ABA signaling module, thus conferring enhanced ABA tolerance to light-grown plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong261325, China
| | - Xinyan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Jing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Run Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Yang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Lijuan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Gao-Ping Qu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou350002, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT06520
| | | | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong261325, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
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Huang LJ, Zhang J, Lin Z, Yu P, Lu M, Li N. The AP2/ERF transcription factor ORA59 regulates ethylene-induced phytoalexin synthesis through modulation of an acyltransferase gene expression. J Cell Physiol 2022. [PMID: 36538653 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The gaseous ethylene (ET) and the oxylipin-derived jasmonic acid (JA) in plants jointly regulate an arsenal of pathogen responsive genes involved in defending against necrotrophic pathogens. The APETALA2 (AP2)/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) transcription factor ORA59 is a major positive regulator of the ET/JA-mediated defense pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. The Arabidopsis agmatine coumaroyltransferase (AtACT) catalyzes the formation of hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs) which are effective toxic antimicrobial substances known as phytoalexins and play an important role in plant defense response. However, induction and regulation of AtACT gene expression and HCAAs synthesis in plants remain less understood. Through gene coexpression network analysis, we identified a list of GCC-box cis-element containing genes that were coexpressed with ORA59 under diverse biotic stress conditions and might be potential downstream targets of this AP2/ERF-domain transcription factor. Particularly, ORA59 directly binds to AtACT gene promoter via the GCC-boxes and activates AtACT gene expression. The ET precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-treatment significantly induces AtACT gene expression. Both ORA59 and members of the class II TGA transcription factors are indispensable for ACC-induced AtACT expression. Interestingly, the expression of AtACT is also subject to the signaling crosstalk of the salicylic acid- and ET/JA-mediated defense response pathways. In addition, we found that genes of the phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway were specifically induced by Botrytis cinerea. Taking together, these evidence suggest that the ET/JA signaling pathway activate the expression of AtACT to increase antimicrobial HCAAs production through the transcription factor ORA59 in response to the infection of necrotrophic plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Huang
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Zeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
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Integrating Metabolomics and Transcriptomics to Unveil Atisine Biosynthesis in Aconitum gymnandrum Maxim. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113463. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diterpene alkaloids (DAs) are characteristic compounds in Aconitum, which are classified into four skeletal types: C18, C19, C20, and bisditerpenoid alkaloids. C20-DAs are thought to be the precursor of the other types. Their biosynthetic pathway, however, is largely unclear. Herein, we combine metabolomics and transcriptomics to unveil the methyl jasmonate (MJ) inducible biosynthesis of DAs in the sterile seedling of A. gymnandrum, the only species in the Subgenus Gymnaconitum (Stapf) Rapaics. Target metabolomics based on root and aerial portions identified 51 C19-DAs and 15 C20-DAs, with 40 inducible compounds. The highest content of C20-DA atisine was selected for further network analysis. PacBio Isoform sequencing integrated with RNA sequencing not only provided the full-length transcriptome but also their response to induction, revealing 1994 genes that exhibited up-regulated expression. Further, 38 genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis were identified, including 7 diterpene synthases. In addition to the expected function of the four diterpene synthases, AgCPS5 was identified to be a new ent-8,13-CPP synthase in Aconitum and could also combine with AgKSL1 to form the C20-DAs precursor ent-atiserene. Combined with multiple network analyses, six CYP450 and seven 2-ODD genes predicted to be involved in the biosynthesis of atisine were also identified. This study not only sheds light on diterpene synthase evolution in Aconitum but also provides a rich dataset of full-length transcriptomes, systemic metabolomes, and gene expression profiles, setting the groundwork for further investigation of the C20-DAs biosynthesis pathway.
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Doan PPT, Kim JH, Kim J. Rapid Investigation of Functional Roles of Genes in Regulation of Leaf Senescence Using Arabidopsis Protoplasts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:818239. [PMID: 35371171 PMCID: PMC8969776 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.818239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is the final stage of leaf development preceding death, which involves a significant cellular metabolic transition from anabolism to catabolism. Several processes during leaf senescence require coordinated regulation by senescence regulatory genes. In this study, we developed a rapid and systematic cellular approach to dissect the functional roles of genes in senescence regulation through their transient expression in Arabidopsis protoplasts. We established and validated this system by monitoring the differential expression of a luciferase-based reporter that was driven by promoters of SEN4 and SAG12, early and late senescence-responsive genes, depending on effectors of known positive and negative senescence regulators. Overexpression of positive senescence regulators, including ORE1, RPK1, and RAV1, increased the expression of both SEN4- and SAG12-LUC while ORE7, a negative senescence regulator decreased their expression. Consistently with overexpression, knockdown of target genes using amiRNAs resulted in opposite SAG12-LUC expression patterns. The timing and patterns of reporter responses induced by senescence regulators provided molecular evidence for their distinct kinetic involvement in leaf senescence regulation. Remarkably, ORE1 and RPK1 are involved in cell death responses, with more prominent and earlier involvement of ORE1 than RPK1. Consistent with the results in protoplasts, further time series of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death assays using different tobacco transient systems reveal that ORE1 causes acute cell death and RPK1 mediates superoxide-dependent intermediate cell death signaling during leaf senescence. Overall, our results indicated that the luciferase-based reporter system in protoplasts is a reliable experimental system that can be effectively used to examine the regulatory roles of Arabidopsis senescence-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan Phuong Thao Doan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Jeongsik Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
- Faculty of Science Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
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Rosenkranz M, Chen Y, Zhu P, Vlot AC. Volatile terpenes - mediators of plant-to-plant communication. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:617-631. [PMID: 34369010 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants interact with other organisms employing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The largest group of plant-released VOCs are terpenes, comprised of isoprene, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. Mono- and sesquiterpenes are well-known communication compounds in plant-insect interactions, whereas the smallest, most commonly emitted terpene, isoprene, is rather assigned a function in combating abiotic stresses. Recently, it has become evident that different volatile terpenes also act as plant-to-plant signaling cues. Upon being perceived, specific volatile terpenes can sensitize distinct signaling pathways in receiver plant cells, which in turn trigger plant innate immune responses. This vastly extends the range of action of volatile terpenes, which not only protect plants from various biotic and abiotic stresses, but also convey information about environmental constraints within and between plants. As a result, plant-insect and plant-pathogen interactions, which are believed to influence each other through phytohormone crosstalk, are likely equally sensitive to reciprocal regulation via volatile terpene cues. Here, we review the current knowledge of terpenes as volatile semiochemicals and discuss why and how volatile terpenes make good signaling cues. We discuss how volatile terpenes may be perceived by plants, what are possible downstream signaling events in receiver plants, and how responses to different terpene cues might interact to orchestrate the net plant response to multiple stresses. Finally, we discuss how the signal can be further transmitted to the community level leading to a mutually beneficial community-scale response or distinct signaling with near kin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaria Rosenkranz
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peiyuan Zhu
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Corina Vlot
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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Ulrich L, Schmitz J, Thurow C, Gatz C. The jasmonoyl-isoleucine receptor CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 suppresses defense gene expression in Arabidopsis roots independently of its ligand. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1119-1130. [PMID: 34145662 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The F-box protein CORONANTINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1) serves as the receptor for the plant hormone jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile). COI1, its co-receptors of the JASMONATE ZIM-domain (JAZ) protein family, and JA-Ile form a functional unit that regulates growth or defense mechanisms in response to various stress cues. Strikingly, COI1, but not JA-Ile, is required for susceptibility of Arabidopsis thaliana towards the soil-borne vascular pathogen Verticillium longisporum. In order to obtain marker genes for further analysis of this JA-Ile-independent COI1 function, transcriptome analysis of roots of coi1 and allene oxide synthase (aos) plants (impaired in JA biosynthesis) was performed. Intriguingly, nearly all of the genes that are differentially expressed in coi1 versus aos and wild type are constitutively more highly expressed in coi1. To support our notion that COI1 acts independently of its known downstream signaling components, coi1 plants were complemented with a COI1 variant (COI1AA ) that is compromised in its interaction with JAZs. As expected, these plants showed only weak induction of the expression of the JA-Ile marker gene VEGETATIVE STORAGE PROTEIN2 after wounding and remained sterile. On the other hand, genes affected by COI1 but not by JA-Ile were still strongly repressed by COI1AA . We suggest that COI1 has a potential moonlighting function that serves to repress gene expression in a JA-Ile- and JAZ-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Ulrich
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Schmitz
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Corinna Thurow
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Gatz
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Son S, Kwon M, Im JH. A New Approach for Wounding Research: MYC2 Gene Expression and Protein Stability in Wounded Arabidopsis Protoplasts. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081518. [PMID: 34451563 PMCID: PMC8399638 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Wounding is a constant threat to plant survival throughout their lifespan; therefore, understanding the biological responses to wounds at the cellular level is important. The protoplast system is versatile for molecular biology, however, no wounding studies on this system have been reported. We established a new approach for wounding research using mechanically damaged Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts. Wounded protoplasts showed typical wounding responses, such as increased MPK6 kinase activity and upregulated JAZ1 expression. We also assessed expression profiles and protein stability of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor MYC2 in wounded protoplasts. Promoter activity, gene expression, and protein stability of MYC2 were compromised, but recovered in the early stage of wounding. In the late stage, the promoter activity and expression of MYC2 were increased, but the protein stability was not changed. According to the results of the present study, this new cell-based approach will be of use in various molecular studies on plant wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Son
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136701, Korea;
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Miye Kwon
- Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute (JBRI), Jeju Technopark (JTP), Jeju 63608, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (J.H.I.); Tel.: +82-64-720-2817 (M.K.); +1-517-353-0458 (J.H.I.)
| | - Jong Hee Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136701, Korea;
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (J.H.I.); Tel.: +82-64-720-2817 (M.K.); +1-517-353-0458 (J.H.I.)
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Frank L, Wenig M, Ghirardo A, van der Krol A, Vlot AC, Schnitzler JP, Rosenkranz M. Isoprene and β-caryophyllene confer plant resistance via different plant internal signalling pathways. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1151-1164. [PMID: 33522606 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene and other terpenoids are important biogenic volatile organic compounds in terms of atmospheric chemistry. Isoprene can aid plant performance under abiotic stresses, but the fundamental biological reasons for the high emissions are not completely understood. Here, we provide evidence of a previously unrecognized ecological function for isoprene and for the sesquiterpene, ß-caryophyllene. We show that isoprene and ß-caryophyllene act as core components of plant signalling networks, inducing resistance against microbial pathogens in neighbouring plants. We challenged Arabidopsis thaliana with Pseudomonas syringae, after exposure to pure volatile terpenoids or to volatile emissions of transformed poplar or Arabidopsis plants. The data suggest that isoprene induces a defence response in receiver plants that is similar to that elicited by monoterpenes and depended on salicylic acid (SA) signalling. In contrast, the sesquiterpene, ß-caryophyllene, induced resistance via jasmonic acid (JA)-signalling. The experiments in an open environment show that natural biological emissions are enough to induce resistance in neighbouring Arabidopsis. Our results show that both isoprene and ß-caryophyllene function as allelochemical components in complex plant signalling networks. Knowledge of this system may be used to boost plant immunity against microbial pathogens in various crop management schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Frank
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marion Wenig
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - A Corina Vlot
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maaria Rosenkranz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
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Zhao C, Yaschenko A, Alonso JM, Stepanova AN. Leveraging synthetic biology approaches in plant hormone research. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 60:101998. [PMID: 33476945 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.101998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The study of plant hormones is critical to understanding development, physiology and interactions of plants with their environment. Synthetic biology holds promise to provide a new perspective and shed fresh light on the molecular mechanisms of plant hormone action and propel the design of novel biotechnologies. With the recent adoption of synthetic biology in plant sciences, exciting first examples of successful tool development and their applications in the area of plant hormone research are emerging, paving the way for new cadres to enter this promising field of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsong Zhao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Anna Yaschenko
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jose M Alonso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Anna N Stepanova
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Li N, Cao L, Miu W, Cao R, Peng M, Wan W, Huang LJ. Molecular Rewiring of the Jasmonate Signaling Pathway to Control Auxin-Responsive Gene Expression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030641. [PMID: 32155843 PMCID: PMC7140437 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) has an important role in many aspects of plant defense response and developmental process. JA triggers interaction between the F-box protein COI1 and the transcriptional repressors of the JAZ family that leads the later to proteasomal degradation. The Jas-motif of JAZs is critical for mediating the COI1 and JAZs interaction in the presence of JA. Here, by using the protoplast transient gene expression system we reported that the Jas-motif of JAZ1 was necessary and sufficient to target a foreign reporter protein for COI1-facilitated degradation. We fused the Jas-motif to the SHY2 transcriptional repressor of auxin signaling pathway to create a chimeric protein JaSHY. Interestingly, JaSHY retained the transcriptional repressor function while become degradable by the JA coreceptor COI1 in a JA-dependent fashion. Moreover, the JA-induced and COI1-facilitated degradation of JaSHY led to activation of a synthetic auxin-responsive promoter activity. These results showed that the modular components of JA signal transduction pathway can be artificially redirected to regulate auxin signaling pathway and control auxin-responsive gene expression. Our work provides a general strategy for using synthetic biology approaches to explore and design cell signaling networks to generate new cellular functions in plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (N.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Linggai Cao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (SAVER), Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Wenzhuo Miu
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (N.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Ruibin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (N.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Mingbo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (N.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Wenkai Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (N.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Li-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (N.L.); (W.M.)
- Correspondence:
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